1、2014-2015学年高中英语（辽宁金品）同步教案：Module 2 No Drugs（外研版必修2）单元知识点总结Module 2 No Drugs题材内容与学习目的学习表达抽烟，吸毒及其危害的词语和其他语言形式，养成良好生活习惯，关爱社会关爱他人，了解我国和一些国家中通过公益服务帮助沾染坏习惯的弱势群体的情况，远离毒品。语言知识目标语音通过语调表达不同语气和情感。词汇Addictive; blood pressure; bronchitis; burglary; cancer; cannabis; cigarette; connection; crack cocaine; crime; c
2、riminal; danger; drug addict; drug dealer; estimate; heart attack; heart disease; heart rate; illegal; immediately; increase; inject; injured; needle; powerful; ratio; reduce; shoplifting; shopping center; tobacco; treatment; activity; break into; break the law; death; die语法1. 不定式作目的状语（The infinitiv
3、e of purpose）2. 结果状语从句（Adverbial clause of result）功能学会使用表达结果的词语：so, as a result, as a result of。话题谈论有关吸烟和吸毒危害的话题和劝阻、帮助别人戒烟的话题。语言技能目标听识别所学生词、词组、不定式目的状语和结果状语从句，听懂它们所在句子和段落的意义并获取信息；听懂不同语调表达的语气和情感；听懂有关抽烟、吸毒及其危害的话语并获取信息，学会抓住关键意思进行summarizing。 说流利说出含有所学生词、词组、不定式目的状语和结果状语的句子和段落；用语调表达语气和情感；自如表达抽烟、吸毒的危害。读理解含
4、有所学生词、词组的句子和段落并获取信息；理解不定式和结果状语从句表达的信息；理解有关抽烟、吸毒及其危害的材料并获取信息；找出段落和文章的从属关系。写熟练写出包含所学词汇、不定式和结果状语的句子和段落；熟练写出email及其答复；分析抽烟、吸毒的危害。表达与展示运用不定式表示目的，that从句表达结果；用恰当的语调表达语气和情感；讨论抽烟和吸毒的危害，收集有说服力的数据。学习策略认知策略学习语法，培养对因果关系的判断和分析能力；通过听和读培养抓住和辨别信息要点的能力；通过从属关系的判断，培养前后联系、部分和整体练习的思维能力；通过说和写的训练，培养根据事实分析、归纳的逻辑能力和表达能力。调控策略
5、培养在interview中运用提问控制谈话方向的能力。交际策略学习在日常会话中运用恰当的语调表达不同语气和情感。 资源策略从网上或其他媒体了解抽烟和吸毒的危害，学会根据资料分析、归纳。文化意识学会同意和不同意的强烈表达法和一般表达法。提高自我保护意识，养成良好生活习惯，远离毒品。吸烟造成环境污染，发现抽烟者在公共场所抽烟，要学会劝说。Introduction 1. be related to 与有关relate vi. & vt. （和）相关；涉及；把与关联起来 relate vt.把联系起来 relate to. 把联系起来 be related to sb. 有亲威关系与有关, 涉及It
6、is difficult to relate the two cases. 很难把两个案子联系起来。 We should learn to relate the results to the causes.我们应该学会把结果与原因联系起来看问题。 Light industry is closely related to the peoples life.轻工业与人们的生活有密切的关系。 2. cause 与reason 区别Cause n. 导致某事发生的原因，起因如：Unemployment is a major cause of poverty. 失业是贫困的主要原因。Drinking a
7、nd driving is one of the most common causes of traffic accidents. 酒后驾车是导致交通事故最常见的原因之一。Reason 说明某事的理由如：He has given no reasons for his decision. 他并未说明他决定的理由。vt. 使发生，引起，导致（cause sb to do）The poor harvest caused prices to rise. 歉收导致物价急剧上涨。n. 崇高的事业fighting for the Republican cause 为共和党的事业而奋斗 reading and
8、 vocabulary 3. used to 过去常常，过去曾经 be used to doing sth 习惯于4. be / get / become addicted to sth. / doing sth.对.成瘾/成癖 It doesnt take long to become addicted to these drugs.服用这些毒品不要多长时间就会上瘾。 Its a pity that her child has got addicted to smoking.真可怜，她的孩子抽烟上瘾了。 Some children are addicted to computer games
9、 / TV.(喻)一些孩子玩电脑游戏/看电视上了瘾。 He is addicted to practicing Chinese Gongfu.他醉心于练习中国功夫。 She is addicted to drama. 她沉醉于戏剧。Once you are addicted to nicotine, it is hard to get out of it. 一旦你对尼古丁成瘾，就很难自拔。addict n. 吸毒成瘾的人，瘾君子addicted adj. 上瘾的addictive adj. 使人成瘾的，使人入迷的addiction n. 瘾，入迷，嗜好5. offer n.出价, 提议, 意图
10、vt.提供, 出价, 贡献, 使出现, 企图, 演出vi.(机会、时机等)出现, 献祭, 提议 .sb sth= .sth to sb 提供给某人某物. to do sth= make an . to do sth愿意/企图做某事 accept/refuse an .接受/拒绝提议. sb money for sth 向某人出价（多少）钱买. sb sth for money 开价（多少）卖They offered him a very good job, but he turned it down.The drama school offers places to students who
11、can show talent.My dad has offered to pick us up.The newspaper offered to apologise for the article.offer advice/help/support etc offer an opportunity/chance/possibility Theyve offered us 75,000 for the house.6. allow sb to do , allow doing 7. in pain 8. break into 闯入; 打断；插话; 打碎The thieves broke int
12、o the office and stole some money. 小偷闯入办公室，偷了一些钱。 The bandits broke into the jewelry and stole near all the valuable necklaces.土匪们闯进了珠宝店盗走了几乎所有值钱的项链。The car windows broke into pieces when the two cars crashed into each other.两辆车相撞时车上的窗玻璃破裂成碎片。The new waitress dropped the dish on the floor, and it br
13、oke into fragments.新来的女服务员把菜盘子掉在地上,摔成了碎片。break the law犯法break out (战争、灾害)突然爆发break up 打碎；拆散；(物理)分解 break the silence 打破沉寂 break in 打断(谈话)；突然闯入 break through 突破break away from 摆脱(束缚)；克服(习惯)；脱离(政府)break up 粉碎，破碎，结束，散开，解散，break sth up 拆开，打散，结束（关系等）关闭， 9. take ones advice 采纳某人的建议10. stop to do , stop do
14、ing, stop sb (from) doing sth 11. grammar 不定式1) 在以下动词之后要用动词不定式作宾语afford，aim，appear，agree，arrange，ask，be，decide，bother，care，choose，com，dare，demand，desire，determine，expect，elect，endeavor，hope，fail，happen，help，hesitate，learn，long，mean，manage，offer，ought，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，seem，tend，wai
15、t，wish，undertake1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)advise allow appoint believe cause challengecommand compelconsider declare driveenableencourage find forbid forceguess hireimagineimpelinduce informinstructinvite judge know likeorder permitpersuade remind reportrequest requireselectsend state suppose tell think tr
16、aintrust understandurge warn不定式主语1） Its easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了easy,difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible,comfortable, necessary, better;the first, the next,the last,the best,too much,too little,not enoughIts so nice to hear your voice.听到你的声音真高兴。Its necessary for you to lock the
17、 car when you do not use it.当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。2) Its very kind of you to help us.他帮助我们，他真好。Kind,nice, stupid,rude, clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的),silly, selfish(自私的)例句:It was silly of us to believe him.我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不给
18、他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is to的句型(对)To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。(错)It is to believe to see.Its for sb.和 Its of sb.1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：Its very hard for him to st
19、udy two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。不定式作表语不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如： My work is to clean the room every day. His dream is to be a doctor.不定式作定语不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：I have a lot of
20、work to do.So he made some candles to give light.不定式作状语1）目的状语To only to (仅仅为了),in order to,so as to,so(such) as to (如此以便)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。What have I said to make you angry.He searched t
21、he room only to find nothing.3)表原因Im glad to see you.用作介词的toto 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：admit to承认，confess to承认，be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to 习惯于， stick to 坚持，turn to开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于，be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望，pay attention to 注意省to 的动词不定式
22、1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：2） 使役动词 let, have, make：3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。 I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.4） would rather
23、，had better：5） Why / why not：6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be： He is supposed (to be) nice.他应该是个好人。举例： He wants to move to France and marry the gir
24、l.He wants to do nothing but go out.比较： He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.动词不定式的否定式Tell him not to shut the window She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。不定式的特殊句型tooto1）tooto 太以至于He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了，说不出话来。 - Ca
25、n I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗? - Well, Im afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为不太。 Its never too late to mend.(谚语)改过不嫌晚。3)当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常 等于very。 Im only too pleased to be able to help
26、 you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。 He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。不定式的时态和语态时态语态 主动被动一般式 to doto be done进行式 to be doing完成式 to have done to have been done完成进行式 to have been doing1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。He seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again.我希望
27、再见到你。2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。He seems to be eating something.4) 完成进行时： She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.动名词与不定式1） 动名词与不定式的区别：动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的不定式表达
28、的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的2） 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。 3） 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组： 1stop to dostop doing 2 forget to do forget doing 3remember to doremember doing 4 regret to do regret doing 5cease to do cease doing 6 try to dotry doing 7go on to do go on doing 8 afraid to do afraid doing 9interested to dointerested d
29、oing 10 mean to do mean doing11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doingFunction 12. 由so that, such that等表结果的副词从句引导的副词从句在so that和such that中，so是副词，其后可以接动词、形容词、副词；而such为形容词，其后只可接名词。 -She is so honest a girl that all her teachers like her. -The snow fell so fast that our footsteps were soon covered. -The
30、bus was so full that I could hardly turn around. -We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. -They had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near their house. -He spoke in such low voice that I could not hear him. -There was so much dust that we couldnt see what was happening. -So
31、many students complained that the teacher cancelled the pretest.so放在句首，句子要用倒装语序-So absorbed was he that Nathalie hadnt dared to make a sound. -So terrible was the storm that the whole roof was ripped off. （这场暴风雨真可怕，把整个屋顶全都刮飞了。） 注意： such不能用于much和many之前。Writing 13. mind 14. against the law 15. The sam
32、e adj同一的，同样的 搭配 the same., as 与一样, same with me 我也一样at the same time 同时 all the same 尽管，如此，仍然 We are the same age. 我们同岁。 That jacket is the same as mine. 那上衣与我的一样。 This is the same pen that I lost. 这正是我遗失的那支钢笔。 They began to laugh at the same time. 他们同时笑了起来。 He has faults, but I like him all the sam
33、e. 他有缺点，然而我还是喜欢他。 I have the same book as you have. 我有象你一样的书。 16. in public 公开地其他in构成的词组：in total总数in detail详细地in treatment在治疗in common共同地in order井然有序的 in place在原来(合适)位置in doubt怀疑in hospital在住院in prison在监狱(服刑)in secret秘密地in return 作为报答Everyday English 17. as well常在句尾，表示“也”。Are they coming as well? 他
34、们也要来吗？as well as 和；也；和同样好。He speaks Japanese as well as English and French. 他不但会说英语和法语，而且还会说日语。 It is important for you as well as for me. 这对我很重要，对你也很重要。 注意：连接两个主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致，而不与后面的介词宾语一致。Lily as well as her parents is very fond of classical music. 不但莉莉的父母，而且连莉莉也非常喜欢古典音乐。Just as well adv. 幸好，无妨，还
35、是。好It would be just as well to let them know. 最好先给他们个信儿。You can tell me what you think, and you may just as well be frank. 你心里想什么就告诉我吧，你还是坦率些好。May as well 最好，不妨Come on now, you may as well tell us. 快点，你最好告诉我们。 since everyones giving speeches, I may as well take a turn. 既然每个人都讲话，我不妨也轮一下。 18. affect v
36、t. 影响（常指消极的影响）the areas affected by the hurricane a disease that affects the central nervous systemdecisions which affect our lives We were all deeply affected by her death.n. effect 影响注意：affection n. 喜爱，钟爱如：Mr. Darcys affection for his sister 达西先生对她妹妹的关爱之情。Children need lots of love and affection.
37、孩子需要多多疼爱和关怀。 19. delay n. 拖延，耽搁，延误Commuters will face long delays on the roads today. 路远乘车上下班的人今天要在路上耽误很多时间了。We apologize for the delay in answering your letter. 来信收悉，迟复为歉。a delay of two hours/a two-hour delay 两小时的延误Report it to the police without delay (= immediately). 赶快将此事报告警方。vt. 延迟，推迟（delay sth, delay doing ）Dont delaycall us today! 别拖延-今天就给我们打电话！He delayed telling her the news, waiting for the right moment. 他没有马上把消息告诉她，等有了适当的时机再说。