1、1._ n.(有风险的)商业、企业;vi.&vt冒险；敢于去2._ vt加强；巩固 _ n力气3._ n忍耐；持久；耐(性)_ vt.忍耐；忍受4._ adj.无法忍受的；承受不住的 _ vt.忍受5._ adj.喘不过气来的6._n.环境；详情；境况7._adv.&prep在船(飞机、车等)上；上船(飞机，车等)8._adj.急迫的；紧急的 _ vt.力劝；催促9._ n.愉快的；高兴的;_ v.欢呼；喝彩;n.欢呼；心情10._vt.坚持11._ vt.支持；拥护；提倡12._ adj.冰冻的；严寒的13._ n.感激；感恩14._ n.惩罚；惩处 _ vt.惩罚15._ adj.忠诚的；
2、忠实的16._ vt.vi.耽搁；延迟;n.耽搁；延迟17._ vt.使气馁 _ vt.鼓励18._ adj.规则的；定期的；常规的19._ vt.抓住；抓紧；掌握20._ n.小心；谨慎；警告 _ adj.慎重的；谨慎的21._ adj.令人钦佩的；绝妙的；极好的22._ n.担子；负担23._ n.责任；职责 _ adj.负责的24._ vt.分派；分配25._ vt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱26._ vt.分发；分配 _ n.分发；分配27._ vt.预测；预报;n.预测;预报28._ vt.反对；反抗；抵制 _ adj.反对的29._ n.牺牲；献身；祭品30._ vt.确定31._ vi.回
3、答；响应；作出反应32._ n.侮辱；凌辱;vt.侮辱；凌辱33._ vt.责骂；斥责34._ vt.需要；要求；n.要求；需求；需要答案：1.venture 2.strengthen；strength 3.endurance；endure 4.unbearable；bear 5.breathless 6.circumstance7.aboard 8.urgent；urge 9.cheerful；cheer 10.persevere11.advocate 12.freezing 13.gratitude14.punishment；punish15.loyal 16.delay 17.disco
4、urage；encourage 18.regular19.grasp20.caution；cautious 21.admirable 22.burden23.responsibility；responsible 24.allocate 25.adore26.distribute;distribution 27.forecast 28.oppose；opposed29.sacrifice 30.confirm 31.respond 32.insult 33.scold34.demand1._ a web 结网2.be _ to do sth.被迫做某事3.remind sb._ sth.提醒某人
5、某事4._ an expedition 加入一支远征队5._ usual 通常；像往常一样6.block _ 封闭7.a _ of cold air 一股冷空气8.hold _ 坚持；继续9.give way _ 让步；让路10.hand _ 移交（权利；责任）11.care _ 关怀；照顾；计较12.hear._ 听完13._ behalf of 代表14._ question 无可争辩；毫无疑问15.speak _大胆地说；大声地答案：1.make 2.forced 3.of 4.join 5.as 6.out7.blast 8.on 9.to 10.over 11.for 12.out
6、13.on14.beyond 15.out1.I believe Shackleton _ _ _ this unexpected end to his expedition.我相信沙克尔顿肯定会对这次探险意想不到的结局而痛心2.Soon Shackleton _ _ the framework for our life here:no differences in rank or in social status.不久沙克尔顿给我们这里的生活列出规矩：取消级别和社会地位上的差异3.I have decided to retire and _ _ the heavy load of respo
7、nsibility you three.我已决定退休，把责任重担传到你们三人的手中。4.For _ of you has for me the most devotion I will give to her the best part of everything I own.你们之中谁最爱我，我就把我拥有的最好的东西赠送给谁。答案：1.must have mourned 2.set out 3.hand over;to 4.whichever1.discourage vt.使泄气；使失去信心；使气馁Her parents tried to discourage her from becomi
8、ng a singer.她的父母想劝她打消当歌手的念头。常用结构：discourage sb.使某人气馁discourage sb.from doing sth.劝某人打消做某事的念头；阻止某人做某事【联想拓展】encourage vt.鼓励；激励discouraging adj.使人沮丧的；令人气馁的encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事encourage sb.in doing sth.在某方面鼓励某人用法点拨：discourage指失去信心、失去勇气、产生恐惧，减少鼓足勇气的一切力量，主要用作及物动词，其宾语是人。discourage还可引申为“劝阻”，指对别人的一
9、举一动进行劝阻，希望其能够接受，但这种劝阻或阻止未必一定会成功，如果不成功可在discourage 前加 want to,mean to，try to等。【即学即练】完成句子这次失败使他气馁了。The failure _ him.他们都泄气了，决定放弃。They _ _ and decided to give up.老师鼓励我出国留学。The teacher _ me _ _ _.答案：discouraged got discouragedencouraged;to study abroad单项填空The local authority is trying to _ oversea inves
10、tment by beautifying its environment.（2010漳州高三检测）A.value B.encourage C.introduce D.affect解析:选B。考查动词辨析。value重视；encourage鼓励；introduce介绍；affect影响。句意为：当地政府正通过美化环境来鼓励外资。根据句意应选B。2.sacrifice n.献身;牺牲；奉献v.献祭；奉献His father gave his life as a sacrifice for his country.他爸爸为国牺牲了。She sacrificed her life to save he
11、r child from the fire.她为了从火灾中救出她的孩子而献出了自己的生命。She sacrificed her career to marry him她为了嫁给他而放弃了自己的事业。常用结构：for no sacrifice 不怕牺牲make sacrifices for 为做出牺牲at/by the sacrifice of 靠牺牲；以为代价sacrifice ones life 牺牲某人的生命用法点拨：sacrifice常用作及物动词，接名词或代词作宾语。表示“为牺牲”时，常与介词for或to 连用，可用于被动语态。sacrifice还可接动词不定式作目的状语。【即学即练】
12、完成句子我从没想过让你做出这样的牺牲。I would never dream of asking you to _ _ _ _.他做出了很大的牺牲才获得成功。He achieved his success _ _ _.答案：make such a sacrifice at great sacrifice 单项填空They _ a lamb to God.A.sacrificed B.gave C.offered D.provided解析:选A。句意为：他们把羔羊献祭给上帝。sacrifice把作祭品。3.contribute to 有助于；捐献；投稿This team-spirit contr
13、ibuted to the morale of the crew and saved our lives.这种团队精神鼓舞了船员们的士气，并挽救了我们的生命。Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。【联想拓展】contribution n.贡献；捐款contributor n.捐款人；投稿人make contributions to做出贡献Qian xuesen made great contributions to science.钱学森对科学事业做出了极大的贡献。【速记名片】Many p
14、eople contributed money to the Hope Project,which contributed to many children returning to school.A teacher wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper.许多人给希望工程捐钱，使许多孩子可以重返校园。一位教师写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投到报社。温馨提示：contribute to中的to是介词。用法点拨：contribute 可表示“捐赠，捐献;促成，组成的一部分”，还可表示“贡献（意见，建议）；投稿”等；作不及
15、物动词时，常加介词to。contribute 作“有助于，促使（发生某情况）”解的，主语一般是物。【即学即练】单项填空The doctor said jokingly that his own infection of the virus _ the discovery of a vaccine（疫苗）of the disease.（2010苏州高三检测）A.stood for B.called for C.paid for D.contributed to解析:选D。考查动词短语辨析。stand for代表；call for要求；需要；提倡；pay for为付钱；contribute to有
16、助于。根据句意，选B。4.give way to 让路；让步；被取代He was always honest with us(as in the advertisement)and never gave way to disappointment,even when the ship sank.他对我们也总是坦诚相待（就像广告中那样），他从不灰心丧气，从不放弃，甚至当轮船沉下去时也是如此。Many people didnt give way to fears during the earthquake.地震来临时很多人并没有害怕。【速记名片】【联想拓展】give up 放弃give out 分
17、发give back 归还；恢复give in 屈服，让步give away 分发；泄露；出卖【即学即练】单项填空If we _ to him,he will only make further demands.（2010潍坊高三检测）A.give up B.give away C.give out D.give way解析:选D。考查动词短语辨析。give up放弃；give away分发；泄露；出卖；give out分发；发布；give way to让路；让步。句意为：如果我们向他让步，他定会提出进一步的要求。根据句意，选D。.单词拼写1.He has been brought in to
18、 s_ the defence.2.The wood was so r _ that you could put your finger through it.3.Although in great need of money，she remained c _throughout the trip4.“His temper has been c _ this week，so dont annoy him.”5.He is easily d _ by difficulties and obstacles.6.Its very cold today；the temperature has drop
19、ped to f _point.7.He was forced to s _ his lunch hour because of the pressure of work.8.His property was d_ among his sons.9.He _(主张)using smaller container to pack the goods.10.“I _（惩罚）you because I love you.”The father told his son.答案：1.strengthen 2.rotten 3.cheerful 4.changeable5.discouraged 6.fr
20、eezing 7.shorten 8.distributed9.advocated 10.punish.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空hear.out/beyond question/give way to/by coincidence/on behalf of/care for1.Excuse me,please _ the passengers behind you.2.Sorry，I wish I had time to _，but could you make your story shorter?3.I am writing this letter _ my mother,who w
21、ants to thank you for your nice gift.4.As far as I know，his honesty is _.5.New China _ her youth and shows concern for their growth.6._ we happened to be travelling on the same train.答案：1.give way to 2.hear you out 3.on behalf of4.beyond question 5.cares for 6.By coincidence.完成句子1._ _ _(如果他们成功了)，the
22、y will believe that the humans and machines can live together like friends in the future.2.Young people often complain of _ _ _ _ _ _(不能与他们的父母沟通).3.The tool _ _ _(证明是非常有用的).4.Members of the public _ _ _ _ _ _ _(加入了搜寻失踪男孩的行动).5.His bad behaviour _ _ _(让人无法忍受).答案：1.If they succeed2.not being able to c
23、ommunicate with their parents3.proved(to be)very useful4.joined the search of the missing boy 5.was beyond endurance.单项填空1.Parents make many _ for their children，which in turn creates childrens further emotional dependence on them.A.criteria B.sacrifices C.assessments D.regulations解析:选B。criteria标准；s
24、acrifices牺牲；assessments评估，估价；regulations规则，规章。make some sacrifices为固定词组，意为“作出牺牲”,符合句意。2.Eventually，the President had to leave office_ public pressure in order to ease the tension of the situation.A.in favor of B.in response to C.in return for D.in honour of解析:选B。in response to作为的回应；in favor of赞同；in
25、return for作为的回报；in honour of为纪念。句意为：总统被迫辞职，以作为对公众压力的回应。3.The organization that doesnt _ use of violence becomes popular.A.declare B.announce C.advocate D.advertise解析:选C。考查动词词义辨析。declare正式宣布；announce口头通知；advocate主张，提倡；advertise做广告。4.He is not only clever but also works very hard.No _ he always wins f
26、irst place in every examination.A.doubt B.wonder C.problem D.Question解析:选B。考查固定句型。It is no wonder that.意为“难怪；对不惊奇”；There is no doubt that.意为“无疑；毫无疑问”。5.Dont let one failure _ you.Believe in yourself and try again.A.disobey B.discount C.discourage D.discriminate解析:选C。句意为：不要因为一次失败就泄气，相信自己，再试试看。disobey
27、不服从；discount不信任；减少；discourage使气馁，使沮丧；discriminate区别，辨别。6.We demanded that every student who took part in the Party _ immediatelyA.to be quiet B.quiet C.be quiet D.being quiet解析:选C。demand，request，ask，require，order，command等词后都从句时，从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即should动词原形，且should可省略。7.It took him a long time to _ the d
28、isappointment of losing his new matchA.go over B.hand over C.get over D.come over解析:选C。get over爬过;克服，熬过;恢复；come over过来;抓住；go over度过；转变；复习；hand over移交。根据句意，选C。8.Jackson _ rumors in the town and was arrested by the police.A.suspected to spreadB.was suspected of spreadingC.was suspected to spreadD.was
29、suspected spreading解析:选B。suspect sbof sthdoing sth怀疑某人做某事。9.Did you know hed been accused of _ driving?They must have made a big mistake，I think he is _.A.drunk；innocent B.drunken；guiltyC.drunken；innocent D.drunk；guilty解析:选C。drunk多作表语，drunken多作定语；结合句意可知，选C。10._ everyone here，may I wish you，Mr.Johnso
30、n，a very happy journey.A.On behalf of B.In case of C.In addition to D.Regardless of解析:选A。on behalf of作为的代表，符合句意。in case of万一；in addition to加上；regardless of不管，不顾。11.Brown shrugged his shoulders and _，surrendering to the police without a word.A.gave out B.gave in C.gave off D.gave away解析:选B。give in上交；
31、(被迫)放弃，投降，屈服；give out分发，用尽；精疲力竭；give off发出(蒸汽、光等)；长出(枝、杈)等；give away出卖；泄漏。由句意可知，应选B。12.My brother went to France pennilessly_ home forty years later as a millionaire.A.return B.returns C.returning D.to return解析:选D。分词作结果状语表示必然的、顺延的结果;不定式作结果状语表示没有预料到的，非逻辑的结果。13.By the time she was 30，Alice had begun t
32、o _ for herself as a fashion designer.A.make a name B.call her nameC.call a name D.make her name解析:选A。getmakewin a name(for oneself)出名，成名，为自己赢得名声；call ones name叫的名字。14._ children often cannot help eating more and tend to put on too much weight.A.Generous B.Greedy C.Selfish D.Corrupt解析:选B。greedy有“贪婪的
33、，贪吃的”之意。15.I _ the taxi when it suddenly _ to me that I might forget the air-ticket in my home.A.was getting on；struckB.was getting on；happenedC.was about to get on；appearedD.was about to get on；occurred解析:选D。考查时态及固定句式。be about to do sth表示“正打算干”；用进行式表示短暂性动作“上车”不合适。It occurred to sbthat.某人突然想起；happen常用于It happened that.或sb.happened to do sth.结构中。