1、题型专项突破 第 二 部 分 专题五 短文改错 第二节 句法及语篇型错误02 高 效 演 练 栏目导航01 解 题 技 巧 一、主谓一致错误1名词作主语时谓语动词单复数的误用可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词应该用单数。【典例1】(2017全国卷)When summer came，they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!01 解 题 技 巧 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。时间状语从句的主语为“summer”表示单数，所以应用第三人称单数形式。答案：camecomes解析：考查主谓一致。句中主语是we，为复
2、数形式，故应该是were。答案：waswere【典例 2】(2016浙江卷)He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowingknow us.2非谓语动词或从句作主语时主谓一致错误动名词、不定式或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。注意：名词性从句作主语表示复数概念时，谓语动词应用复数。【典例3】The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.答案：havehas【典例4】Whether the temp
3、le should(be)pulled down have caused a heated discussion.答案：havehas3“就近”与“就远”原则的错用(1)“就近”原则常见的有：either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，not.but.等；(2)“就远”原则常见的有：as well as，but，except，(together)with等。【典例5】I as well as my parents are going to New York City this month.答案：aream【典例6】Not only my parents
4、 but also I are good at dancing and singing.答案：aream解析：此句为倒装句。Around me in.放在句首所以应倒装，主句的主语为the things，所以用are作谓语。【典例8】Among all my friends are a special one Im most thankful to.答案：areis4倒装句的主谓一致错误在倒装句中要找出句子的主语，从而判断谓语动词的单复数。【典例 7】(2017全国卷)阿凡题1084578Around me in this/the picture are the things they tha
5、t/which were very important in my life at that time.解析：行文逻辑错误。not only.but also.不仅而且，连接并列成分。答案：andbut二、连词错误1并列连词的错用常见的并列连词有：and(表示顺承)，but(表示转折)，or(表示选择)，so(表示因果)。【典例 9】(2017全国卷)阿凡题1084579I hadhave grown not only physically，and also mentally in the past few years.【典例10】I was fed up with it，and I coul
6、dnt make her stop.答案：andbut2定语从句中关系词的错用或缺失(1)that与which的错用。在不定代词、最高级、序数词等后用that；在非限制性定语从句和介词后用which；(2)关系代词与关系副词的错用。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；关系副词在从句中作状语；(3)关系词的缺失。主要考查在there be结构中，容易受汉语影响而漏掉用作主语的关系词who/that/which等。解析：考查关系代词。此处是非限制性定语从句，且关系代词在从句中作主语，指代上文的garden，所以用which来引导该定语从句。答案：thatwhich【典例 11】(2017全国
7、卷)阿凡题1084580In their spare time，they are interestinginterested in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house.【典例12】Its really luck(lucky)I came to a restaurant that I am known.答案：thatwhere【典例13】There are many people think that wealth is better than health.答案：people后加wh
8、o或thinkthinking3状语从句连接的词错用(1)应搞清是何种状语从句以及它们的连接词；(2)不要把介词误用作连接词，例如during和with为介词，不能引导状语从句；(3)应注意容易混淆的连接词，如when，while和as；before和since；unless和until等；(4)应注意常见的固定句式，如“Its一段时间since.”等。【典例14】(2015浙江卷)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom，I will never forget it.答案：IfThough/Although【典例15】In
9、a fact，he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.答案：duringwhen【典例16】She kept on turning back to see me unless we couldnt see each other any long(longer)答案：unlessuntil【典例17】It is three years when I became a high school student.答案：whensince4名词性从句连接词的错用或缺失(1
10、)从属连词(that/whether/if)与连接副词(when，where等)之间的错用。从属连词不作成分，而连接副词作状语；(2)连接代词(what，which和who等)之间的错用。引导名词性从句且在从句中作主语或宾语时应用what(什么)；which(哪一个)；who(谁)等，注意它们之间意义的差别；(3)从属连词与连接代词(what，which，who等)之间的错用。从属连词不作成分，而连接代词需作成分；(4)从属连词that与whether/if之间的错用。that不作成分，没有实际意义；whether/if也不作成分但有实际意义，有“是否”之意；(5)从属连词that的缺失。th
11、at引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般不能省略，引导宾语从句时可以省略。【典例18】(2016全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.解析：考查宾语从句。此处表达的是“靠近我所居住的地方”，故需将that改为where。where在此引导宾语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。答案：thatwhere【典例19】(2016全国卷)The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holi
12、day.解析：考查疑问词。分析句子可知，are talking about后为“疑问词to do”作宾语的结构，且do缺少宾语，故将how改为what。答案：howwhat【典例20】(2015新课标全国卷)After looks(looking)at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.答案：wherethat或去掉where【典例21】There is no doubt whether it is of great help to their study and fu
13、ture life.答案：whetherthat【典例22】And you should also have a belief you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.答案：在belief后加that三、句子成分赘余1程度副词多余一般来说，程度副词不能连用，例如，用了so就不要再用very或too；有了具体的距离，就不要再用far。【典例23】(2015新课标全国卷)He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.答
14、案：去掉very【典例24】Here I am in the middle of a city,350 miles far away from our farmhouse.答案：去掉far2定语从句中含有多余的代词或副词既然引导词已经替代了代词或副词，那么再用代词或副词就属于多余【典例25】(2017吉林省实验中学三模)The first thing you must do it is to smile at your classmates.答案：去掉it【典例26】(2017宁夏一中二模)Last week，I returned to the village where I grew up
15、there in my childhood.答案：去掉there3句子成分冗余受汉语思维影响，出现汉语式结构，造成冗余。例如汉语可以说“虽然但是”，但在英语中although与but不能连用。【典例27】(2016全国卷)Though not very big，but the restaurant is popular inour area.答案：去掉but。英语中，在一句话里，though和but不能连用。4连词的连用错误在名词性从句中，从属连词和连接代词/连接副词不能连用。【典例28】(2014四川卷)If you notice that when someone is missing a
16、nd(or)hurt，tell your teacher immediately.答案：去掉when四、平行结构错误并列连词and，or，but等连接的平行结构中前后词类、结构应一致。【典例29】(2014四川卷)Dont panic or get out of line，and trying to remain quiet and calmly(calm)答案：tryingtry【典例30】(2014新课标全国卷)We can lie on the grass for a rest，or sat by the lake listening(to)music.答案：satsit五、句子粘连错误
17、句子粘连是指两个或两个以上的独立分句没有适当的标点符号或连词连接的句子。修改方式为：把后面的分句改成定语从句，或用and把两个分句连接起来。【典例31】As I was leaving the grocery store this afternoon，I saw a poor familya mother and her four kid(kids)sitting in the cold，it brought back memories from when I was a child.答案：itwhich或it前加and六、上下文中时态不一致若上下文叙述的是同一件事情，则时态应具有一致性。(1
18、)若上下文是一般过去时，则同样用一般过去时；(2)若上下文是一般现在时，则同样用一般现在时。【典例32】(2015高考浙江)In the mornings，it was full of students exercising.The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.答案：iswas【典例33】When English is an only language in class，students will have more opportunity to practise listening and speaking.How
19、ever，there were problem with this method.答案：wereare七、上下文中代词指代不一致(1)若文中出现代词，它所代替的词一定存在于文章的某个地方，要注意它们的一致性。(2)注意一些不定代词的准确意义。如both，neither，either表示两者；而all，none表示三者或三者以上。【典例34】(2016全国乙卷)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time.Instead，he hopes that our business will grow steady.答案：ourhis 由句子的主语he可知，他希望他的(his)生意稳步增长。【典例35】(2014陕西卷)My uncles immediate(immediately)jumped up and shot their arrows on(at)the bird.Neither of the arrows hit the target.答案：NeitherNone02 高 效 演 练 谢谢观看