1、课时作业(三)Unit1SectionUsingLanguage&AssessingYourProgress阅读理解AAnonlinesupermarketcompanyOcadointheUKhasrecentlydisplayedarobotichandthatcanpickfruitsandvegetables!Whenanembryoisinthewomb(子宫), theveryfirstsenseitdevelopsistouch.Thesenseoftouchisalsotheonethatlastslongestaswegetolderandourvisionandhearin
2、gbegintoweaken, touchstillremains.Humansusetheirtouchtoprotectthemselves, tocreateemotionalrelationshipswithotherpeopleandtoexperiencepleasure.Canyouimaginethelifewithoutit?Thesenseoftouchcomesfromanetworkofnerveendings(神经末梢)andspecialtouchreceptorsonthesurfaceoftheskin.Whiletherearedifferentkindsof
3、touchreceptors, theyhelpusjudgepressure, textureandvibrations.Theyarelocatedinourfingertips, palms, solesofourfeet, face, lipsandtongue.Whenwetouchsomething, themechanoreceptorsfeelthetouchandthroughanetworkofnervessendsignalstothebrain.Thisinformsthebrainaboutthelocationofthetouch, theamountofforce
4、used, andthespeedatwhichitwasused.Severaldifferenttechniqueshavebeentriedinthepastfewyearstocreatesucharobotichandusingthreefingers.ButthislatestdesignbySoMacopiesthehumanhand.Itismadeupofflexiblematerialswhichgraspthethingbasedonitssizeandshape.Thenairpressureisusedtocontrolthemovementoftheroboticf
5、ingerstopickobjectssafelyandwithoutcausingdamage.Thenextstepwouldbefortherobottojudgehowripethefruitsandvegetablesare, andapplypressureaccordingly.Membersoftheresearchteamarecurrentlyworkingonaddingcomputerizedvisiontotherobots, sothattheycanseewhattheyaregrasping.Doesallthismeanrobotscanreplacepeop
6、le? AccordingtoOcado, theyhelpimproveproductivitybyremovingsomeoftherepetitivetasksdonebyhumans.1Whatisfocusedoninthesecondparagraph?ATheoriginoftouch.BTheimportanceoftouch.CThedevelopmentoftouch.DTheprocessoftransportingtouch.2Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph4referto?AThebrain.BThetouch.CTh
7、enerve.DThesignal.3Whatisthetypicalfeatureofthelatestrobots?ATheycanseewhattheyregrasping.BTheycantaketheplaceofpeopleinworkplaces.CTheycantellwhetherthefruitsandvegetablesareripe.DTheycanholdthingsaccordingtotheirouterfeatures.4Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?AASenseofTouchforRobotsBARoboticHandf
8、orClassifyingFruitsCARoboticHandwithaGentleTouchDARobotMadeofFlexibleMaterialsBScientistshavecreatedtheworldsfirstliving, selfhealingrobotsusingstemcells(干细胞)fromfrogs.NamedxenobotsaftertheAfricanclawedfrogfromwhichtheytaketheirstemcells, the“machines”arelessthanamillimeterwidesmallenoughtotravelins
9、idehumanbodies.Theycanwalkandswim, surviveforweekswithoutfood, andworktogetheringroups.“Theseareentirelynewlifeforms，”saidtheUniversityofVermont, whichconductedtheresearchwithTuftsUniversitysAllenDiscoveryCenter.Theresearchersremovedlivingstemcellsfromfrogembryos(胚胎), andleftthemtohatch.Then, thecel
10、lswerecutandreshapedintospecific“bodyforms”designedbyasupercomputerforms“neverseeninnature”，accordingtoanewsreleasefromtheUniversityofVermont.Xenobotsevenhaveregenerativeabilities.Whenthescientistsslicedintoonerobot, ithealedbyitselfandkeptmoving.Theydontlookliketraditionalrobotstheyhavenoshinycloth
11、ingorroboticarms.Instead, theylookmorelikeatinydropofmovingpinkflesh.Theresearcherssaythisisdeliberatethis“biologicalmachine”canachievethingswhichtypicalrobotsofsteelandplasticcannot.“Traditionalrobotsdegradeovertimeandcanproduceharmfulecologicalandhealthsideeffects，”researcherssaidinthestudy.“Asbio
12、logicalmachines, xenobotsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandsaferforhumanhealth.”Accordingtotheresearchers, theserobotscouldbeusedtocleanupradioactivewaste, collectmicroplasticsintheoceans, orevencarrymedicineinsidehumanbodies.Asidefromtheseimmediatepracticaltasks, theycouldalsohelpresearcherstolearnm
13、oreaboutcellbiologyopeningthedoorstofutureadvancementinhumanhealthandlongevity.Thissoundslikesomethingfromascifimovie.Somepeopleevenvoicedtheirconcernthathumansmightbetakencontrolofbythosexenobots.However, theresearchersinthestudysaythereisnoneedforalarm.Theycantreproduceorevolve(进化)5Whatisthispassa
14、gemainlyabout?ATheadvantagesofamedicalrobot.BTheapplicationofrobotsinbiology.CThegeneralintroductionofalivingrobot.DThemedicalvalueofAfricanclawedfrogs.6Whatdoestheunderlinedword“regenerative”inParagraph3probablymean?ALivinglonger.BGrowingagain.CReplacingoldcells.DDefendingagainstattacks.7Whatcanwek
15、nowaboutxenobots?ATheycandoeverythingthattraditionalrobotscan.BTheycanbreakupsteelandplasticwhiledegrading.CTheyareabletocurepeopleofallkindsofdiseases.DTheyareharmlesstotheenvironmentandhumanhealth.8Whatistheresearchersattitudetothedevelopmentofxenobots?ADoubtful.BPositive.CCautious.DCasual.CAInc.h
16、asplanstodropoffpackagesdirectlyintoshoppershouses.TheworldslargestonlineretailerhasannouncedAmazonKey, alockandcamerasystemthatuserscontrolremotelytoletdeliveryassociates(伙伴)putgoodsintotheirhouses.Customerscancreatetemporarypasswords(密码)forfriendsandotherserviceprofessionalstoenteraswell.Thesmartl
17、ockmayhelpAmazongetsalesfromshopperswhocannotmakeithometoreceiveanorderanddontwantthepackagestolenfromtheirdoorstep.ItalsosignalsAmazonsdeterminationtowinthemarketofhomesecuritydevices, whereAlphabetInc.sNestLabscompetes.“Thisisnotanexperimentforus，”saidPeterLarsen, Amazonvicepresidentofdeliverytech
18、nology, inaninterview.“ThisisakeypartoftheAmazonshoppingexperiencefromthispointforward.”MembersofAmazonsshoppingclubPrimecanpay$249.99andupforacloudcontrolledcameraandlockthatthecompanyofferstoinstall.Deliveryassociatesaretoldtoringadoorbellorknockwhentheyarriveatsomeoneshouse.Ifnoonegreetsthem, the
19、ypress“unlock”inamobileapp, andAmazonchecksitssystemsinaninstanttomakesuretherightassociateandpackagearepresent.Thecamerathenstreamsvideotothecustomerwhoremotelycanwatchtheinhomedeliverytakeplace.Theassociatecannotcontinuewithothertripsuntilthehouseisagainlocked.Itisunclearifsuchprotectionswillpersu
20、adecustomersthattheserviceissafetouse.Larsensaidstealingwas“notsomethingthathappensinpractice”，basedonearlytestsoftheAmazonKeyprogram.Headdedthatifaproblemarises, “YoncancallcustomerserviceandAmazonwillworkwithyoutomakesureitsright, reimbursing(赔偿)youforanylossordamageinsomecases.”9Whatcanwelearnabo
21、uttheAmazonKey?AIthasalimiteduse.BItcanpreventstealinginreality.CIthasbeenacceptedbycustomers.DItplaysanimportantpartinAmazonsmarketplanning.10Whowillbethecustomerstobuythesmartlock?AThosewhoentertainguestsathome.BThosewhooftenbuythingsonAmazon.CThosewhocantreceivethepackageinperson.DThosewhocareabo
22、uthomesafetyverymuch.11Whatshoulddeliveryassociatesdofirsttostartthelock?AMakesurethereisnooneathome.BInstallthelockforthecustomers.CConnectthelocktoacamera.DPress“unlock”inamobileapp.12Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?AEntertainment.BTechnology.CEducation.DLifestyle.课时作业(三)阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是
23、一篇科普说明文，英国在线超市Ocado最近展示了一只可以采摘水果和蔬菜的机械手，它由有柔韧性的材料构成，并能依据物体的大小和形状来进行摘取。1答案与解析：B主旨大意题。由第二段第一、二句可知，触觉是人体最先发育、持续时间最长的感觉；根据第二段第三句“Humans use their touch to protect themselves, to create emotional relationships with other people and to experience pleasure.”可知，人们用触觉来保护自己，创造和他人的情感联系并感受快乐；据此可推知，该段主要介绍了触觉的重要性
24、，故B项正确。2答案与解析：B代词指代题。根据第四段第二句“This informs the brain about the location of the touch, the amount of force used, and the speed at which it was used.”可知，这告知大脑所要触摸的位置、使用的力度以及使用的速度；结合第四段内容可知，该段主要介绍触觉发生的原理；据此可推知，画线词指代该句中的touch，故B项正确。3答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第五段第三、四句的内容尤其是“grasp the thing based on its size and sha
25、pe”“pick objects safely and without causing damage”可知，最新的机器人的特点是能根据水果和蔬菜的外部特征去进行摘取，故D项正确。4答案与解析：C标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段“An online supermarket companyOcado in the UK has recently displayed a robotic hand that can pick fruits and vegetables！”点明全文主题；结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一种能用适当的力度采摘水果、蔬菜的机械手，故C项最适合作本文标题。B【语篇解读】这
26、是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的生物机器人xenobots，包括它的特点及应用等。5答案与解析：C主旨大意题。阅读全文，尤其根据第一段内容可知，科学家们利用青蛙的干细胞创造了世界上第一个活的、可以自我修复的机器人。以从中提取干细胞的非洲爪蟾命名，这种机器人的宽度不到一毫米，小到可以在人体内移动。本文主要是介绍了最新的一款活的机器人，故选C。6答案与解析：B词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下一句可知，当科学家将一个机器人切开时，它可以自愈并且继续移动。根据句意和healed by itself猜测regenerative的意思是“再生的”，故选B。7答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第三段中最后一
27、句“As biological machines, xenobots are more environmentally friendly and safer for human health.”可知，这种xenobots机器人对环境和人类健康的危害较小，故选D。8答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Some people even voiced their concern that humans might be taken control of by those xenobots. However, the researchers in the study say there is n
28、o need for alarm. They cant reproduce or evolve (进化)”可知，一些人甚至表达他们担心人类会被那些xenobots控制。不过，研究者们在研究中说没有必要惊慌。它们没有繁殖和进化的能力。故可推测，研究人员对xenobots的发展持积极的态度，故选B。C【语篇解读】本文语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是人与社会之科学与技术。文章介绍了网上零售商巨头亚马逊推出的智能锁。顾客不在家时，家门也能被打开，这样快递人员可以将包裹送入家中。9答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第二段的“It also signals Amazons determination to win
29、 the market of home security devices.”可知，智能锁在亚马逊的市场计划中扮演着重要的角色。10答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第二段的“The smart lock may help Amazon get sales from shoppers who cannot make it home to receive an order.”可知，那些不能亲自收快递的人会是购买智能锁的消费者。11答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据第四段的“Delivery associates are told to ring a doorbell or knock when they arrive at someones house. If no one greets them.”可知，快递人员在开锁之前应先确定房间里没人。12答案与解析：B文章出处题。阅读全文可知，本文介绍了网上零售商巨头亚马逊推出的智能锁，是属于科技的范畴，因此最有可能出现在报纸的Technology部分。