1、 专题六名词和冠词1.(2019浙江高考，57)Everybody wears _ same style of clothes.答案：the此处特指校服的款式相同，the same . “相同的”。2(2018全国卷，62)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.答案：the此处特指“过去的25年”，应用定冠词the。3(2018全国卷，62)Unexpectedly, Im facetoface with the go
2、rilla, who begins screaming at _ top of her lungs.答案：theat the top of ones lungs意为“声嘶力竭”，此处表示大猩猩声嘶力竭地发出吼叫声。故填the。4(2017全国卷，65)As _ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.答案：aas a result是固定搭配，意为“结果”。5(2017全国卷，64)This included digging up the road, laying the tra
3、ck and then building a strong roof over _ top.答案：the此处特指“顶部”，故用定冠词the。6(2018全国卷，短文改错)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents._答案：第一个to后加thecountryside常与定冠词the搭配，意为“乡下，乡村”。7(2019全国卷，短文改错)Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique st
4、yle._答案：anaunique是读音以辅音音素开头的单词，其前用a，不用an。8(2018全国卷， 短文改错)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons._答案：thea此处指作为一个孩子，表泛指，应用不定冠词a。不定冠词的基本用法不定冠词a/an使用场合例子1具有泛指的概念，表示“一类”或“其中的一个”A horse is a useful animal.2初次提到某人或某物I need a notebook.3在速度、比率、价格等前面You can buy secondhand books at a low price in one of our sch
5、ool societies. 4用在某些物质名词前，该物质名词便具体化了Would you like a coffee or a tea? 5用在某些抽象名词前，该抽象名词便具体化了He has a good knowledge of chemistry. 6用在专有名词前，表示类似的一个或某一个He is a Jiao Yulu. 7表示“同一个”的意思The two boys are of an age.8表示独一无二的名词前有形容词修饰时，其前加不定冠词I could see a rising sun then.9不定冠词的特殊位置：how/so/as/too形容词不定冠词名词Never
6、 will you meet so kind a teacher( such a kind teacher) like him. 10名词前冠词a或an的使用应根据发音而不是单词的首字母a university; a European country; an hour; an honest man11表示季节、星期、三餐名称的名词前有形容词修饰时，其前需用不定冠词a cold winter; a rainy Monday; a delicious supper12用在序数词前表示“再一”，“又一”She thanked him a second time.拓展常见带有不定冠词的短语：a han
7、dful of 一把，少量in a hurry 匆忙a length of 一根，一段 in a word 总之a variety of 种种 in a low voice 低声地a waste of time 浪费时间 a world of silence 无声的世界a total of 总共 all of a sudden 突然an average of 平均 as a matter of fact 事实上80 km an hour 每小时80公里have a good time 玩得开心three times a day 一天三次 make a fire 生火at a time 一次，每
8、次 pay a visit to 拜访an hour and a half 一个半小时do sb. a favor 帮一个忙定冠词the的主要用法拓展固定搭配 by the hour按小时计算in the 1990s在二十世纪九十年代at the age of在岁时at the beginning of在的开始at the foot of在的脚下at the mercy of任凭的摆布in the distance在远处in the distant future在遥远的将来on the one hand . on the other hand . 一方面另一方面on (the) top of在
9、顶上on the phone在电话里on (the) air正在广播/播放on the contrary正相反break the law违法form the habit of养成的习惯in the habit of有的习惯不用冠词的几种情况使用场合例句1季节、节日(用day表示的节日前)、星期、三餐(前面没有修饰词时)等之前，一般不加冠词。the Spring Festival (Festival表示的节日前加the)There are a lot of activities at the beach in summer.2名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时，一般不
10、加冠词Please give another example to illustrate your point.3专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词Air, water and light are all matter.4球类、棋类、学科等名称前，一般不加冠词I have been learning English for 8 years. 5称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前，不加冠词He was elected monitor of our class. 6在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词At two oclock in the afternoon, w
11、ell gather at the school gate, after which well set out for the destination by bus.7turn(变成，成为)后面的名词前不加冠词。但become后面的名词前一定要加冠词My dream was to become a teacher when I grew up, but I turned writer 20 years later.8在一个以“普通名词as”所引导的让步状语从句中，该普通名词前不加冠词Child as he is, he knows a lot. Although he is a child,
12、he knows a lot.9泛指复数名词前不用冠词Optional courses enable students to engage in what they are really interested in and what they are willing to devote to.10school, church, prison, hospital前不加冠词，表示抽象的概念Our school is quite close to our home, so we can go to school together by bike.11绝对不可数名词，如fun, news, infor
13、mation, word(消息), advice, nature，前不用不定冠词We not only gain a wellbalanced life through going in for sports, but also get more chances to make more friends and stay closer to nature. 拓展固定搭配deeply/heavily in debt 负债累累in good health 身体安康in good condition性能良好in great demand 急需in great need of 急需in danger有
14、危险in office就职in honor of为了纪念in trouble陷入麻烦in favor of赞同with anger怒气冲天in/within sight 在视野之内in (out of) order 秩序井然(无序)on business 出差on holiday 度假on leave 休假on watch 值班on fire失火heart and soul 全心全意knife and fork 刀叉husband and wife夫妇brother and sister兄弟姐妹from morning till night从早到晚on horseback骑着马at sea在海
15、上(尤指乘船)，不知所措特殊情况有无冠词意义不同无冠词有冠词1out of problem不成问题out of the problem不可能2take place发生；举行take the place of代替3in hospital住院in the hospital在医院里4at table在吃饭at the table在餐桌旁5in front of在前方in the front of在前部6three of us我们中的三个人the three of us我们三个人7on earth究竟on the earth在地球上8go to school上学go to the school去学校9
16、in charge of负责in the charge of由负责10in control of控制in the control of由控制11in possession of拥有in the possession of由拥有用定冠词不定冠词意义不同不定冠词定冠词1a number of许多the number of 的数量2the second第二个a second又一，再一.单句语法填空1(2019中央民大附中月考)Besides, you can just put the contents of the basket into your suitcase if you are in _
17、hurry to leave for the airport.答案：a此处是in a hurry固定短语，意为“急于做某事”。句意：此外，如果你急于动身去机场，你可以把篮子中的东西放进你的行李箱。2(2020石家庄市重点高中高三毕业班摸底考试)It also publishes literary works, but mainly short stories and poems, as well as humorous sketches (小品) and its unique style of _ New Yorker cartoons.答案：thethe New Yorker纽约客为报刊杂志
18、类，前面加定冠词the。3(2019广东省肇庆市蓝精灵中学高三月考)If you are interested in _ certain article or you think it of great importance, you can download and store it for future use.答案：a设空处后面的certain表示“某种，某一”，通常与不定冠词a连用，构成a certain修饰后面的名词。4(2019河南省巩义市高三模拟考试)To ease the worldwide communication among nations, we should crea
19、te _ common language and provide courses of it.答案：a此处表示泛指一种共同的语言，故使用a。5Now, years later, this river is one of _ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.答案：the“one ofthe可数名词的复数形式”结构，表示“之一”。6Instead of winning the gold medal as had been expected, this world record holder only came _ fifth i
20、n the game.答案：/句意：没有像人们预料的那样赢得金牌，这个世界纪录保持者仅在比赛中屈居第五。come fifth意为“位列第五”，序数词作状语时，其前不用冠词。7(2019广东省高三“六校联盟”第一次联考)To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered _ apology of his own.答案：an此处空格后面是apology，其发音是以元音音素开头，故使用an。8Researchers have not found _ cure, but they are deve
21、loping a better understanding of the disease.答案：a句意：研究人员们还没有找到治疗方法，但他们对那种疾病有了更好的了解。cure意为“治疗方法”时是可数名词。9How beautifully she sings! Ive never heard _ better voice.答案：a句意：她唱得多么动听啊！我从来没听过比这更动听的声音。“否定词不定冠词比较级名词”，表示最高级意义。10Sam has been appointed _ manager of the engineering department to take _ place of G
22、eorge.答案：/; the句意：萨姆接替乔治被任命为工程部经理。表示职位、头衔的名词作表语、主语补足语、宾语补足语或同位语时，前面不用冠词；take the place of意为“代替，取代，接替的位置”，为固定短语。.单句改错1To be a honest person is the most important wealth in our life._答案：aanhonest的读音是以元音音素开头的，此处表示“一个诚实的人”，用an honest person。2(2019青海省西宁市四中高三一模)Weighing too much can damage your health, an
23、d obesity is the growing problem for both kids and adults around the world._答案：第一个thea此处表示泛指，意思是“一个日益严重的问题”，故使用不定冠词a。3I cant tell you the way to the Wilsons because we dont have Wilson here in the village._答案：第二个Wilson前加a人名前用不定冠词表示“某一”。句意：我无法告诉你去威尔逊家的路，因为我们这个村没有叫威尔逊的人。4I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen._答案：kitchen前加the这个句子变为直接引语为“Mom, you stay in the sitting room, and I cook in the kitchen.”，此处表示谈话双方都知道的事物，故用定冠词the。5It was a sunny day in the spring. The sun shone brightly._答案：去掉spring前的the表示季节的名词spring, summer, autumn, winter前没有形容词修饰时，一般不用冠词。