1、Section Grammar and usage 由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句探究发现1In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly.2It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no reason why they should be worried.3They are still growi
2、ng, and night is the time when their bodies grow faster.4Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down, and their health suffers.我的发现(1)句1、4中关系副词where引导定语从句，作地点状语。(2)句2中关系副词why引导定语从句，作原因状语。(3)句3中关系副词when引导定语从句，作时间状语。语法图解 单元语法一图贯通 语法突破 语境理解合作探究一、关系副词的指代及功
3、能当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when，where，why等。1when的用法观察The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.The time during which I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.第一次见纳尔逊曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常困难的时期。I will never forget the day when I first
4、 saw you.I will never forget the day on which I first saw you.我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的那天。Those days when we had nothing to eat are gone.Those days in/during which we had nothing to eat are gone.我们没有东西吃的日子一去不复返了。归纳(1)when在从句中作时间状语，指代时间，可译为“在那时/在那天/”。(2)先行词多为表示时间的名词，如：time/day/year/month/week/hour等。(3)此时whenin/
5、at/on/during/.which，具体用哪个介词要根据先行词的搭配来确定。即时演练1单句语法填空Do you remember the afternoon when/on which we worked together?He came at the time when/at which we needed him most.There was a year when/in which his business was in a poor state.2where的用法观察This is the house where they lived a week ago.This is the
6、house in which they lived a week ago.这是一个星期前他们住过的房子。The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.The school in which I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.我曾在那里学习仅两年的学校离家有三公里远。They were put into a position where they had nothing at all.They were put into a
7、 position in which they had nothing at all.他们被逼到一无所有的境地。She still remembers the farm where her father worked 20 years ago.She still remembers the farm on which her father worked 20 years ago.她仍然记得20年前爸爸工作的那个农场。归纳(1)where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语。(2)先行词多为表示时间的名词：place, street, house, city, country等以及一些具有抽象地点意义的
8、名词，如：point, case, position, situation等。(3)此时wherein/at/on .which。具体用哪个介词要根据先行词的搭配来确定。即时演练2单句语法填空After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small village where/in which he grew up as a child.The accident has reached to the point where/at which both their parents are to be called in.You
9、would get into a position where/in which you have to decide immediately.3why的用法观察The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work.The reason for which I got a job was because of my hard work.我得到一份工作的原因是因为我努力工作。Please explain to me the reason why you were late this time.Please explain to me the
10、 reason for which you were late this time.请解释一下这次你迟到的原因。Is this the reason why he refused our offer? Is this the reason for which he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？归纳即时演练3用关系副词why引导的定语从句合并下列句子He can always find some reasons.He gives up trying for these reasons.He can always find some reasons why
11、he gives up trying.Give me one good reason.I should help you for the reason.Give me one good reason why I should help you.二、关系代词和关系副词的判定时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，关系词确定原则如下：表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语时，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，则应用关系代词。试比较：Do you remember the days when we chatted wi
12、th each other all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which在从句中作spent的宾语)I dont know the reason why he didnt turn to his good friend for help yesterday.我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why在从句中作原因状语)I wont listen to the r
13、eason that/which you have given us.我坚决不听你给我们的理由。(that或which在从句中作宾语)即时演练4(1)用适当的关系词填空This is the place where we held a party last week.Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago?We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true.Can you tell
14、 me the reason why Jack was absent from the meeting?This is the place that/which we visited last year.1 October 1949 is the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.(2)同义句转换Ill never forget the day when I joined the Party.Ill never forget the day on which I joined the Party.The reason for
15、which he refused the invitation is not clear.The reason why he refused the invitation is not clear.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.The house in which I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.1contribute vi.& vt.是的原因之一；捐赠，捐献；增加，添加，撰稿(教材p.48)Noise pollution and light pollu
16、tion in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems.大城市的噪音污染和光污染也可能导致睡眠问题。(1)contribute .to . 把捐献给；向投稿contribute to 捐赠；捐献；有助于；导致；投稿；促成；造成(2)contribution n. 贡献；捐助make a contribution/contributions to 对做出贡献(经典佳句)Many people contributed money to the Hope Project, which contributed to many childrens
17、 returning to school.许多人给希望工程捐钱，这有助于许多孩子重返校园。练透单句语法填空/补全句子In conclusion, all of us should make contributions (contribute) to protecting the environment.Many people are willing to contribute some money to the people in trouble.许多人愿意为困境中的人捐献一些钱。Yuan Longping made great contributions to the development
18、 of agriculture.袁隆平为农业的发展做出了巨大的贡献。Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.位于“一带一路”的交汇处，江苏将为“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。写美补全句子We do hope our suggestions will contribute to solving the problem.我们确实希望我们的建议将有助于解决这个问题。名师点津表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词汇还有：cause，lead to
19、，result in，bring about等。2in the short/long term从短期/长期看(教材p.48)In the short term, people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating.在短期内，有睡眠问题的人往往会感到疲倦，注意力难以集中。(1)in the short run/term从短期看in the long term/run 从长远来看(2)in terms of 在方面；谈及(经典佳句)The agreement should have very posi
20、tive results in the long term/run.从长远来看，这个协议将会产生非常积极的影响。练透补全句子In fact, things could get worse in the short run/term.事实上，事情在短期内可能会变得更加糟糕。In the short term/run, that might not matter.In the long term/run, it surely will.短期内，这可能无关紧要。从长远来看，这肯定是重要的。写美补全句子Following this, staff and students from different
21、clubs will give performances in terms of singing, dancing and so on.随后，来自不同俱乐部的教职员工和学生将在唱歌、跳舞等方面进行表演。3amount n数量vt.& vi.合计；总计(教材p.49)Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep that we get is important to us.每个人都知道，我们获得的高质量睡眠的量对我们很重要。(1)a large/small amount of 大量的/少量的large amounts of 大量的(2)amoun
22、t to 合计；等于(经典佳句)Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money.今天8美元或者10美元好像是很少量的钱。练透单句语法填空As you can see, a large amount of water is wasted (waste) every day.Their annual income amounted to 90,000 yuan last year.写美同义句转换A large amount of money was spent on the bridge.Large amounts of money were spent
23、 (spend)on the bridge.名师点津a large amount of不可数名词谓语动词单数形式；large amounts of不可数名词谓语动词复数形式。4schedule n日程安排，工作计划；时间表vt.为安排时间(教材p.49)Try to stick to your sleep schedule at the weekend too .尽量周末也要坚持你的睡眠时间表(1)on schedule准时；按时间表ahead of schedule 提前(2)be scheduled for 预定；安排be scheduled to do 预定做(经典佳句)The new
24、bridge has been finished two months ahead of schedule.新桥提前两个月完成。练透单句语法填空/补全句子The plane didnt arrive on schedule because of the heavy fog.Our guests are scheduled to arrive at 7：30 this evening.His official visit to Beijing is scheduled for 24 to 27 June.他定于6月24日至27日正式访问北京。The task will be finished ahead of schedule if nothing prevents.如果没有什么阻碍的话，这项任务将提前完成。写美补全句子She is scheduled to give a speech tonight, hoping all of us will attend it.她定于今晚演讲，希望大家都参加。