1、第1讲谓语动词前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1(2020全国卷)China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Change4 probe (探测器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddesstouched (touch) down last week in the South PoleAitken basin.2(2020全国卷)Carle Pieters, a
2、 scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed(construct)”3(2020全国卷)The artist was sure he would be chosen(choose)，but.4(2020全国卷)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries (carry) special s
3、ignificance.1时态主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时；2给出动词考查其被动语态；3考查主谓一致。短文改错1(2020全国卷)Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, but I have long been out of practice.startstarted2(2020全国卷)My dad dont like the soup and I dont enjoy apples.第一个dontdoesnt3(2019全国卷)Now my dream is to open a cafe.Th
4、ough it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. requiredrequires4(2018全国卷)“The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks，and.”includeincludes5(2018全国卷)It was Monday morning，and the writing class had just begin.beginbegun6(2017全国卷)About one month af
5、ter this photo was took，I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.tooktaken；becomebecame1上下文中时态不一致，主要是一般过去时和一般现在时的误用；2主谓不一致，特别是主语为第三人称，谓语动词单复数常被误用； 3被动语态中动词过去式和过去分词的混淆。4完成时态中动词原形和过去分词的混淆。考点一一般时态.单句语法填空1(2020山东济南三模)The treatment continued and finally his
6、 novel coronavirus was(be) 100% got rid of.2(2020武汉网上模拟试题)When we first met (meet), I was impressed by her voice.3(2020成武冲刺卷)The father as well as his three children goes(go) skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.4(2020湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三一模)The movie was adapted(adapt) from the true
7、story of a road trip through the southern US in the early 1960s. 5(2020浙江嘉兴基础测试)They made up their minds that they would buy(buy) a new house once Larry changed his job.单句改错6(2020安丘一中二模)It was only when I got home that I realize I had left my book in the library.realizerealized7(2020宜昌模拟)Getting lai
8、d off prove to be the best thing that has ever happened to me.proveproves8(2020石家庄联考)Tom has lived in Shanghai for 4 years, but he enjoys his life in Changchun now.删除has一、一般现在时1一般现在时的构成主要由动词原形构成。动词be的第一人称单数形式用am，第三人称单数形式用is，其他人称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形式用has。实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则是：一般情况直接加shatehates结尾为s，x，
9、sh，ch或o，在词尾加esdiscussdiscussesfixfixeswashwashesteachteachesgogoes结尾为“辅音字母y”变y为i再加escarrycarriesstudystudies2.一般现在时的用法(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always，every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，never，sometimes，usually，every day/night等连用。He often goes to work by bus，and he takes
10、a walk with his wife after dinner every day.他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天晚餐后和妻子一块儿散步。(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。Look at the timetable.Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20.看看时间表。快点儿吧！4026航班18：20起飞。(3)在状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时态时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。If it is fine tomorrow，we wi
11、ll go there.要是明天晴天，我们就去那里。二、一般过去时1一般过去时的构成一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。动词的过去式的变化规则是：变化规则例词一般情况在动词后加edlooklooked以e结尾的动词后加dhopehopedlikeliked以“辅音字母y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加edstudystudiedtrytried以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加edstopstoppedadmitadmittedpermitpermittedpreferpreferred2.一般过去时的用法表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often，us
12、ually，seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday，the other day，last week，the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.1931年，亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。三、一般将来时1一般将来时的构成由“shall/will动词原形”构成。其中shall用于第一人称，will用于一切人称。2一般将来时的
13、用法表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next year，in一段时间等连用。“will动词原形”还可以表示说话者临时的决定。What time is it? 几点了？I have no idea.But just a minute，I will check it for you.我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。3其他表示“将来”的结构及用法(1)“be going to动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。Look！Dark clouds are gathering.It is going to
14、 rain soon，I think.看！乌云正在聚集。我想快要下雨了。Whether in the home or the workplace，social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。(2)“be to动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.到10点你得交上试卷。(3)“be about to动词原形
15、”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird.汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。易错提醒如果表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，要用过去将来时“would/should动词原形”。该时态主要出现在间接引语中。I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I would/should do next week.我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周要干什么。考点二进行时态.单句语法填空1
16、(2020枣庄模拟)Engineers are setting(set) up over 15，000 sensors (传感器) nationwide and wiring them into a web.2(2020玉溪押题卷)At this time tomorrow we will be flying (fly) over the Atlantic Ocean.3(2020长治一中模拟)Shirley was writing (write) a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.
17、4(2020浙江湖州期末考试) Hurry up! Mr. Johnson is expecting(expect) you in his office.单句改错5(2020长沙模拟)I am glad to hear that you are going to Canada to study. So I was writing to tell you something about this country.wasam6(2020湖北省黄冈市高三模拟)My essay has been sending to you along with this email. I hope it wont
18、cause you too much trouble.sendingsent一、进行时的构成现在进行时由“am/is/are现在分词”构成；过去进行时由“was/were现在分词”构成；将来进行时由“will/shallbe现在分词”构成。现在分词的变化规则如下：变化规则例词一般情况在词尾直接加ingaskasking以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加ingwritewritingtaketakingfacefacing以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加ingcutcuttingbeginbeginningswimswimming以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加ingl
19、ielyingdiedying二、进行时的用法1现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。I hear you are working in a pub.Whats it like?我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？Well，its very hard work and Im always tired，but I dont mind.哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have，wear，ru
20、n out等动词。Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running out.We must act immediately before theres none left.洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。2过去进行时(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time，at that moment，at this time yesterday，at ten oclock yesterday等连用。He must have sensed that I was lo
21、oking at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”他一定感觉到了我正在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，轻声地说：“你为什么那样盯着我看？” (2)表示过去的两个动作中持续进行的一个，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。3将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用，
22、如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。考点三完成时态 .单句语法填空1(2020井冈山二模)Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I had left (leave) my book in the c
23、afe.2(2020滨州模拟)Either the beautiful sights of this modern city or its local custom has attracted(attract) thousands of visitors during the past years.3(2020浙江金华十校模拟)Doctors and scientists have learned(learn) a great deal about sleep in the last thirty years.单句改错4(2020郑州押题卷)They said never before hav
24、e they experienced so interesting a class.havehad5(2020山东省部分重点中学第一次调研)Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran bought a real bed.It was the first time that he has become the proud owner of a bed. hashad一、完成时的构成现在完成时由“have/has过去分词”构成；过去完成时由“had过去分词”构成。二、完成时的用法1现在完成时(1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说
25、话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语有：already，just，yet，never，before，lately，recently，in the last(past) few days/years，up to now，till now，so far等。He has already received three similar invitations this week.本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。In the past few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world.在过去的几年里，全世界
26、拍摄了数以千计的电影。(2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：since时间点； for时间段等。I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me?我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？Sorry，I havent played the piano for years.抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。(3)在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时前已完成的动作。Will you come to my office wh
27、en you have finished your work? 你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？2过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadnt seen for years.沿街走路时，我偶然遇见了戴维，我们已经有好几年没见了。(2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：before(从句)，by then，by that time，
28、by the end of，by the time从句等。He had scarcely put the phone down before the doorbell rang.他刚放下电话，门铃就响了起来。(3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor.昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。3常使用完成时的句型
29、(1)This/It/That is the first/.timethat sb.has/have done；This/It/That was the first/.timethat sb.had done sth.这是某人第几次做某事It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.那是他第三次犯同样的错误了。(2)It(This)is/was the最高级名词(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。(3)It is/has been一段时间since sb.did；It was/had been一段时间since sb.h
30、ad done sth.自从以来多久了(4)hardly(scarcely).when./no sooner.than.(一就)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我一到家，就下起了倾盆大雨。考点四完成进行时单句语法填空1(2020合肥第一次质量检测)Since Zhangjiajie has been improving(improve) its transportation and service for long, the city now can receive
31、 36，200 tourists per day.2(2020云南玉溪一中第二次月考)Tony，why are your eyes red?I have been cutting(cut)up peppers for the last five minutes.3(2020湖北武汉高三调考)When Alice came to life，she did not know how long she had been lying(lie)there.一、完成进行时的构成完成进行时由have/has been doing或had been doing构成。二、完成进行时的用法(一)现在完成进行时1常
32、用来表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。Im very tired.I have been checking the students papers all the morning.我很累。我整个上午都在批改学生的试卷。2表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。I have been calling him many times this morning，but I cant get through.今天上午我给他打了很多次电话，但都没打通。名师点津现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时表示过去开始的一个动作到目前为止已经完成，体现动作的结果现在完成进行
33、时表示过去开始的一个动作到目前为止仍在进行，甚至仍将继续Ive read Tiny Times.我已经读过小时代了。(已经完成)I have been reading Tiny Times these days.这些天我一直在读小时代。(仍在进行甚至仍将继续)(二)过去完成进行时过去完成进行时主要表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。过去完成进行时由“hadbeenv.ing”构成。表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去某一时间。这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.她告诉我她
34、已经学习法语5年了。(动作仍继续)She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.她告诉我她已经等我一个钟头了。(动作不再继续)考点五被动语态.单句语法填空1(2020慈溪模拟)In the near future, I hope more progress will be made(make) in farming.2(2020菏泽模拟)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has been reached(reach) so far by the two sid
35、es.3(2020济宁联考)They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house is being decorated(decorate)4(2020肇庆月考)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped(trap) in the mountains for two days. 5(2020宁夏灵武模拟)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming
36、，is regarded(regard) as one of the best allround forms of exercise. .单句改错6(2020平顶山联考)We both attracted by its beautiful scenery at first sight.both前加were7(2020安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试)This morning, I got an email from the library. It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up.pickingpicked一、被动语态的构成形式被
37、动语态由“be过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。各种时态的被动语态形式如下(以动词give为例)：现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般式am givenis givenare givenwas givenwere givenshall be givenwill be givenshould be givenwould be given进行式am being givenis being givenare being givenwas being givenwere being given完成式has been givenhave been givenhad been givenshal
38、l have been givenwill have been givenshould have been givenwould have been given2.“get过去分词”也能构成被动语态，常用于口语中，其中的get已失去原有的词汇意义，而接近于be的功能。常见的有get married结婚；get paid获得报酬；get hurt受伤；get trapped/stuck/caught被困二、被动语态的用法1不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；2强调动作的承受者时。It is reported that a space station will be built on the mo
39、on in years to come.据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上建成。In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut.在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。易错提醒1有些及
40、物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。2不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。三、主动形式表达被动意义1“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，gr
41、ow，keep等形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。This kind of wool shirt feels soft.这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。2当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers.你买最近畅销的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年
42、。3在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing(to be repaired)这房子需要修葺。4在某些“主语(人/物)be形容词不定式”中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。The problem is difficult to work out.这道题很难计算出。5be to r
43、ent/blame主动形式表被动意义。Who is to blame for the mistake?谁应为这个错误接受谴责？考点六虚拟语气.单句语法填空1(2020浙江台州模拟考试)Its a pity that you were late, otherwise you would have seen(see) the star from Korea.2I should not have laughed if I had thought(think) you were serious.3(2020西安九校联考)Dont handle the vase as if it were(be) ma
44、de of steel.4(2020湖北武昌区高三调考)If we hadnt made(make) adequate preparations，the conference wouldnt have been so successful.单句改错5(2020湖北武汉高三调考)If it were not to rain tomorrow, the crops will not be saved.willwould一、if条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟条件句虚拟情况主句从句与现在事实相反主语should/would/could/mightdoif主语过去式(be用were)与过去事实相反主语shoul
45、d/would/could/mighthave doneif主语had过去分词与将来事实可能相反主语should/would/could/mightdoif主语过去式/were to do/shoulddoIf the new safety system had been put to use，the accident would never have happened.要是新的安全系统被投入使用的话，这起事故就不会发生了。We would be back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.如果你没有把地图弄丢的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。Gr
46、ace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there，she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。易错提醒1如果在表示虚拟语气的if从句中含有were，had或should，可将if省略，然后将were，had或should移至主语之前。2如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常有明显的时间状语。二、含蓄条件句的虚拟语气有时假设的
47、条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有：without(要是)没有；but for要不是；otherwise/or否则等。Do you have Bettys phone number?你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？Yes.Otherwise，I wouldnt have been able to reach her yesterday.有。不然我昨天就联系不上她了。Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison.
48、要不是托马斯爱迪生，我们现在从中受益的很多东西就不会存在。三、 虚拟语气在从句中的运用1在名词性从句中的运用(1)在表示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后的宾语从句中，以及这些动词的名词形式后面的同位语或表语从句中的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。常见的此类动词有：一坚持(insist)一敦促(urge)、二命令(order，command)、三要求(require，demand，request)、四建议(suggest，advise，propose，recommend)。She suggested that Dale join the debating team，believing th
49、at practice in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.她建议戴尔参加辩论队，她认为辩论队里的演讲练习会给予他所需要的信心和认可。He insisted that the problem (should) be discussed at the meeting.他执意要求在会上讨论这个问题。My desire is that we (should) not quarrel over such things again.我的希望是我们不再为这样的事情争吵了。易错提醒当suggest作
50、“暗示，表明”，insist作“坚持认为”讲时，从句要用陈述语气。(2)在“It is/wasadj./donethat.”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用(should)动词原形。常见的形容词或过去分词有：important，necessary，strange，suggested，ordered，advised，requested，demanded 等。It is necessary that we (should) clean the room every day.我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。It is required that middle school students (should)
51、take at least one hours exercise every day.中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。(3) wish后的宾语从句中的谓语可用一般过去时，had过去分词和could/might/would动词原形，分别表示与现在、过去相反的情况和与将来情况可能相反。I wish that I had met that film star yesterday.我倒希望昨天见到了那个影星。Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced as well as her.埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样就好了。(4) wou
52、ld rather所接的宾语从句中，从句的谓语如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生过的动作，从句用过去完成时。We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.我们宁愿女儿待在家，陪在我们身边，但是选择权在她手上，毕竟她不再是个孩子了。2三个固定句式中的虚拟语气虚拟情况句式虚拟现在虚拟过去虚拟将来if only引导的条件句及感叹句过去式had过去分词would/could/might动词原形as if/
53、though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句过去式had过去分词would/might/could动词原形It is (high) time that.过去式或should动词原形It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？It is high time that we took/should take some measures to solve the problem.确实到了我们采取措施解决问题的时候了。Look at the
54、trouble we are in. If only we had taken our teachers advice！看看我们所处的困境。要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好！易错提醒当as if/though引导的句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气。【技法点拨】语法填空中对时态、语态的考查语法填空的一个完整句子中若没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词，就要考虑动词的时态和语态，还要注意主谓一致和虚拟语气。短文改错中对时态的考查1并列句中前后的时态如果不一致，就要考虑是否动词的时态有错误。2主从句的时态不一致时，可以考虑主从句中的某处动词有错误。3前后句中的时态如果不一致，那么可以判断动词的时态有问题。