1、Period Learning About Language(见学生用书P8)Once the science with wings of fantasy, it can win.一旦科学插上幻想的翅膀，它就能赢得胜利。Build up your vocabulary1_wear_and_tear_(正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗2_conclusion_ n. 结论；推论3penicillin n. _青霉素；盘尼西林_4_flee_ vi.& vt. (fled, fled) 迅速离开；逃跑5circumstance n. usually pl._条件；环境；状况_6_novel_ n. (长
2、篇)小说_novelist_n. 小说家7_flow_ n. 流；流动；流畅；供应vi. 流；流动8_chart_ n. 图表vt. 记录；制订计划9flow chart _流程图_1Did you come to any conclusions?你得出什么结论了吗？(教材P4)conclusion n. 结论；推论(1)arrive at/come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论jump to conclusions 匆忙下结论in conclusion 最后(2)conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出conclude从推断出conclude sth
3、with sth以结束conclude by doing sth 做结束 【活学活用】(1)He _came_to/arrived_at/reached/drew_the_conclusion(或concluded)_that there were many people who knew nothing about first aid. 他得出结论，许多人对急救一无所知。(2)_In_conclusion_，Id like to say that the party leaves a deep impression on me. 最后，我想说，这个聚会给我留下深刻的印象。(3)He _con
4、cluded_his speech _with_a famous saying, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”他以一句名言“有志者事竟成”结束他的演讲。(4)Jack said he could conclude _from_Janes expression that Jane had stolen his money.But everyone knew Jack always came to a _conclusion_(conclude) without any evidence. In _conclusion_ (conclude),
5、nobody was likely to believe Jane was a thief. 杰克说，他可以从简的表情中得出结论，简偷了他的钱。 但每个人都知道杰克总是没有任何证据就得出他的结论。 最后，没有人可能相信简是个小偷。2There is nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our control.我们帮不了琳达什么忙。她的处境是我们无法控制的。(教材P5)circumstance nusually pl. 条件；环境；状况in/under the circumstances在这种情况下in/un
6、der no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不(置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装) 【活学活用】(1)Apparently we cant deal with the problem until we know all the_circumstances_显然，我们只有在了解全部情况后才能处理这个问题。(词汇复现记忆)(2)In conclusion，_in/under_no circumstances shall we give up our belief that we can make this world a better place to live in.总之，我们决不能放
7、弃我们可以使这个世界成为一个更美好的生活场所的信念。3I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart.人们要求我在流程图的帮助下解释这个项目。(教材P5)flow(1)n. (the movement of something in one direction)流；流动；流畅；供应(2)vi.(of liquids, gases or electricity) to move in one direction, especially continuously and easily流动；流flow through流
8、经flow into 不断流入，涌进flow from 从流出；由引起，来自flow out (of) (从)流出 【活学活用】(1)There is a steady flow of traffic.车辆川流不息。(2)The river _flows_through_ three counties before_flowing_into_the sea just south of here.这条河在汇入此处正南方的大海之前流经了3个县。(3)With fewer cars on the roads, traffic is _flowing_(moving forward) more smo
9、othly than usual.路上的车少了，交通比平时更通畅了。Discover useful structures非限制性定语从句(见学生用书P9)读下列教材原句并感知黑体部分的共性。1This years Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (cowinner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria2Tu Youyou went to Hainan
10、, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.3Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. 4This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.5I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, which
11、was a big challenge for me. 我的发现：(1)以上句子中包含_非限制性_定语从句，从句与主句之间用_逗号_隔开。(2)非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之中(如句_2_和句_4_)，前后有_逗号_隔开，也可以置于主句之后(如句_1_、句_3_和句_5_)。(3)非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是指人或指物的某一名词(如句_1、2、3、4_)，也可以是指前面的整个句子，如句5)。探究点1非限制性定语从句的特点根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。1非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句作补充说明；如果
12、去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。2非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是指人或指物的某一名词或代词，也可以是短语甚至是整个句子。在翻译成中文时，常可译成一个并列句。Here is the man, who has been punished by the boss.这就是那个人，他被老板处罚了。The project, which lasted three years, cost no less than $1 billion.这个工程历时3年，耗资多达10亿美元。探究点2引导非限制性定语从句的关系词关系代词有 which、who、whom、whose、as; 关系副词有 w
13、hen、where。非限制性定语从句修饰人时，用who(主格)，whom(宾格)，whose(所有格)，即在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词指人且作主语时，只能用who; 作宾语时，只能用whom，不能省略。在修饰物时用which而不能用that。Mr Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my fathers.张先生昨天来看我，他是我父亲的一位老朋友。(修饰人，且作主语)She had seven children，three of whom lived to grow up.她生了7个孩子，其中3个长大成人。(修饰人，
14、且作介宾短语的宾语)Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。(修饰物，且作主语)He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他将把野餐推迟到 5 月 1 日，那时他将有空。(修饰时间，且作时间状语)She is going to live in Beijing, where she has some close friends. 她将住在北京，在那里她有几个好朋友。(修饰地点，且作地点状语)1that和why不能引导非限制性定语
15、从句。 2非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用 why 引导，而用 for which 代替 why。I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting.我已经告诉了他们我没有参加会议的原因。3引导非限制性定语从句，若关系代词所指代的先行词是整个主句，则关系代词用as或which。as引导非限制性定语从句时，通常用在表示肯定意义的从句中，而不能用在表示否定意义的从句中；which则不受此限制。(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句常可看作固定结构：as isas weas has been(2)as所引导的非限制性定语从句位置比
16、较灵活，既可置于主句前面或后面，也可插入主句中间；而which所引导的非限制性定语从句位置比较固定，通常位于句末。As we all know, smoking is harmful to our health.众所周知，吸烟有害健康。(as 指代主句内容，位于句首)The singer, as was expected, achieved great success.正如所预料的那样，这位歌手取得了巨大的成功。(as 指代主句内容，位于句中，用逗号隔开)She is always careless，which led to so many mistakes in the exam.她总是粗心
17、，这导致考试中出现很多错误。(which 指代主句内容，位于句末)4“名词/代词ofwhich/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句。I have many friends, some of whom are experts.我有许多朋友，其中有些是专家。(先行词指代人)There are 30 chairs in the hall，most of which are new.大厅里有30把椅子，绝大部分是新的。(先行词指代物)Light is the fastest thing in the world，the speed of which is about 300，000 kilometres
18、 per second. 光是世界上最快的东西，它的速度是每秒约 30 万千米。(先行词指代物)探究点3限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别类别限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句功能修饰限制(只可修饰先行词) 补充说明(可修饰先行词或主句)意义去掉后，句意不完整 去掉后，句意仍完整形式 不用逗号与主句隔开 用逗号与主句隔开关系词作宾语时可省略 作宾语时不可省略可用 that 不用 that可用 why不用 why，用 for which代替 why翻译先译定语从句，后译先行词，常译作“的” 可译为并列句【巧学助记】定语从句好分辨，没有逗号即为“限”，逗号一出定“非限”； 关系引导所用词，随着“
19、先行”巧妙变；“非限”that和why靠边站；“非限”引导全不省(全部不可省略)；“as”殊词记心间， the same/such.as.连；“正如、正像”意恒念，固定搭配多锻炼。关系代词、人称代词、指示代词的选择：I met Professor Xu, who told me the result of the election.(定语从句)I met Professor Xu, and he told me the result of the election.(并列句)我遇到了许教授，他告诉了我选举的结果。This is my smartphone and it was bought y
20、esterday.(并列句)This is my smartphone, which was bought yesterday. (定语从句)这是我昨天买的智能手机。He came late again and this made his boss angry.(并列句)He came late again, which made his boss angry.(定语从句)他又迟到了，这使他的老板很生气。单句语法填空1He has three sons, none of _whom_ is an architect.2He has three sons, but none of _them_(
21、they) is an archaeologist.3This is the room _where_they had a quarrel a week ago.4The land is known for a historic site with beautifully coloured walls, on _which_ are painted the events of the past.5Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and wa
22、s spread over the garden, _where_ it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it.6I had told them the reason, _for_which_ I didnt visit them.7He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, _whom_ he loved and respected as his own mother.8The American journali
23、st, _whom_ the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast, is said to have been killed by the gangsters.9He bought the car for more than $20，000, _at/about_which_ his father was angry.10Living in the Central Australia desert has its problems，_of_which_ getting water is not the least.温馨说明：课后请完成高效作业2)