1、动词语态、时态、语气专题考点汇总&专项训练【考情分析】*改错1.上下文中时态不一致；2语态错用；3虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的错用；4虚拟语气在名词性从句中的错用；5虚拟语气在其他固定句型中的错用。示例：1.When summer camecomes，they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!2About one month after this photo was tooktaken，I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of
2、 the school music club.3If you arewere me，would you talk to them？ *语法填空1.时态的考查主要是一般现在时和一般过去时；2考查被动语态的用法；3考查主谓一致；4虚拟语气主要考查在非真实条件句中的用法以及with，without，but for，or等构成的含蓄虚拟的用法；5考查wish后的宾语从句，as if/as though引导的从句等固定句式中虚拟语气的用法。示例：1.Fast food is(be) full of fat and salt.2Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take
3、 the offer now.But at the moment，school comes(come) first.I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling.” 3Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were(be) too violent for use at the table.4If I hadnt seen(not，see) it with my own eyes，I wouldnt have believed it.5Without his warti
4、me experiences，Hemingway wouldnt/couldnt/mightnt/shouldnt have written(not，write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. 6I wish I had been(be) at my sisters wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then.【语法剖析】*考点一一般时态一、一般过去时1一般过去时的构成一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。不规则动词的过去式的变化规则变化规则例词一般情况在动词后加edl
5、ooklooked以e结尾的动词后加dhopehopedlikeliked以“辅音字母y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加edstudystudiedtrytried以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加edstopstoppedpreferpreferredadmitadmittedpermitpermitted2一般过去时的用法表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often，usually，seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday，the other day，last w
6、eek，the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.1931年亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。二、一般现在时1一般现在时的构成主要用动词原形构成。动词be的第一人称单数形式用am，第三人称单数形式用is，其他人称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形式用has。实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则是：一般情况直接加shate hates结尾为s，x，sh，ch或o，在词尾加esdiscussdiscu
7、sseswashwashesteachteachesfixfixesgogoes结尾为“辅音字母y”变y为i再加escarrycarriesstudystudies2.一般现在时的用法(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always，every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，never，sometimes，usually，every day/night等连用。He often goes to work by bus，and he takes a walk with his wife after
8、 dinner every day.他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天饭后和妻子一块散步。(2)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中表示将来。If it is fine tomorrow，we will go there.要是明天晴天，我们就去那里。(3)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。Look at the timetable.Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20.看看时间表。快点儿吧！4026航班18：20起飞。三、一般将来时1一般将来时的
9、构成由“shall/will动词原形”构成。其中shall用于第一人称，will用于一切人称。2一般将来时的用法表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next year，in一段时间等连用。“will动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。What time is it? 几点了？I have no idea.But just a minute，I will check it for you.我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。3其他表示“将来”的结构及用法(1)“be going to动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。L
10、ook，dark clouds are gathering.It is going to rain soon，I think.瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。Whether in the home or the workplace，social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。(2)“be about to动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。Tom was about to close
11、 the windows when his attention was caught by a bird.汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。(3)“be to动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.到10点你得交上试卷。易错警示：如果表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，要用过去将来时(would/should动词原形)，该时态主要出现在间接引语中。I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I would/should do
12、 next week.我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。示例：.单句语法填空1Do you know if Betty will go hiking this weekend?Betty? Never! She hates(hate) strong sunlight.2I was very angry with Kelvin yesterday.I know your feelings，but if you forgive him，you will be(be) a bigger man.单句改错In 2016，I feel I needed a new challenge so I dec
13、ided to take a filmmaking course.feelfelt *考点二进行时态进行时的构成过去进行时由“was/were现在分词”构成；现在进行时由“am/ is/are现在分词”构成；将来进行时由“will/shallbe现在分词”构成。现在分词的变化规则如下：变化规则例词一般情况在词尾直接加ingask asking以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加ingwritewritingtaketakingfacefacing以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加ingcutcuttingbeginbeginningswimswimming以ie结尾的动词
14、，变ie为y再加inglielyingdiedying二、进行时的用法1过去进行时(1) 表示过去的两个动作中持续进行的一个，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。(2)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time，at that moment，at this time yesterday，at ten oclock yesterday等连用。He must have sensed t
15、hat I was looking at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”他一定感觉到了我正在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，轻轻地说：“你为什么那样盯着我看？”2现在进行时(1)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have，wear，run out等动词。Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running out
16、.We must act immediately before theres none left.洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。(2)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。I hear you are working in a pub.Whats it like?我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？Well，its very hard work and Im always tired，but I dont mind.哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。3将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标
17、志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。示例：单句语法填空1Can I help you，madam?No，thank you.I am waiting(wait) for my order.2A boy trembled in th
18、e cold winter，wrapping his arms around himself on a bus stop bench.He wasnt wearing(not wear) warm clothes and the temperature was 10.3Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon?Im sorry，but by then I will be flying(fly) to Beijing.How about five? *考点三完成时态一、完成时的构成过去完成时由“had过去分词”构成；现在完成时由“have/
19、has过去分词”构成。二、完成时的用法1过去完成时(1)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：before，by then，by that time，by the end of，by the time从句等。It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me.很久以后我才能够完全领会到他们为我做的一切。(2)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。Wh
20、en walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadnt seen for years.沿街走路时，我偶然遇见了戴维，我们已经有好几年没见了。(3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor.昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。2现在完成时(1)表示从
21、过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：since时间点； for时间段等。I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me?我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？Sorry，I havent played the piano for years.抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。(2)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语：already，just，yet，never，before，lat
22、ely，recently，in the last(past) few days/years，up to now，till now，so far等。He has already received three similar invitations this week.本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。In the past few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world.在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了数以千计的电影。(3)在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。Will you come
23、to my office when you have finished your work? 你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？3常使用完成时的句型(1)It is/has been一段时间since sb.did；It was/ had been一段时间since sb.had done sth.自从以来多久了。(2)It(This)is/was the最高级名词(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。(3)This/It /That is the first /.timethat sb.has/have done；This/It /That was the first /.timet
24、hat sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.那是他第三次犯同样的错误了。(4)hardly(scarcely).when./ no sooner.than.( 一就)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。示例：.单句语法填空1I have read(read) half of the English novel，and Ill
25、 try to finish it at the weekend.2Did you have difficulty finding Anns house?Not really.She had given(give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.单句改错This is the first time I had come to Chengdu and I am truly impressed by the lifestyle of people here.hadhave *考点四现在完成进行时一、现在完成进行时的构成
26、考纲对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为：have/has been现在分词。二、现在完成进行时的用法(1)所表示的动作在断断续续地重复。The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的。(2)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去。常见的时间状语：all this morning，this month，these f
27、ew days，since和for引导的状语从句等。The new Star Wars.We have been waiting here for more than two hours.新版的星球大战，我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?打扰了，你们在等着看哪部电影呢？示例：单句语法填空1Dashan，who has been learning(learn) crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the
28、Western standup tradition.2Tom has been working/has worked(work) in the library every night over the last three months.3They had been working(work) on the program for almost one week before I joined them，and now we are working(work) on it as no good results have come out so far. *考点五被动语态一、被动语态的构成形式被
29、动语态由“be过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下：形式时间一般式进行式完成式现在am/ is/ are doneam/ is/are being donehave/has been done过去was/were donewas/were being donehad been done将来shall/will be doneshall/will havebeen done被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。With many forests being
30、 destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut.在我的家
31、乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。易错警示：(1)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。(2)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。二、get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等Whi
32、le waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty.在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。We get paid by the week.我们按周获得薪酬。三、主动形式表示被动意义1在某些“主语(人/物)be形容词不定式”中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。The problem is difficult to w
33、ork out.这道题很难计算出。2在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing/to be repaired.这房子需要修理。3当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I
34、think it is suitable for us teenagers.你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。4“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well.这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。5be to rent/blame主动形式表被动意义。Who is to blame for the mistake?谁应为此
35、错误接受谴责？示例：.单句语法填空1He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he was being followed(follow). 2More efforts，as reported，will be made(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supplyside structural reform.单句改错In the 1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home，and wireless phones h
36、adnt invented yet.在invented前加been *考点六虚拟语气一、if条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟条件句虚拟情况主句从句与现在事实相反主语should/would/could/mightdoif主语过去式(be用were)与过去事实相反主语should/would/could/mighthave doneif主语had过去分词与将来事实可能相反主语should/would/could/mightdoif主语过去式/were to do/shoulddoGrace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she
37、were to live there，she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。If the new safety system had been put to use，the accident would never have happened.要是新的安全系统被投入使用的话，这起事故就不会发生了。We would be back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.如果你没有把地图丢了的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。
38、易错警示：(1)如果在表示虚拟语气的if从句中含有were，had或should，可将if省略，然后将were，had或should移至主语之前。(2)如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常有明显的时间状语。二、含蓄条件句的虚拟语气有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有：without(要是)没有；but for要不是；otherwise/or否则等。Do you have Bettys phone number?你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？Yes.Otherwise，I woul
39、dnt have been able to reach her yesterday.有，不然我昨天就联系不上她了。Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison.要不是托马斯爱迪生，我们现在从中受益的很多东西就不会存在。三、 虚拟语气在从句中的运用1三个固定句式中的虚拟语气虚拟 情况句式虚拟现在虚拟过去虚拟将来if only引导的条件句及感叹句过去式had过去分词would/could/might动词原形as if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句过去式had过去分词wou
40、ld/could/might动词原形It is (high) time that.过去式或should动词原形Look at the trouble we are in.If only we had taken our teachers advice！看看我们所处的困境，要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好！It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？It is high time that we took/should take so
41、me measures to solve the problem.确实到了我们采取措施解决问题的时候了。易错警示：当as if/though引导的句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气。2在名词性从句中的运用(1)wish后的宾语从句中的谓语可用一般过去时，had过去分词和could/might/would动词原形，分别表示与现在、过去相反的情况和与将来情况可能相反。I wish that I had met that film star yesterday.我希望昨天见到那个影星了。Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I danc
42、ed as well as her.埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊。(2)在“It is/wasadj./donethat.”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用(should)动词原形。常见的形容词或过去分词有：important，necessary，strange，suggested，ordered，advised，requested，demanded 等。It is necessary that we (should) clean the room every day.我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。It is required that middle school st
43、udents (should) take at least one hour exercise every day.中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。(3)在表示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后的宾语从句中，以及这些动词的名词形式后面的同位语或表语从句中的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。常见的此类动词：一坚持(insist)二命令(order，command)三要求(require，demand，request)四建议(suggest，advise，propose，recommend)。She suggested that Dale join the debating team，b
44、elieving that practice in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.她建议戴尔参加辩论队，她认为辩论队里的演讲练习会给予他所需要的信心和认可。He insisted that the problem (should) be discussed at the meeting.他执意要求在会上讨论这个问题。My desire is that we (should) not quarrel over such things again.我的希望是我们不再为这样的事情争吵了。易错
45、警示：当suggest作“暗示，表明”，insist作“坚持认为”讲时，从句要用陈述语气。(4)would rather所接的宾语从句中，从句的谓语如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生过的动作，从句用过去完成时。We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.我们宁愿女儿待在家，陪在我们身边，但是选择权在她手上，毕竟她不再是个孩子了。示例：.单句语法填空1Why didnt you tell me a
46、bout your trouble last week? If you had told(tell) me，I could have helped.2It is lucky we booked a room，or we would have(have) nowhere to stay now.3We would have put(put) Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.4My mom suggests that we(should) eat(eat) out for a change this w
47、eekend.5It is high time that we should devote/devoted(devote) ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.单句改错1We lost our way in that small village，otherwise we will have visited more places of interest yesterday.willwould2I believe well turn our school into a better place.How
48、I wish we can enjoy a better school life.cancould3They met for the first time，but they talked happily as if they have been good friends for a long time.havehad【技巧点拨】时态语态语气与语法填空时态语态语气与短文改错1.第一步，如果括号中给出的词是动词，首先分析句子成分，看句子是否缺谓语。2第二步，确定缺少谓语之后，根据具体的语境、时间状语等确定使用哪种时态。3第三步，根据主语和谓语动词的逻辑关系确定语态。六根据定时态：1根据语篇和上下文
49、整体把握时态；2根据时间状语判断时态；3根据连词连接成分的对称原则辨清时态；4第四步，根据主语确定谓语动词在人称和数上的一致性。5第五步，注意虚拟语气中的时态，除了if虚拟条件句，还应注意虚拟语气的标志词，如：suggest，would rather，as if，wish，otherwise，or，but for等。4根据主句谓语识别从句时态；在复合句中，主句用现在时态，从句可根据需要用各种时态；主句用过去时态，从句一般用过去的某种时态。5根据固定句式要求改正时态；6根据虚拟语气定时态：若是考查虚拟语气，注意分清主句与分句中的时态关系以及不同句式中的虚拟语气构成形式是否正确。【综合训练】*单句
50、改错1Dont be sleepy all day.Its time that you fight for your dream.2If I am you，I would consider a bike as a birthday present for him.3The food was tasted good and we had fun together.4Mother promised she will buy me a bike.5In the past two and a half years，our school had organized many activities. *短
51、文改错Today，at the local convenience store that I work，an elderly man with a guide dog come in.He went to the shelf where there were all kinds of greeting card.He picked up a card，held it up extreme close to his eyes，and struggled read it.Just as I was about to walk over to help him，I found the little
52、girl，who was about ten years old，asked him that he needed help.Before heard his answer，she started to read him almost every single greeting card out loudly until when the elderly man smiled.He said，“Thats perfect! His wife will love that one！” *单句语法填空1Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming
53、， (regard)as one of the best allround forms of exercise.2While online shopping (change) our life，not all of its effects have been positive.3Christmas is the most important festival in the western world.It (fall) on December 25.4They had to wait and (hope)that someone would come and help them.5Nowada
54、ys，cell phones have features such as games，music and calendars and more new functions (add)6If we (book) a table earlier，we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.7Due to the hard training they (do) before，their performances were very impressive.8Jack has never been to China，but he talks about it as if
55、 he (be) there many times.9More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.10Sooner or later those dishonest people (pay) a price for their acts; on the contrary，when we are honest，we are truly free. *语篇语法填空I was driving home late at night 1 my car lost momentum(动力)and got slow
56、er and slower.Nothing I did seemed to make any 2 (different)“It cant be the fuel，” I thought.The petrol gauge (汽油量表) was showing I had plenty 3 (leave)Then my car died completely after I 4 (manage) to roll to the side of the road.It was an extremely dark，lonely country road.Neither a single person 5
57、 any traffic was in sight at all.I felt like an idiot.I should not have left without charging my cell phone.The battery was dead and I was alone without any way 6 (contact) my family.Time dripped slowly like a leaking tap.“God，help me！” I begged anxiously.“Is there someone who will be kind enough to
58、 stop and help me out？” 7 ，there was no sign of anyone.I was starting to panic， 8 (feel) completely abandoned.Suddenly I saw a faint light 9 the distance.I waved my white scarf as hard as possible.It was a huge lorry.The driver stopped and kindly drove me to the nearest hotel， 10 I had a rest，and th
59、en I called my family and explained what had happened.How lucky I was! When he stopped for me，I felt as if I had just found a million dollars.参考答案：*单句改错1. fightfought或在fight前加should2. amwere3. 去掉was4. willwould5. hadhas*短文改错Today，at the local convenience store I work，an elderly man with a guide dog
60、in.He went to the shelf where there were all kinds of greeting .He picked up a card，held it up close to his eyes，and struggled read it.Just as I was about to walk over to help him，I found little girl，who was about ten years old，asked him he needed help.Before his answer，she started to read him almos
61、t every single greeting card out loudly until the elderly man smiled.He said，“Thats perfect! wife will love that one！”*单句语法填空1) is regarded2) has changed3) falls4) hoped5) are being added6) had booked7) had done8) had been9) will be built10) will pay*语篇语法填空1when2difference3left4managed/had managed5nor6to contact7However8feeling9in10where