1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家题型介绍：议论文是英语中的重要文体，在每年的高考阅读理解中占有一定的比例。相对于其它文体，议论文阅读要难一些，因此要多加重视。议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。命题形式：从近几年观的高考英语试题来看，议论文类阅读理解的命题类型主要有：1. 主旨题考查考生对于议论文基本观点的理解，是主旨题设题的目的。做这种类型的题目要弄清作者想说什么，即作者写此文章的目的。2. 推理判断题这种题型的特点是以事实为依据，但其结果有绝不是事实本身。它主要测试考生的逻辑思维能力，侧重于
2、推理。3. 细节题细节题也是议论文试题的主要题型。这种题要求考生理解文中的具体观点和具体事实。三、议论文阅读理解题解题技巧第一，抓论点、寻论据阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把我了中心。第二，注重文章结构，理清文章脉络。把握文章结构，有利于对文章大意的理解。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：1. Put forward a question Analyze the question Solve the question这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程。2. Argument/Idea Evidence Conclu
3、sion/Restating the idea这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。第三，体会文章语言特点，把握作者写作态度，准确进行推理判断。能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。解题技巧：解答此类试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：作者在开始叙述一个现象，然后对现象进行解释。这类文章的主题是文中最重要的解释或作者所强调的解释，
4、阅读时要注意作者给出的原因，所以又被称为原因结果（Cause & Effect）型。还有一种比较常见的是问题答案型，作者在一开始或一段末以问句提出一个问题（相当于一个现象），然后给出该问题的答案（相当于解释）。针对文中问题给出的主要答案就是这种文章的中心。这里强调一点:答题时优先考虑正面答题(直接从文章内容得出答案) ，然后从中心、态度或利用解的特征等其他角度对选项进行检验;如果从文章内容中直接无法解决，则从中心和态度方面考虑;次之从解的特征方面考虑。考生往往最怕此类体裁。山穷水尽时，记住：首先从整体上把握文章中心和作者所持的态度，靠近中心的就是答案体验高考1.【2015浙江】AFrom th
5、e very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud, before the teacher and other children, so that we can be sure they “know” all the words they are reading. This means that when they don
6、t know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years, I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.One day soon after school had star
7、ted, I said to them, “Now Im going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the book
8、s or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, thats enough for me. Also Im not going to ask you what words mean. “The children sat stunned and silent. Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard ti
9、me, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished. Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, Mr Holt, do you really mean that?” I said just as seriously, “I mean every word of it.During the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk, From a gli
10、mpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, “It cant be,” and went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick , in edition with woodcuts. I said, “Dont you find parts of it rather heavy going?” She answered, Oh, sure, but I just skip over those
11、parts and go on to the next good part. “This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is, an exciting, joyous adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else. How different is our mean-spirited, pi
12、cky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of “understanding” that can be dug out of a book.41. According to the passage, childrens fear and dislike of books may result from_.A. reading little and thinking little B. reading often and adventurouslyC. being made to read too muchD. bei
13、ng made to read aloud before others42. The teacher told his students to read_ .A. for enjoyment B. for knowledgeC. for a larger vocabulary D. for higher scores in exams43. Upon hearing the teachers talk, the children probably felt that_.A. it sounded stupidB. it was not surprising at allC. it sounde
14、d too good to be trueD. it was no different from other teachers talk44. Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?A. She skipped over those easy parts while reading.B. She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.C. She learned to appreciate some p
15、arts of the difficult books.D. She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.45. From the teachers point of view,_ .A. children cannot tell good parts from bad parts while readingB. children should be left to decide what to read and how to readC. reading is never a pleasant and insp
16、iring experience in schoolD. reading involves understanding every little piece of information42.A 细节理解题 根据第二段作者的话“Now Im going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only f
17、or pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, thats enough for me. Also Im not going to ask you what words mean.”“,but I want you to read them only for pleasure.” 意为“现
18、在我要说一些关于阅读的事情，你可能从来没有听说过一个老师说。我希望你读很多书，但今年，我想让你读书只为乐趣。我不想问你问题，是否理解文章。如果你足够理解一个喜欢这本书，想去读它，这对我来说已经足够了。我也不想问你单词的意思。” 在这里enjoyment，enjoy和pleasure是同义词。所以答案选A43.C细节理解题 根据“The children sat stunned and silent. 孩子们震惊和沉默地坐着。”第三段第四行“seriously, Mr. Holt, do you really mean that?”不能得出答案。当老师说了这些话之后，孩子们都很震惊耶，很奇怪，所
19、以他会确定问老师是不是真的这样？这表明学生是很不太相信的。答案选项的it sounded too good to be true，意为听起来太好了以致不相信这是真的。44.C细节理解题这种题目是判断正误题，答题时一定要细心选择是错误还是正确的。此题选择的是正确的，也就意味着有3个是错误，只有一个是正确的。根据第四段最后一句话“She answered, Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part. “她回答说，哦，当然，但我只是跳过这些部分，继续读下一个好的部分。“可以得出答案是这个女孩知
20、道如何欣赏这些文章。45.B细节理解题 四个选项的意思分别是A孩子在阅读的时候不能够区别好的部分以及不好的部分；B应该留给学生孩子自己去选择，读什么以及如何读；C在学校阅读永远不会是一个愉快和启发性的体验；D阅读需要理解每一部分的信息。其实根据常识可以判断C和D是错误的，然后再结合全文大意，作者认为孩子不应该是强迫去读，要让他们自己读，选择材料读。【考点定位】 这是一篇记叙文。【名师点睛】 记叙文的文章相对而言是比较容易做的，细节题占多数，但需要的是一个细心。答案都是在文章中可以找到，必须一个一个选项匹配排除，最终才能够得出最佳答案。当遇到答案比较接近的时候，尤其需要细心，比如说41题的CD选
21、项，两者都用到了being made to read。其实这种表达也间接说明了答案就是在两个中选择一个。2.【2015安徽】C As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the
22、Internet is changing what we remember and how. In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of p
23、eople understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it. In anot
24、her experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they
25、do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called transactive memory (交互记忆). According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are
26、learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesnt mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.64. The passage begins with two questions to _. A. introduce the
27、main topic B. show the authors altitudeC. describe how to use the Interne. D. explain how to store information65. What can we learn about the first experiment?A. Sparrows team typed the information into a computer. B. The two groups remembered the information equally well.C. The first group did not
28、try to remember the formation. D. The second group did not understand the information.66. In transactive memory, people _.A. keep the information in mind B. change the quantity of information C. organize information like a computer D. remember how to find the information67. What is the effect of the
29、 Internet according to Sparrows research? A. We are using memory differently.B. We are becoming more intelligent.C. We have poorer memories than before.D. We need a better way to access information.【答案】64. A65. C66. D67. A65. C 细节理解题。根据第二段“People in the first group knew they could find the informati
30、on again, so they did not try to remember it.”可知答案。66. D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called transactive memory (交互记忆)”可知，在交互记忆里，人们记得怎样找到信息。67. A 细节理解题。根据最后一段“but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing”可知，互联网对人们的记忆产生的影响是它改变了我们使用记忆力的方式。【考点定位】心理类短文阅读【名师
31、点睛】一般来说，举例的目的是为了引出即将讨论的话题，可以从例子后面找到总结性的话语。“Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.”就是举例的意图。后三道题都属于细节理解题，可以直接从文章找到提示性的语句；最后一道题有一定的难度，需要进行一些推理和排除。模拟新题精选1.【辽宁省实验中学分校2016届高三12月月考】“People are ruder today because they are rushed and more time poor than ever before,” say
32、s Patsy Rowe, “ Manners have fallen off the radar(雷达).” Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment it is a wonder that more people dont wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with complaining about the noise. Here are some examples of rudeness.Some people prefer to do almost ever
33、ything over the Internet. To them, dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward. It feels very slow because humans dont work at 4G speeds. When you have dinner with friends, you will often notice someone paying more attention to his mobile phone. We have programmed ourselves to
34、 think that every new message brings life-changing news, so taking calls and checking our texts are more important than talking to the people we are with. What is worse, some people even tend to send anonymous（匿名的）rude messages by email.However, rudeness is never acceptable. Dont assume it is OK to
35、be rude if the person youre in touch with wont recognize you. If you have something awful to say, have the courage to face the person and say it, write a letter or email and sign it, or forget it. Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.We shouldnt blame technology for our sh
36、ortcomings. Technology is here to help us, but we should not allow it to take over our lives. An important step is acknowledging our shortcomings. People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if wed publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them.28What ca
37、n be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?A. People can tell good from bad behavior.B. Radar is able to observe human behavior.C. People care little about their behavior.D. Radar can be used to predict human behavior.29Some people are less willing to deal with humans because_.A. they
38、 are becoming less patientB. they are growing too independentC. they have to handle many important messagesD. they have to follow an evolutionary step backward.30The author thinks sending unsigned awful messages is _.A. Ridiculous B. disgusting C. acceptable D. reasonable31What can we learn from the
39、 last paragraph?A. We should applaud good behavior.B. Technology can never be blamedC. We should keep pointing out mistakes.D. Technology will take over lives one day.28. C 猜测词义题。根据“ Manners have fallen off the radar(雷达).”礼貌已经从雷达中消失了。该句说明现在很多人都不讲礼貌。结合第一段其余内容可知是在分析人们不讲礼貌的原因。故C正确。29. A 推理题。根据第二段第三句It
40、feels very slow because humans dont work at 4G speeds.可知现在的人不愿意与他人交流主要是因为嫌回应的速度不够，也就是没有耐心。故A正确。30. B 细节题。根据第三段最后一句Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.可知发匿名短信给别人是令人厌恶的事情。故B正确。31. A 推理题。根据文章最后一句People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more he
41、lpful if wed publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them.可知如果我们看见好的行为，表扬这些好的行为更重要。因为弘扬正能量比批评糟糕的行为更有意义。故A正确。考点：考查社会现象类短文2.【吉林省东北师范大学附属中学2016届高三上学期第二次模拟】An environmental group called the Food Commission is unhappy and disappointed because of the sales of bottled water from Japan. The water, it
42、angrily argues in public, has traveled 10,000 “food miles” before it reached Western customers. Transporting water halfway across the world is surely the extremely stupid use of fuel when there is plenty of water in the UK. It is also worrying that we were wasting our fuel by buying prawns from Indo
43、nesia (7,000 food miles ) and carrots from South Africa (5,900 food miles). Counting the number of miles traveled done by a product is a strange way of trying to tell the true situation of the environmental damage due to industry. Most food is transported around the world on container ships that are
44、 extremely energy efficient. It should be noticed that a ton of butter transported 25 miles in a truck to a farmers market doesnt necessarily use less fuel on its journey than a similar product transported hundreds of miles by sea. Besides, the idea of “food miles” ignores the amount of fuel used in
45、 the production. It is possible to cut down your food miles by buying tomatoes grown in Britain rather than those grown in Ghana. The difference is that the British ones will have been raised in heated greenhouse and the Ghanaian ones in the open sun.What is the idea of “food miles” does provide, ho
46、wever, is the chance to cut out Third World countries from First World food markets. The number of miles traveled by our food should, as I see it, be regarded as a sign of the success of the global trade system, not a sign of damage to the environment.32. The Food Commission is angry because it thin
47、ks that _. A. UK wastes a lot of money importing food products B. some imported goods causes environmental damage C. growing certain vegetables causes environmental damage D. people wasted energy buying food from other countries33. The phrase “food miles” in the passage refers to the distance _. A.
48、that a food product travels to a market B. that a food product travels from one market to another C. between UK and other food producing countries D. between a Third World country and a First World food market34. By comparing tomatoes raised in Britain and in Ghana, the author tries to explain that
49、_. A. British tomatoes are healthier than Ghanaian ones B. Ghanaian tomatoes taste better than tomatoes ones C. cutting down food miles may not necessarily save fuel D. protecting the environment may cost a lot of money35. From the passage we know that the author is most probably _. A. a supporter o
50、f free global trade B. a member of a Food Commission C. a supporter of First World food markets D. a member of an energy development group【解析】试题分析：本文为议论文，作者论述把环境的破坏归因于产品从生产到市场的距离是相当的奇怪，相反的产品从生产到市场的公里数是世界贸易体系成功的标志。32D 考查细节理解。在第一段第一句找到题目关键词“Food Commission”，第二句找到关键词“angrily”向下继续研读，根据第三，第四句“Transportin
51、g water halfway across the world is surely theextremely stupid use of fuel when there is plenty of water in the UK. It is also worrying that we were wasting ourfuel by buying prawns from Indonesia (7,000 food miles ) and carrots from South Africa (5,900 food miles).”既然英国有大量的水资源，那么跨越半个地球把水运到英国肯定是极愚蠢的
52、燃料利用。我们浪费燃料来从印度尼西亚从南非购买胡萝卜是令人担忧的。故选D。33A 考查细节理解。从第一段第二句“has traveled 10,000 “food miles” before it reached Western customers.”到达西方消费者之前，已经走了一万公里的“食物里程”。可见“food miles”指的是到达消费市场的路程。故选A。34C 考查细节理解。从第二段第三句中“market doesnt necessarily use less fuel”第四句“.Besides, the idea of “food miles” ignores the amount
53、 of fuel used in the production. 可知，除此之外“食物公里”的观点忽视了在生产过程中的燃料耗费量，减少食物里程在珍惜燃料方面是不必的。故选C。35A 考查推理判断题。从第二段第一句“Counting the number of miles traveled done by a product is a strange way of trying to tell the true situation of the environmental damage due to industry.”和第三段第二句“The number of miles traveled b
54、y our food should, as I see it, be regarded as a sign of the success of the global trade system, not a sign of damage to the environment.照我看来，食物的公里数应该被认为是经济全球化的一个成功的标志而不是环境破坏的标志。可知，作者是贸易全球化自由化的支持者。故选A。考点：考查议论文阅读3.【宁夏银川市第二中学2016届高三上学期统练（五）】The largest land animal remaining on the earth, the African e
55、lephant is of much importance to African ecosystem. Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a giant plant-eater, it significantly shapes the forest-and-savanna (大草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore deciding the conditions of existe
56、nce for millions of other animals that live in its habitat. It is the elephants great desire for food that makes it both a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and unde
57、rbushes, as well as pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerous open spaces in not only deep tropical forests but also the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth, which attract a variety of other plant-eaters
58、. Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants create open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situati
59、ons, the forests become suitable for large-hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small-sized plant-eaters to obtain their food as well. Scientists are worried now that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant dies out, scientists say, many other animals will also d
60、isappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem. 29. What is the passage mainly about?A.Disappearance of African elephants.B.Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants.C.The effect of African elephants search for food.D.The eating habit
61、of African elephants.30. The African elephant influences the ecosystem in the following ways except that . A. it creates open areas in deep tropical forests as well as woodlands B. it pulls off the branches and leaves, shutting out the sunshine C. its eating habit can be made use of by large-hoofed
62、and small-sized animals D. it encourages some kinds of plants growing in an indirect way31. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Numerous grown plants are the favorites of plant-eaters. B. The extinction of the African elephant has nothing to do with the ecosystem.
63、 C. Quantities of plants are consumed by African elephants, including branches and underbushes. D. The forest floor in rain forests is scarcely dotted with new shoots. 32. The passage is developed mainly by .A. presenting the changes in time order B. making comparisons and giving examplesC. classify
64、ing similarities and differences D. showing the effect and then explaining the reasons 【解析】试题分析：本文主要叙述的是非洲大象对于非洲草原的生态系统有巨大的影响，同时分析了原因。29. C 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是非洲大象对于非洲生态系统的重要作用，非洲大象在寻找食物的时候会把很多树木掀翻，这样就给地表植物带来阳光的照射。这对整个非洲草原的生态系统影响很大。故C正确。30. B 细节题。根据第三段1、2句Take the rain forests for example. In their natur
65、al state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants create open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor.可知树枝会遮住阳光，让地表植物无法生长。非洲大象把树木掀翻，这就给地表植物吸收阳光带来了机会。C项的说法与之相反。故C项说法是错误的。
66、4.【安徽省合肥一中、芜湖一中等六校教育研究会2016届高三第一次联考】School children are using mobile phone applications to do their homework, which seem to be increasing during summer vacations. But instead of blaming students for their behavior, we should say no to too much homework. This is important because by using mobile phon
67、e applications to do their homework, students dont add much to their knowledge, says an article in Guangzhou-based Yangcheng Evening News. Excerpts (摘录): Using mobile phone applications to do homework is no different from copying from someone elses work. This is the opinion of a vast majority of tea
68、chers. Students who seek cell phone apps help to do their homework will pay dearly during major exams when they cannot seek the help of such applications, the teachers say. The heavy load of homework Chinese students are burdened with, said to be the heaviest in the world,has led to the popularity o
69、f these applications. Senior high school students in China rarely go to bed before 11 pm. A report in Shanghai published in2013 showed that students in the city on average spend 28.2 hours in class every week, the 9th highest among 65 countries and regions surveyed. Also, they spend an average of 13
70、.8 hours a week doing homework, most in the world. There is no association between the amount of homework one does and the amount of knowledge one gathers. In fact, a research by Australian experts shows that the result is exactly the opposite: the more hours students spend doing homework, the less
71、effective they will be in gaining knowledge. The United States is one of the countries where students do little homework, but that has not damaged the countrys academic status in the world. So, its time Chinese schools understood this fact and freed students of the unnecessary burden of homework.28.
72、 Whats the writers attitude toward the students using mobile phone applications to do their homework? A. Supporting B. Understanding C. Scolding D. Praising29. The cause of the students using mobile phone applications to do their homework is_. A. the heavy burden of homework B. the advance of modern
73、 technology C. the pressure of the students parents D. the influence of other countries30. What does the underlined phrase “pay dearly” mean? A. be rewarded B. be dismissed C. provide much money D. suffer a lot31. Which of the following is probably the best title? A. Free kids of the burden of homew
74、ork. B. Stop using mobile phones to do homework. C. Spend less time to gain much knowledge.D. Improve Chinas academic status in the world.【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇议论文，介绍了由于学生作业太多，学习负担太重而开始使用手机应用程序完成作业这种现象。由此发出号召，要求学校认真对待这种现象，减轻学生课业负担。28.B态度观点题。根据第一段中 But instead of blaming students for their behavior, we shoul
75、d say no to too much homework.和下文作者呼吁减轻课业负担的内容判断作者对于学生们用手机应用程序做作业是理解的，故选B。29.A细节理解题。根据第三段The heavy load of homework Chinese students are burdened with, said to be the heaviest in the world,has led to the popularity of these applications.可知作业太多是造成这种状况的原因，故选A。30.D推理判断题。从文章第一段This is important because
76、by using mobile phone applications to do their homework, students dont add much to their knowledge可知学生用手机应用程序做作业不会增长知识，由此判断当考试不能使用手机的时候，学生会受害不浅，考试不及格，选D。31.A 主旨大意题。文章通过介绍学生使用手机应用程序完成作业这件事而引出减轻学生作业负担这一话题，由此判断选A。考点：考查教育类短文阅读【名师点睛】推理判断题是历届高考英语的命题集中点，包括判断和推理两个方面。属于深层理解题，一般难度较高，得分率较低，其比例约占30%40%。解题思路：此类题
77、型主要包括细节判断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断题、文章出处判断题和猜测想象推断题。细节推断题此类题型要理清语篇关系，根据文章提供的时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等信息或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。态度观点推断题做这一类题时一定要注意：由表及里地正确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。写作意图推断题在做这类题时要注意文中出现的表示原因、结果以及目的的词语，比如the reason why is that; so .that;that is why .;in order to do 等，正确把握文章的内涵，理解作者真正想要表达的思想。文章出处判断题做这类题时
78、要根据文章的内容或文中出现的某些信息词（如research ,blog , reader, news，click等）来判断文章是关于新闻、科学研究、调查报告、广告、娱乐或者是生活常识等，从而判断其出处。常用的文体有a news report ; an ad; a geography book ; a website ; a booklet 等。本题中第30题就是通过情理的推测判断学生用手机应用程序做作业不会增长知识，由此判断当考试不能使用手机的时候，学生会受害不浅，考试不及格。而第28题属于态度观点的推断，这时要注意作者的措辞，包括描写环境气氛，表达感情、态度观点和心理的形容词、副词、动词以及
79、所举的例子，从而推断出作者的弦外之音。我们从blame和too much等词判断作者对太多的作业持批评的态度。5.【吉林省东北师范大学附属中学2016届高三上学期第二次模拟】An environmental group called the Food Commission is unhappy and disappointed because of the sales of bottled water from Japan. The water, it angrily argues in public, has traveled 10,000 “food miles” before it re
80、ached Western customers. Transporting water halfway across the world is surely the extremely stupid use of fuel when there is plenty of water in the UK. It is also worrying that we were wasting our fuel by buying prawns from Indonesia (7,000 food miles ) and carrots from South Africa (5,900 food mil
81、es). Counting the number of miles traveled done by a product is a strange way of trying to tell the true situation of the environmental damage due to industry. Most food is transported around the world on container ships that are extremely energy efficient. It should be noticed that a ton of butter
82、transported 25 miles in a truck to a farmers market doesnt necessarily use less fuel on its journey than a similar product transported hundreds of miles by sea. Besides, the idea of “food miles” ignores the amount of fuel used in the production. It is possible to cut down your food miles by buying t
83、omatoes grown in Britain rather than those grown in Ghana. The difference is that the British ones will have been raised in heated greenhouse and the Ghanaian ones in the open sun.What is the idea of “food miles” does provide, however, is the chance to cut out Third World countries from First World
84、food markets. The number of miles traveled by our food should, as I see it, be regarded as a sign of the success of the global trade system, not a sign of damage to the environment.32. The Food Commission is angry because it thinks that _. A. UK wastes a lot of money importing food products B. some
85、imported goods causes environmental damage C. growing certain vegetables causes environmental damage D. people wasted energy buying food from other countries33. The phrase “food miles” in the passage refers to the distance _. A. that a food product travels to a market B. that a food product travels
86、from one market to another C. between UK and other food producing countries D. between a Third World country and a First World food market34. By comparing tomatoes raised in Britain and in Ghana, the author tries to explain that _. A. British tomatoes are healthier than Ghanaian ones B. Ghanaian tom
87、atoes taste better than tomatoes ones C. cutting down food miles may not necessarily save fuel D. protecting the environment may cost a lot of money35. From the passage we know that the author is most probably _. A. a supporter of free global trade B. a member of a Food Commission C. a supporter of
88、First World food markets D. a member of an energy development group33A 考查细节理解。从第一段第二句“has traveled 10,000 “food miles” before it reached Western customers.”到达西方消费者之前，已经走了一万公里的“食物里程”。可见“food miles”指的是到达消费市场的路程。故选A。34C 考查细节理解。从第二段第三句中“market doesnt necessarily use less fuel”第四句“.Besides, the idea of “
89、food miles” ignores the amount of fuel used in the production. 可知，除此之外“食物公里”的观点忽视了在生产过程中的燃料耗费量，减少食物里程在珍惜燃料方面是不必的。故选C。35A 考查推理判断题。从第二段第一句“Counting the number of miles traveled done by a product is a strange way of trying to tell the true situation of the environmental damage due to industry.”和第三段第二句“
90、The number of miles traveled by our food should, as I see it, be regarded as a sign of the success of the global trade system, not a sign of damage to the environment.照我看来，食物的公里数应该被认为是经济全球化的一个成功的标志而不是环境破坏的标志。可知，作者是贸易全球化自由化的支持者。故选A。考点：考查议论文阅读6.【2016丰台区高三上英语期末试题】On a dark night, 11-year-old Joe was pl
91、aying hide-and-seek with his friends in the backyard when he thought he saw Magellana huge housecat. However, when the cat suddenly jumped on his head, Joe found it turned out a young cougar. He backed away from the animal, then turned and ran inside the house. Cougar encounters like this one are be
92、coming increasingly common in the U.S. Most people assume thats because cougar populations are growing, or because the big cats are coming into closer contact with the expanding web of human suburbs. But Professor Robert Wielgus at Washington State University argues that poorly designed hunting poli
93、cies might be causing an increase in cougar-human conflicts.Wielguss research teams have been fitting the big cats with radio collars and monitoring their movements. They find that the cougar population is actually declining rapidly and almost no male cougars are over four years of age. And a study
94、shows that the heavily hunted area has five times as many cougar complaints as the lightly hunted areaeven though the density of cougars is about the same in both areas. Wielgus suspects that hunting policies, which allow older males to be killed to keep cougar populations in check, were the culprit
95、 and teenage cougars in the heavily hunted area may be responsible for most of the trouble. To test his theory, he adds two more groups of cougars to the tracking programone in a heavily hunted area and another in a comparable but lightly hunted area. He concludes that heavy hunting indeed almost wi
96、pes out older males and the population structure in the heavily hunted area shifts toward younger animals. With these findings, Wielgus believes without adults to keep them under control, the disorderly teens are more likely to come into conflict with humans, farm animals and pets. Wielguss ideas do
97、nt sit well with everyone. “Hunting definitely does cause lots of teenage males to flow in, but I dont yet see solid proof that they are more likely to cause trouble than older cats,”says the University of Montanas Robinson. “In many cases, the new arrivals have been squeezed out of remote wildernes
98、s habitat and forced into areas where they are more likely to encounter humans. I think humans are primarily responsible for all the interaction you see. Were moving into these areas where cougars and deer are,” according to Alldredge, a researcher at the Colorado Division of Wildlife.We may not und
99、erstand what makes 18-year-old males more likely than 48-year-old men to do dangerous things, Wielgus says, but we know that the world would be a different place, if teenagers were in charge.67. The passage begins with a story to _. A. lead into the topic B. describe an incident C. show the authors
100、attitude D. warn of the dangers of cougars68. The underline word “culprit” in Para.4 is closest in meaning to _. A. effectB. evidence C.targetD. cause69. Which of the following is true? A. Alldredge agrees hunting results in the arrival of lots of teens. B. Robinson doubts age is a key factor in hum
101、an-cougar conflicts.C. Alldredge believes killing older males may cause a bigger threat.D. Robinson holds humans are to blame for the fall of older males. 70. What might Wielgus suggest to reduce cougar attacks? A. Driving teenage cougars back into their natural habitat. B. Getting people to move ou
102、t of the areas where cougars are.C. Forbidding children to play in the backyard by themselves.D. Revising hunting policies to ensure a healthy cougar population. 【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇议论文，人们对美洲狮出现在居民区的原因的争论。67.A考查推理判断题。通过第二段第一句 “Cougar encounters like this one are becoming increasingly common in the U.S.”可知
103、第一段的故事是引出话题，选A。68.D考查词义猜测题。根据第六段第二句“Hunting definitely does cause lots of teenage males to flow in,”捕猎肯定造成小美洲豹的涌入。可知这里指的是原因。选B。69.B 考查细节题。根据第六段第三句“In many cases, the new arrivals have been squeezed out of remote wilderness habitat and forced into areas where they are more likely to encounter humans.
104、 I think humans are primarily responsible for all the interaction you see. Were moving into these areas where cougars and deer are,” according to Alldredge,。可知A错误。 第六段第二句“Hunting definitely does cause lots of teenage males to flow in, but I dont yet see solid proof that they are more likely to cause
105、 trouble than older cats,”says the University of Montanas Robinson.可知B正确。选B 。70.D考查推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Wielgus suspects that hunting policies, which allow older males to be killed to keep cougar populations in check, were the culprit and teenage cougars in the heavily hunted area may be responsible for mo
106、st of the trouble. 可知Wielgus怀疑捕杀老的雄性美洲狮的政策是造成小美洲狮闯入居民区原因。所以答案选D.考点：考查议论文阅读7.【2016海 淀 区 高 三 年 级 第 一 学 期 期 末】Conventional wisdom is a major barrier to innovation that threatens the survival of companies everywhere. Its based on the assumption that old ideas will always work, so they shouldnt be challe
107、nged. While this may be a valid assumption in situations that dont change, its unlikely to hold true in a changing situation. In todays rapid changing global environment, old methods often dont work, and stubbornly using them can lead to major problems.Most people seem to agree with conventional wis
108、dom because it gives one a false sense of security. If everyone else believes it, then it must be true. Individuals who use conventional wisdom are certain that they are right, and being right is good. They want to continue using old ideas rather than take risks with changes that might not work. In
109、1977, Ken Olsen, co-founder and CEO of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), stated “There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home.” Despite being a dominant leader in the computer industry, DEC no longer exists.People seem to forget that since innovation is a change, there can
110、 be no innovation without change. Unfortunately, conventional wisdom prevents leaders, followers and companies from changing and therefore innovating. If companies dont innovate, but their competitors do, the future is likely to be problematic. Breaking from conventional wisdom has led to many of th
111、e most innovative companies and products in history across many industries, so it has a powerful effect on business success.Ted Turner (founder of CNN) knew little, if anything, about the news business, but he knew it was inconvenient to watch news only at the dinner hour, as was common before CNN.
112、Turners solution was to create a cable channel dedicated to news 24 hours a day. The news establishment reflected conventional wisdom at the time, and predicted his idea would fail because no one wanted to watch the news all day. However, it doesnt take a rocket scientist to understand that viewers
113、dont have to watch the news all day for the CNN to work. Viewers just have to watch when they want to get information. Due to conventional thinking, the critics failed to recognize the opportunity that was clear to Ted. They assumed that only what was familiar to them could work in the future.Conven
114、tional wisdom prevents creativity, flexibility and risk-taking, so unconventional leaders enthusiastically break from it. To survive, thrive and maintain competitive advantage, companies must be flexible when reacting to change. 67. DEC has disappeared probably because _. A. the consumers didnt like
115、 its products B. the leaders lacked the sense of security C. the CEO stuck to the conventional ideas D. the employees took many risks with changes68. The founding of CNN is used as an example to prove _. A. missing opportunities could lead to failure B. changing could contribute to business success
116、C. watching news at the dinner hour is convenient D. conventional wisdom influences business success69. What does the underlined part probably mean? A. Rocket scientists can ensure the CNN works properly. B. Most of the viewers dont like to watch the news at work. C. Its necessary to understand when
117、 people watch the news. D. Its easy to know people neednt watch the news all the time.70. The passage is mainly written to tell us that _. A. old methods are changing with time B. opportunities lead to business success C. conventional wisdom limits innovation D. successful companies need wise leader
118、s68B考查隐义推断。根据第四段第一句Ted Turner (founder of CNN) knew little, if anything, about the news business, but he knew it was inconvenient to watch news only at the dinner hour, as was common before CNN.可知CNN的创始人Ted Turner知道只在晚饭看新闻是不方便的。所以接下来就有了CNN，所以说改变是有益于生意的发展。故选B。69.D考查细节理解。根据划线句子it doesnt take a rocket
119、scientist to understand that viewers dont have to watch the news all day for the CNN to work.中的“doesnt take a rocket scientist to understand”意为容易理解。故选D。70.C考查意图推断。根据最后一段Conventional wisdom prevents creativity, flexibility and risk-taking, so unconventional leaders enthusiastically break from it. To
120、survive, thrive and maintain competitive advantage, companies must be flexible when reacting to change.可知，传统思想阻碍了创造力、灵活性和冒险精神，所以不传统的领导者满腔热情地打破它。为了生存、发展和保持竞争力，公司在应对变化时必须要灵活。故选C。考点：考查经济类阅读理解8.【东城区20152016学年度第一学期高三期末】As people have accurately observed, smiles are absent from early photographs. In 1852,
121、 for instance, a girl sat for herDaguerreotype, her head slightly turned, giving the camera an unsmiling look. She is preserved forever as a very serious girl indeed. Charles Darwin, a loving and playful parent, looks frozen in photographs. Why did our ancestors, from unknown sitters for family port
122、raits(肖像画) to the great and famous, become so sad in front of the camera?That severity is everywhere in Victorian photographs.However, you dont have to look very long at these unsmiling old photos to see how incomplete the seemingly obvious answer is that they are freezing their faces in order to ke
123、ep still for the long exposure times. In Julia Margaret Cameronsportrait of Tennysonthe poet dreams, his face a shadowed mask of genius. This is not simply a technique. Its an emotional choice. People in the past did not go around in a continual state of sorrow. In fact, the Victorians had a sense o
124、f humour even about the darkest aspects of their society.Laughter was not just common in the past but accepted by society far more than it is today, from medieval carnivals(中世纪狂欢节)to Georgian print shops, where people gathered to look atthe latest funnies. Far from preventing festivals and fun, the
125、Victorians, who invented photography, also createdChristmas as a celebration it is today. So the severity of people in 19th-century photographs cannot be the evidence of generalized sadness. This was not a society in permanent desperation. Instead, the true answer has to do with attitudes to portrai
126、ture itself.People who sat for early photographs understood it as a significant moment. Sitting for the camera was cheaper, quicker and meant that people who never had a chance to be painted could now be photographed; but people seem to have taken it seriously in the same way they would be a painted
127、 portrait. Like a portrait painting, it was intended as a timeless record of a person. To me those unsmiling people probably had as much fun as we do, if not more. But they felt no need to prove it with pictures. Instead, when they sat for a photograph, they thought about time, death and memory. Per
128、haps we should stop smiling sometimes, too.67. What do we know about the people in Victorian times?A. They laid importance on religious events.B. They were skilful at portrait painting.C. They valued their family life.D. They enjoyed themselves.68. The author mentions Portrait of Tennyson in Paragra
129、ph 2 to _.A. prove a theoryB. support his opinionC. introduce a paintingD. describe a technique69. The author thinks early people look frozen in old photos because _.A. they lived in a traditional societyB. they had to stay still for a long timeC. they regarded photography importantD. they held nega
130、tive views about painting70. What is the authors attitude towards people not smiling in old photos?A. Sceptical. B. Critical.C. Neutral.D. Positive.【解析】试题分析：本文主要通过作者的视觉剖析了以前的人照相不微笑的原因以及作者对此的看法。67.D考查细节理解。根据文章第三段第三句Laughter was not just common in the past but accepted by society far more than it is t
131、oday。小声在过去不普遍但是比现在更被人接受。故选D。68.B考查观点意图。根据第二段的最后一句This is not simply a technique. Its an emotional choice. 这不仅仅是技术，还是情绪的选择。这就是作者的观点，所以之前说到的Portrait of Tennyson就是为了证明自己的观点。故选B。69.C考查细节理解。根据第四段第一句People who sat for early photographs understood it as a significant moment.以前的人照相的时候知道那是一个重要的时刻。故选C。70.D考查观
132、点意图。根据文章最后一段To me those unsmiling people probably had as much fun as we do, if not more. But they felt no need to prove it with pictures. Instead, when they sat for a photograph, they thought about time, death and memory. Perhaps we should stop smiling sometimes, too.在我看来，那些不笑的人跟我们一样开心，或许更开心。但是他们觉得没
133、有必要用照片去证明。反而，他们坐在相机前面的时候，他们想的是光阴、死亡和回忆。或许我们有时候也应该停止微笑。由此可知作者对以前的人照相不笑这一做法是支持的。故选D。考点：考查社会现象类阅读理解9.【广东省华南师范大学附属中学、广东实验中学、深圳中学、广雅中学四校2016届高三上学期期末联考】When we give our kids holiday gifts, many of us cant wait to hear their appreciative cries of“thank you!” once the wrapping gets ripped off. But heres a t
134、ip: Youd be wise not to expect much gratitude from them for what they receive.Gratitude can make us happier, healthier, and even fitter. But do the kids show their gratitude for the stuff we buy them? All the research Ive done has convinced me that it wont happen. One mom told me that when she asked
135、 her 16-year-old son to thank her for buying him a cellphone, he said, “But thats what moms should do.” From a teenagers angle, its a parents responsibility to take care of the family. According to Dunham, Yales assistant professor of psychology, “When teenagers code it that way, a gift is no longer
136、 something given freely and voluntarily”its just mom and dad living up to their obligation. Parents do have the right to demand good manners and children should thank sincerely whoever gives them something. But kids cant know how blessed they are unless they have a basis for comparison. And they don
137、t learn that by a parent complaining that theyre ungrateful. We need to give our children the gift of a wider world view. Show by example that gratitude isnt aboutstuffwhich ultimately cant make any of us happy anyway.Its about realizing how lucky you are and paying your good fortune forward.You can
138、 collect all the charitable appeals and sit down together with the kids to go through them. You set the budget for giving and the kids decide how its distributed. Once the conversation about gratitude gets started, its much easier to continue all year. Also you can set up a family routine at bedtime
139、 where kids describe three things that have made them grateful. When kids go off to college, you can text them a picture each week of something that inspires your appreciation.Teaching children to focus on the positive and appreciate the good in their lives is perhaps the greatest gift we can give t
140、hem. And we can all learn together that the things that really matter arent on sale at a department store.8. How do children respond when receiving gifts from their parents?A. They show no interest in their parents gifts. B. They cant wait to open their parents gifts.C. They show much gratitude to t
141、heir parents for the gifts.D. They take their parents gifts for granted.9. To make children grateful for what they have, parents should _. A. live up to their obligation B. ask their children to have good mannersC. teach their children by setting an example D. complain their children are ungrateful1
142、0. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?A. No gifts are greater than teaching children to be positive and grateful.B. Children ought to realize how lucky they are to have considerate parents.C. Children are supposed to decide how to distribute their own money D. It is easy for parents to s
143、tart the conversation about gratitude.11. Whats the purpose of the author writing this text?A. To explain the reason why children offer no gratitude to their parents.B. To give advice to parents on how to help children develop gratitude.C. To encourage parents to do things together with their childr
144、en.D. To remind parents of their responsibility to educate their children.8. D 推理判断题。根据第二段第五句From a teenagers angle, its a parents responsibility to take care of the family.可知从年轻人的角度出发，照顾家人是父母亲的责任。也就是说他们把父母亲给他们礼物当成是理所当然的事情。故D正确。9. C 细节理解题。根据第三段第五句Show by example that gratitude isnt aboutstuffwhich u
145、ltimately cant make any of us happy anyway.作者建议父母亲通过给出例子想孩子证明感激不是金钱可以换来的，因为金钱是不能让我们开心的。也就是说建议我们通过举例的方式。故C正确。10. A 推理判断题。感觉最后一段第一句Teaching children to focus on the positive and appreciate the good in their lives is perhaps the greatest gift we can give them.可知教给孩子关注生活中积极的事情并感激生活中那些美好的事物是父母亲给孩子的最好礼物。也
146、就是A项“没有什么比教会孩子积极乐观有感恩心更重要的礼物了。”故A正确。11. B 主旨大意题。作者在本文中告诉我们现代社会中很多孩子对于自己得到的事物没有一颗感恩之心，作者在文章三、四段中对于这个现象给出了我们一些建议，如给孩子例子来证明金钱不能换来感激之情。同时告诉我们教给孩子关注生活中积极的事情并感激生活中那些美好的事物是父母亲给孩子的最好礼物。所以B项内容正确。【名师点睛】议论文，有论点，有事实。作者往往根据一些很普通的事实，通过严谨的思维，缜密的推理得出一个具有普遍性或指导性的观点。该类文章逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节以及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力
147、和判定能力。英语文章讲究使用主题段或主题句。主题段通常在文章开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句可能在一段的开头交待该段的中心意思，再由全段展开或讨论这个意思。主题句也可能在中间或末尾，由全段展开讨论后归纳总结出来。段与段之间常用词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，为了深化主题，作者可能用许多方法来写。议论文的阅读和其它体裁的文章阅读一样，可以有以下几种出题方式：1主旨大意；2细节理解；3推理判定等；4词义理解。1主旨大意题。主旨大意题是专门检查对短文整体理解程度的。每篇文章都有主题句表明其主题(中心)思想。常见的问题有：(1)Fromthepassageweknowthat_.(2)Theb
148、esttitleofthepassageshouldbe_.(3)ThemainideaoftheParagraphisto_.(4)Themainpurposeofthepassageisto_.(5)Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainpointofthepassage?在回答此类问题时，要找出文章的主题句，这些主题句经常在短文的开头或结尾处，在这两个地方很轻易找到它们。那些错误的答案干扰项有的太笼统，有的则太具体，片面，不能恰当地反映短文的中心思想。2细节理解题。细节题主要是检查与主题思想有关的细节。常见的问题形式有：(1)Accordingto
149、thepassage,theauthormentions_.(2)Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthordiscuss?(3)Choosetherightorderoftheevents.细节问题询问的是作者说了些什么，其答案在本文中已明确表述过，此时最好的办法就是在文中找出相关的细节，虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有not或except等表示否定意义的词，则要更加留意。3推理判定题。推理判定题主要是提问那些在文中未说明，但已特殊暗示的内容。题目的要求常是这样的：(1)Thisarticleisparticularl
150、ywrittenfor_.(2)Thewriteristryingtotellus_.(3)Whenthewritersays-,hereallymeans_.(4)Thewriterregards-as_.(5)Thewritersattitudetoward-is_.做推理判定题时，要透过字里行间把握文章的真正内涵，客观地反映文章的思想，克服主观臆想。特殊留意那些最能反映句子之间，段落之间的逻辑关系的连词。深刻而正确地把握文章的重点内容。4词义理解题。英语词语的词意非常丰富，语境不同，词意也不同，要专心揣摩在上下文中的含义。常见的问题形式有：(1)Theauthorusestheword“
151、”tomean_.(2)Accordingtothepassage,“”probablymeans_(3)Theword“”inparagraph-refersto_.(4)Theunderlinedword“”means_.(5)Theunderlinedphrase“”means_.词义理解题中的词往往一词多义，可以采用利用上下文中说话者的语气推测其意义；在特定的语境中，进行逻辑推理的方式也可以获得合理的信息。总之，上述关于议论文阅读理解的方法与技巧看起来挺费时，但事实上相反，只要我们平时练习时多加留意，形成习惯，这种方法则会成为我们阅读理解最省时，最可靠的一种。 考点：考查议论文阅读10
152、.【广东省汕头市金山中学2016届高三上学期期末】Why You Should Celebrate Your MistakesWhen you make a mistake, big or small, cherish(珍视) it like its the most precious thing in the world, because in some ways, it is. Most of us feel bad when we make mistakes, beat ourselves up about it, feel like failures, get mad at ourse
153、lves.And thats only natural: most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad, that we should try to avoid mistakes. Weve been scolded when we make mistakes at home, school and work. Maybe not always, but probably enough times to make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious react
154、ion. Yet without mistakes, we could not learn or grow. If you think about it that way, mistakes should be cherished and celebrated for being one of the most amazing things in the world: they make learning possible; they make growth and improvement possible. By trial and error-trying things, making m
155、istakes, and learning from those mistakes-we have figured out how to make electric light, to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, to fly. Mistakes make walking possible for the smallest toddler, make speech possible, make works of genius possible. Think about how we learn: we dont just consume i
156、nformation about something and instantly know it or know how to do it. You dont just read about painting, or writing, or computer programming, or baking, or playing the piano, and know how to do them right away. Instead, you get information about something, from reading or from another person or fro
157、m observing usually.then you construct a model in your mind.then you test it out by trying it in the real world.then you make mistakes.then you revise the model based on the results of your real-world experimentation and repeat, making mistakes, learning from those mistakes, until youve pretty much
158、learned how to do something. Thats how we learn as babies and toddlers, and how we learn as adults. Mistakes are how we learn to do something new, because if you succeed in something, its probably something you already knew how to do. You havent really grown much from that success-at most its the la
159、st step on your journey, not the whole journey. Most of the journey was made up of mistakes, if its a good journey. So if you value learning, if you value growing and improving, then you should value mistakes. They are amazing things that make a world of brilliance possible.12. Why do most of us fee
160、l bad about making mistakes?A. Because mistakes make us suffer a lot.B. Because its a natural part in our life.C. Because weve been taught so from a young age.D. Because mistakes have ruined many peoples careers.13. According to the passage, what is the right attitude to mistakes?A. We should try to
161、 avoid making mistakes.B. We should owe great inventions mainly to mistakes.C. We should treat mistakes as good chances to learn.D. We should make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction.14. The underlined word toddler in Paragraph 6 probably means _.A. a small child learning to walkB. a
162、kindergarten child learning to drawC. a primary school pupil learning to readD. a school teenager learning to write15. We can learn from the passage that _.A. most of us can really grow from successB. growing and improving are based on mistakesC. we learn to make mistakes by trial and errorD. we rea
163、d about something and know how to do it right away13C 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句If you think about it that way, mistakes should be cherished and celebrated for being one of the most amazing things in the world. They make learning possible; they make growth and improvement possible.说明我们要珍惜错误，因为错误是我们学习的好机会，我们要好好珍
164、惜，故C正确。14A 推理判断题。根据本段Mistakes make walking possible for the smallesttoddler, make speech possible, and make works of genius possible.说明错误可以让最好的toddler,步行成为可能，什么样的人需要学习步行？只有 孩子，所以该词指学习走路的孩子，故A正确。15B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段So if you value learning，if you value growing and improving，then you should value mistak
165、es.如果我们珍惜这样的学习，珍惜成长和提高的机会，那么我们就应该珍惜错误，因为我们的成长和提高是建立在错误的基础之上的。故B正确。【名师点睛】本文属于猜测词义题。在完成猜测词义题时，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。猜测词义时，要掌握以下三个做题要领和八种解题技巧：做题要领1）文中找线索或信息词;2)根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。解题技巧技巧1Definition定义法：一般通过定义/定语从句/词组或同位
166、语从句来确定词义技巧2Contrast对比法：利用文中的反义词、表对比关系的词猜测词义。技巧3CauseEffect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因技巧4Example例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。技巧5WordFormation构词法：在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。技巧6根据文段中出现的同义、近义或反义词的意思进行判断。技巧7根据句子结构进行判断。技巧8根据文章的背景进行判断。本文就是根据1）文中找线索或信息词walking,判断出该词是指“a small child learning to walk”，因为只有孩子才会学习走路。考点：考查议论文阅读 版权所有高考资源网诚招驻站老师，联系QQ2355394696