1、专题2 代词和数词【易错雷区，步步为赢】1.(2015重庆，2)The meeting will be held in September, but knows the date for sure.答案nobody2.(2015陕西，13)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the .解析句意：为了让自己暖和起来，这个水手坐在火堆旁，光着脚，用一只脚搓另一只脚。表示两者中的一个，另一个，用one.the other.。答案other3.(2015福建，21)The r
2、esearch group produced two reports based on the survey, but contained any useful suggestions.解析句意：这个研究组发布了以调查为基础的两个报道，但是都没有有用的建议。考查代词。根据句意，两者都不用neither。答案neither4. You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend you a hand.解析考查不定代词。句意：你可以向任何一个人求助。在这里的每一个人都会给予你帮助。根据前句中的anyone，可知填everyone。答案Every
3、one5.When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon? .Ill be in all day.解析根据“in the morning or afternoon”“我全天都在家里。”可知答案应填Either。答案Either6. Shed lived in London and Manchester，but she liked and moved to Cambridge.解析题干的意思是“她在伦敦和曼彻斯特都住过，可是这两座城市她都不喜欢，就搬到剑桥去了。”由此意可知要用neither(两者都不)。答案neither7.A smile costs
4、 ，but gives much.解析考查不定代词用法。句意：微笑虽然不用花费什么，但意义却是巨大的。答案nothing8.Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.解析句意：苏珊向我清楚地表达了她希望过自己的新生活。此处用it作形式宾语，that从句作真正的宾语。答案it9.Id appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.答案it10.As a result of destroying
5、the forests, a large of the desert covered the land.A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have解析 a large number of后面要接复数名词，所以选项C是错误的。A large quantity表示单数，谓语动词用has.答案B【名师点睛，易错起源】易错起源1、物主代词和反身代词的用法 例1 (2015新课标全国卷)Id been at home in Hong Kong，with _ (it) choking smog. 【答案】its【解析】
6、形容词性物主代词作定语。【变式探究】Tom felt that he knew everybodys business than they knew it _ _.A. themselves B. oneself C. itself D. himself Iss nice if a【错误解答】D【错解分析】对反身代词的理解错误。如果把注意力放在everyb。dy上，就会误选D.实际上在使用反身代词时，要注意主语。如果主语是I就用mysef；you用yourself或yourselves；he用心mself；she用helself；让用itself；we用ourselves;thery用ther
7、aselves。这里当是强调主语they，所以用相应的themselves.【正确解答】 A【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】1.英汉差异。英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而汉语中往往省略不翻译。例如: Jack took off his coat and went go bed (his 不能省略) 2.“of+名词性物主代词”用作定语。例如: Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.Thatcarof hers is a1ways breaing down. 3.“形容词性物主代词+own+名词”表示强调，在own前还可加very表示进一步的
8、强调。 例如: Its nice if a man can have his own car.I want to have my very own car.4.“a(an，Some，any) +名词+ of ones own”表示“某人自己的”的意思。名词前可以用this,that,these,four,those,several,another,no,whieh等修饰，但不能用定冠词the。例如:5.反身代词的习惯用语。by oneslf =alone 独自地，亲自to oneself 暗自for oneself 为自己in oneself 本质上of onesflf 自动地，自发地be o
9、neself 玩得愉快dress oneslf in 穿着help oneslf to 随便吃，自行取用come to oneself 苏醒make oneself at home 不要客气devote omeself to 专心于；献身于find omeself in/at发觉自己来到teach oneself 自学dress oneself 自己穿lose oneself 迷路excuse oneself 自我辩解易错起源2、不定代词的用法 例2 (2015四川卷)Niki is always full of ideas，but _ is useful to my knowledge.【答
10、案】none【解析】句意：Niki总是有很多想法，但对我来说没有一个是有用的。三者或三者以上否定用none，可指人也可指物。 【变式探究】One weeks time has been wastea. I cant believe we did all that work for _ .A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything【错误解答】A或D【错解分析】前者说:一周的时间已被浪费掉了。后者说:我无法相信我们所做的一切毫无结果什么都没换来。句中的for有“替挟、兑挟”之意。一周内干了许多工作，却劳而无功，所以才白白浪费了一周时间，没有换
11、来任何成果。【正确解答】 B【名师点睛】易混不定代词的用法区别: 1.some和any二者都可用作名词(作主语或宾语)，也可用作形容词(作定语)来修饰可数名词或不可数名词。(1)some一般用于肯定句中。当some用于单数可数名词前时，表示”某一(个)”，与数字连用则表示“大概，大约”的意思，用于疑问句时，表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答，或表示请求，建议。例如:Ive read the story in some book. (某一本)Some girl. is waiting for you at the school gate.(某个)The country has exported som
12、e two million bikes this year. ( 大约 )May I have some water? (表示请求) Would you like some apples? (邀请) (2)any多用于疑问句，否定句和条件句中。在肯定句中，any表示“任何的”，修饰单数可数名词。也可用作状语，表示程度。例如: both两者都，all三者或三者以上，全体；在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。 (1)all除了指人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；还可指物，表示“所有，一切”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，也可用来修饰不可数名词。例如:All but one are present.(作主语
13、，指人，谓语动词用复数)All is over with him.(作主语，指物，谓语动词用单数)I have forgotten all about it(作宾语)All hope has gone.(修饰不可数名词)They all agree to stay here.(作同位语)3.much和many两个词都有“许多”的意思，much表示或修饰不可数名词，many表示或修饰可数名词。在口语中，much或many多用于疑问句或否定句，在肯定句中常用a lot of，lots Of，plenty of，a large quantity of，quantities of代替。much还可以用
14、a great deal of代替，many可以用a(1arge)number of代替。(1)much可用作副词，作状语，表程度。be not much意为“不怎么样”，much还可与too连用，构成“too much+不可数名词”短语，意为“太多的”或“much too+形容词或副词”短语，意为“太“非常”，是副词词组，修饰形、副词，但不修饰动词。例如:The city is much larger than that one.Ive visited the country and it is not much.There is too much noise in the classroo
15、mIm much too busy to see visitors. (2)many a + 可数名词单数，表示“许多”。在名词前如果有冠词或指示代词等词时，要用many of或much of结构，例如: Many a student has gone to the cinema.Many of the/my books are English.(1)each强调个体，在句子中充当定语，主语，宾语和同位语，指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一个。例如: Each room can seat at least fifty people. Each of the students will get
16、a new book. Each student will get a new bookThe students each will get a new book.There are trees and flowers on each side of the street. ( 街道只有两边，不能用every)(2)every强调整体，在句中只能作定语，指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一个。还可以表示“每隔”构成“every+数词+复数名词”，“every + few + 复数名词”，“every + other + 单数名词”，“every +序数词 + 单数名词”，例如:Every one
17、 has strong and weak points.Every student has told a story.every three weeks 每隔三个星期，每隔两个星期every other week = every second week 每隔一星期every few weeks(不能说evesry a few weeks)每隔几个星期6.either 和neithereither指“两个人或物中的任何一个”，表示肯定意义，neither指“两个人或物一个也不”，表示否定意义。这两个词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。either可放在否定句的句尾，表示”也”。例如:I dont kn
18、ow either.我也不知道。either可用作连词，“或者，要么”的意思，一般与。or连用，构成“either. or”短语，意为“不是就是”，“或者或者”。当这一短语连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上要同最近的主语保持一致，如: Either he or I am to blame.Is either he or you going to the cinema?Are either you or he going to the cinema?either修饰名词时，前面不用物主代词，指示代词或定冠词，可以说:“either pen”，但不能说“the either pen或
19、either my pen”either用作代词时，可以单独使用，也可和of连用，of后接复数名词，名词前要用一个物主代词，指示代词或定冠词，如:He doesnt like either of the two places.当either of作主语时，动词一般用单数形式，但在否定句和疑问句中，动词也常用复数，特别在口语中，如:7.no和 noneEither of them is good enough. I dont think either of them are at home.(1)no表示“不”“无”只能作定语，修饰不可数名词或可数名词单复数，相当于not any或not a。例
20、如:There is no water in the bottle.(2)none表示“没有人，任何人也不”用作名词，相当于no one或not any，常同of连用，构成“Noneof.”结构，none作可数名词用时，指三者或三者以上，作主语时谓语动词用单数或复数均可，none作不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，none在句中作主语或宾语，不作定语，不与名词连用，例如:None of books are (is) interesting.注意:none but+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数，例如:None but wolves walk like that.除非狼才会那么走。none和no
21、one的区别:none回答以howmanymuch引导的特殊疑问句或“any of + 限定词 + 名词”或表一定范围的一般疑问句，no one回答以who引导的特殊疑问句及含有anybody或无限定范围的一般问句，简言之， none表示数量，no one表示没有人，例如: How many students are there in the classroom now?None.How any of you ever been to the Great Wall?None.Who can answer the question?No one.8.other,another,others,an
22、y other,the other的用法。 (1)other表示泛指，意为“另外的，其他的”。常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有 the，this，some，any，each，every，no以及形容词性物主代词时，其后就可接单数名词。例如:I have no other place to go.(2)another常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”，泛指单数。可以单独使用，也可以接名词。如果其后接复数名词，则表示“又，再，还”。例如:This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one).We need another three a
23、ssistants in our company.(3)others是other的复数形式，表示泛指，意为“别的人或物”，但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词；前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。例如:He has more concern for others than for himself.(4)any other表示一个之外的其他任何一个，百不是两个之中的另一个。例如: China is larger than any other country in Asia.(5)the other，表示两者中的另外一个。可以单独使用，以可接单数名词。例如:No agreement was reached
24、in the discussion as neither side would give away to the other.易错起源3、代词出at、it、one的用法 例3(2015浙江卷)How would you like _ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? 【答案】it【解析】句意：如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目，这时有人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了，你会怎么想。固定表达how wo
25、uld you like it if.，在此结构中it代替后面if从句的内容。【变式探究】Cars do cause as some health problems _ in fact for more serious than mobile phones do. A. one B. ones C. it D. those【错误解答】D【正确解答】B【名师点睛】代词it的主要用法 用作人称代词，指代前文提到过的事物。例如: This is not my book. It is Marys.用来代替指示代词出，this或that。例如: Whats this? Its a dictionary.
26、Whose jacket is that? It is hers.在性别不清楚时用来指人。例如: Whos knocking at the door? Its me.(4):指时间；距离、天气、环境等。例如:Whats the time now? Its ten past twenty. Its getting warmer and wanner. Its about ten miles ride from my home to the town.(5)指代整个句子的内容；例如:Our team won the football match .Have you heard about it?(
27、6)用于某些习惯用语中作宾语，对这些习惯用语只能从整体上来理解；例如: I hate it when people speak with their mouths full. Well foot it. As it is, we can hardly get to the station by 7oclock.【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】代词it,they与替代词one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those 的用法区别:(1)it指代前面提到过的事物，they是它的复数形式。(2)one替代单数名词，表示不特定的名词，也就是指泛指，ones是它的复数形式。(3)the o
28、ne替代前面的单数名词，表示特指，往往其后带动定语，the ones是它的复数形式。(4)that既可替代单数可数名词,也可以替代不可数名词,若替代单数名词时,相当于the one.(5)those 替代复数名词,相当于the ones.例如:Your story is interesting, but I dont I ike it. (句 1)This story is an interesting one. ( 句 2 )I havent a computer. I want to buy one next year. (句 2)The dictionary on the desk is
29、 much better than that (the one) on the shelf. (句 3)The population in China is much larger than that in America. (句 4)The conditions are like those in the real spaceship. (句 5)The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Huanggang in winter. (句 4)Students in our class are more hard working tha
30、n those in Mr. smiths class. (句 5)There is only one computer of the type in the shop, so I want to buy it for my daughter. (句 1)易错起源4、数词和主谓一致例4He did it _ it took me.A. one - third a time B. one - third time C. the one - third time D. one - third the time解析 分数和百分数后面不能直接跟名词或代词，而应该是“分数或百分数+of+冠词或限定词+名
31、词或代词”，其谓语动词与of后面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。本题time后接定语从句，前面要加定冠词the.表示“三分之一的时间”为onethird thetime.答案D【变式探究】With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year.A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away【错误解答】 A【错解分析】本题考查语态和主谓一致。此句主语是一复数形式hugequa
32、ntities，所以谓语应用相应的复数形式。【正确解答】 D【名师点睛】数词使用的注意事项 (1)hundred,thousand,million,billion,score,dozen前有数词，后接of连接名词时，表示不具体的量，加复数。例如:five hundred peopletwo score applestens of thousands ofmillions of(2)表示“几十”的数词的复数形式前用形容词性物主代词形式时，表示“(某人)在几十岁”；用定冠词the修饰则表示年代。例如:in his early thirties 在他二十几岁时in the 1990s (1990s)
33、二十世纪九十年代(3)序数词在句中作定语时，一般在序数词前加定冠词the；有时加不定冠词a(n)，表示“又一”，“再一”的意思，相当于another。例如:Monday is the second dqy of a week .Would you like a second cup of tea?(4)固定短语one at a time 一次一个地one by one 一个一个地by the dozen以打计by the hundred以百计in tens十个十个地one in (out of)ten 十个中的一个World War Two/the Second World War第二次世界大
34、战【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】主谓语一致基本用法所遵循的三个原则(1)语法一致:主语一致为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式，主语为复数，则谓语动词也用复数。例如He is a boy.They are boys.(2)意义一致:主语形式上是单数，但表达复数意义，那么谓语动词要用复数形式，或主语形式上是复数形式但表达单数意义，则谓语动词也采用单数形式。例如: My family were watching TV at 8 oclock.My family has moved three times.(3)就近原则:谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定。例如:There is a book, two pens and three pencil-boxes on the desk.There are two pens, a book and three pencil boxes on the desk.