1、课时作业.完形填空(2019全国卷)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They _1_ with them lots of waste. The _2_ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the _3_ of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories, Im _4_ about the p
2、laceother destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.However, I soon _5_ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of _6_ among tons of rubbish. I find a _7_ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are _8_ but the efforts made
3、 by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be _9_.The best of a Kilimanjaro _10_， in my opinion, isnt reaching the top. Mountains are _11_ as spiritual places by many cultures. This _12_ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as _13_ go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilome
4、ters. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, _14_ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather _15_low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I _16_ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4,000 meters is the highland _17_：grave
5、l (砾石), stones and rocks. _18_ you climb into an arcticlike zone with _19_ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro _20_ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了非洲乞力马扎罗山的环境
6、污染以及当地机构努力治理之后环境的改观情况。1A.keepBmixCconnectDbring答案：D根据第一段第一句可知，每年大约有4万人试图攀登乞力马扎罗山，所以他们攀登的时候带来(bring)了很多垃圾。2A.storiesBbuildingsCcrowdsDreporters答案：C联系上文中的“about 40,000 people”可知，这些人群(crowds)有可能破坏这个地方的美。3A.positionBageCfaceDname答案：C联系上文中的“The glaciers are disappearing”可知，冰川的消失正在改变乞力马扎罗山的面貌(face)。4A.sil
7、entBskepticalCseriousDcrazy答案：B联系下文“other destinations are described as purer natural experiences”可知，其他目的地被描述为“更纯粹的”自然体验，所以作者对乞力马扎罗山被严重破坏的报道表示怀疑(skeptical)。be skeptical about “对表示怀疑”。5A.discoverBargueCdecideDadvocate答案：A联系下文的“much has changed”可知，作者发现(discover)了乞力马扎罗山的变化。6A.equipmentBgrassCcampsDston
8、es答案：C联系下文中的“with toilets at camps”可知，这里报道的是营地(camp)。7A.remoteBquietCtallDclean答案：D联系上文“However (然而)”及下文“with toilets at camps and along the paths”可推知，作者看到的是干净的(clean)山。8A.newBspecialCsignificantDnecessary答案：C上文提到乞力马扎罗山有众多游客，而且有很多垃圾，还有令人心烦的诸多报道，由此可知，这里面临的环境挑战是重大的(significant)。9A.paying offBspreading
9、 outCblowing upDfading away答案：A联系前文的“with toilets at camps and along the paths”可知，坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在奏效(pay off)。spread out “展开”；blow up “爆炸”；fade away “逐渐消失”。10A.atmosphereBexperienceCexperimentDsight答案：B联系下文“reaching the top”可知，作者认为在乞力马扎罗山最好的爬山体验 (experience)并不是登顶。11A.studiedBobservedCexploredDre
10、garded答案：D联系空后的“by many cultures”可知，山在很多文化中被看作是(regard)灵魂之地，be regarded as “被看作是”。12A.viewBqualityCreasonDpurpose答案：A前一句指出山在很多文化中被看作灵魂之地，此空前有this限定，紧承前文，进一步陈述该看法(view)在乞力马扎罗山更体现得淋漓尽致，因为攀登者可在数公里的路程中穿越五种生态系统。13A.scientistsBclimbersClocalsDofficials答案：B联系上文的“Every year about 40,000 people attempt to cl
11、imb Kilimanjaro .”可知，爬山的人(climbers)可以经历五种生态系统。14A.holding on toBgoing back toCliving up toDgiving way to答案：D联系上文的“It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters”可知，热带雨林在3,000米处突然中止，取而代之的是生长着低矮植物的土地。give way to意为“被代替”，符合语境。hold on to “坚持”；go back to “回到”；live up to “不辜负”。15A.changesBclearsCimprovesDpermits答案：A上文介绍
12、了五种生态系统中的两种，再联系下文的“low clouds envelop the mountainsides”可知，在这里气候又发生了变化(change)。16A.matchBimagineCcountDadd答案：C联系空后的“twelve shades of green”可知，作者数出了(count)12种绿色。17A.villageBdesertCroadDlake答案：B联系冒号后的“gravel, stones and rocks”可知，4,000米以上是荒漠(desert)。18A.ObviouslyBEasilyCConsequentlyDFinally答案：D上文介绍了从山下
13、到山上的五个生态系统，所以这里说最后(finally)爬到了一个像北极圈一样的区域。19A.permanentBlittleCfreshDartificial答案：A联系空前的“climb into an arcticlike zone”可知，攀登者到了一个像北极圈的地方，所以这里是指常年积雪。permanent意为“永久的，永恒的”，符合语境。20A.enjoyBdeserveCsaveDacquire答案：B联系下文的“I found the opposite to be true.”可知，作者在这里进行反问：乞力马扎罗山真的应得(deserve)游人如织，破坏了其平和景象的拥挤山脉这一名
14、声吗？deserve its reputation “担当起某种声誉”。.阅读理解(2019浙江高考)California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor (因素)The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 squ
15、are miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern Cal
16、ifornia the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with
17、 small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源)But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodc
18、utting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such t
19、hings as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪)Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water
20、supply available to trees during the dry season.篇章导读：本文是一篇调查报告。调查表明，加利福尼亚州的大树变少了，而气候变化是其中的一个主要因素。1What is the second paragraph mainly about?AThe seriousness of bigtree loss in California.BThe increasing variety of California big trees.CThe distribution of big trees in California forests.DThe influen
21、ce of farming on big trees in California.答案：A主旨大意题。第二段中通过列举一系列数字表明，加利福尼亚州的大树减少的严重性，故A项正确。2Which of the following is wellintentioned but may be bad for big trees?AEcological studies of forests.BBanning woodcutting.CLimiting housing development.DFire control measures.答案：D推理判断题。文章第三段提到了造成加利福尼亚州的大树减少的三个
22、因素：woodcutters，housing development与aggressive wildfire control。前两个因素直接与大树的减少有关，如果能控制住，大树就不会减少；而第三个因素控制野火的措施使得加利福尼亚州的森林里满是跟大树争夺资源的小树，初衷是为了控制野火，这是好的，实则对大树不利，故D项正确。3What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?AInadequate snowmelt.BA longer dry season.CA warmer climate.DDampness of
23、 the air.答案：C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“. the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures .”可知，水资源不足的主要原因就是气温升高，即更加温暖的气候，故C项正确。4What can be a suitable title for the text?ACalifornias Forests：Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?BCutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in Cali
24、fornia SoonCWhy Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?DPatrick McIntyre：Grow More Big Trees in California答案：A标题判断题。本文是一篇调查报告，第一段就点出主题：California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s。后面具体分析了加利福尼亚州大树的现状、造成大树减少的原因等，故A项作为标题最合适。(2020“皖豫联盟体”高中毕业班第一次考试)City trees grow faster and die youn
25、ger than trees in rural forestry, a new study finds. Over their lifetimes，then, urban trees will likely absorb less CO2 from the air than forest trees.As we all know, the earth would be freezing or burning hot without CO2. However, CO2 is a greenhouse gas, meaning it traps energy from the sun as hea
26、t. That makes temperatures near the ground rise. Human activities, especially the widespread burning of fossil (化石) fuels, have been sending extra greenhouse gases into the air. This has led to a rise in average temperatures across the globe.Studies had shown forests readily absorb CO2，but there had
27、nt been much data on whether city trees grow, die and absorb CO2 at the same rate as forest trees do. So some researchers decided to find out.To figure out how quickly trees were growing, researchers tracked their diameters (the width of their trunks) between 2005 and 2014. A trees diameter increase
28、s as it grows, just as a persons waist size increases as they gain weight. About half the weight of a tree is carbon, research has shown. Most of the rest is water. Over the nine years tracking, the researchers found city trees absorbed four times as much carbon from the air as forest trees. However
29、, they were twice as likely to die. So over the lifetime of each type of tree, forest trees actually absorbed more CO2.City trees grew faster because they had less competition for light from their neighbors. In a forest, trees tend to grow close together，shading their neighbors. Street trees also be
30、nefit from higher levels of nitrogen (氮) in rainwater. Nitrogen helps plants grow. Waste gases from gasburning cars also contain nitrogen, thus enriching city air with nitrogen. Later, rainwater may wash much of it to the ground. Some street trees may also have better access to water than trees in t
31、he country because the underground water pipes can leak.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了一项新的研究发现：与长在森林中的树木相比，城市里的树木长得更快，但死得更早。5What can be known about CO2 from Paragraph 2?AIt is one of the side effects of greenhouses.BIt greatly accelerates the process of global warming.CIt results from the widespread burning o
32、f fossil fuels.DIt prevents the earth from becoming unsuitable to live on.答案：D推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“the earth would be freezing or burning hot without CO2”可知，如果没有二氧化碳，地球将会极冷或极热。由此可以推断，二氧化碳可以防止地球变得不适合居住。6Why did researchers track the diameters of trees?ATo know about their growth rates.BTo find out how muc
33、h they weigh.CTo check whether they were healthy.DTo assess the carbon amounts in them.答案：A细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“To figure out how quickly trees were growing，researchers tracked their diameters”可知，研究人员监测树木的直径是为了了解树木的生长速度。7What advantage do city trees have over forest trees?AThey are more likely to access
34、growth promoters.BThey can enjoy more water coming from the air.CThey can enjoy more shade from neighbors.DThey are better at competing for light.答案：A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，与生长在森林中的树木相比，城市里的树木长得更快是因为它们无需与邻近的树木争夺光照，也能得到更多的氮量，还更容易得到水。由此可以推断，城市里的树木比森林中的树木更可能获得生长促进剂。8What will probably be talked about if th
35、e passage is continued?AHow urban trees can live longer.BWhy city living makes trees die young.CHow trees respond to dry soil conditions.DWhy fastergrowing trees absorb more CO2.答案：B推理判断题。文章首句就提到了一项新的研究结果：城市里的树木比森林中的树木长得更快，但死得更早。文章最后一段介绍了城市里的树木比森林中的树木生长得更快的几个原因。由此可以推断，文章接下来很可能就要介绍城市里的树木死得更早的原因。.短文改错
36、Im Li Hua, student from Hong Xing School. Ive heard that capital volunteers is wanted in the winter holidays. Im writing to apply to the position advertised online.I think I can do the job well. First, I can to speak English fluently, that enables me to communicate well with foreigners. Besides, I h
37、ave a good knowledges of the Forbidden City and other places of interest. Im willing to spreading Chinese culture to the world. Whats more, I have similar experiences, making it possibly for me to do it well.Id appreciate them if I could be accepted. I will try your best. Im looking forward to your
38、reply.答案：Im Li Hua, student from Hong Xing School. Ive heard that capital volunteers wanted in the winter holidays. Im writing to apply the position advertised online.I think I can do the job well. First, I can speak English fluently, enables me to communicate well with foreigners. Besides, I have a
39、 good of the Forbidden City and other places of interest. Im willing to Chinese culture to the world. Whats more, I have similar experiences, making it for me to do it well.Id appreciate if I could be accepted. I will try best. Im looking forward to your reply.1student前加a考查冠词。student为可数名词，此处表示“一个学生”
40、，应在student前加a。2isare考查主谓一致。句子的主语“capital volunteers”是复数名词。3tofor考查介词。apply for意为“申请”，而apply to意为“应用于”。4删除to考查情态动词。can为情态动词，后接动词原形。5thatwhich考查定语从句的引导词。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句所述内容，关系词应用which。6knowledgesknowledge考查名词。因为knowledge是不可数名词，没有复数形式。7spreadingspread考查动词的用法。be willing to do sth. “愿意做某事”，为固定短语，故改为动词原形spread。8possiblypossible考查形容词。此处作动词make的宾语补足语。用形容词作宾语补足语，说明宾语的属性。9themit考查代词。“Id appreciate it if .”是固定句型，it指代if引导的从句的内容。10yourmy考查代词。因为主语是I，物主代词应当与主语呼应。
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