1、2021届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习（二）一：词组梳理1 Be lacking in 缺乏；2 Be longing for sth 渴望某物；be longing to do sth 渴望去做某事；3 Be responsible for 对负责；4 Be satisfied with 对满意；5 Be successful in doing sth;做某事成功；6 Be tired of sth/doing sth;厌倦某事/做某事；be tired from sth/doing sth因某事疲惫；7 Be to blame;受责备，承担责任；8 Belong to 属于；9 Break
2、away from摆脱；脱离；Break down坏了；抛锚；break out爆发；break off中断；break up 分解；break into piece打破成碎片；10 Bring about 带来，造成；bring up抚养；bring down使下降；bring in引进；bring on引起，导致；11 Build up 增强；12 Burst into tears/laughter 突然哭起来/笑起来；burst out crying/laughing 突然哭起来/笑起来；13 Call for 要求；call on 拜访；call up 打电话；14 Carry out
3、实施；carry on 继续,进行；15 Catch up with 赶上；catch sight of 看到；16 Compare A with B.把A与B比较；17 Congratulate sb on sth祝贺某人某事；18 Be filled with 充满；19 For the sake of 为了起见；20 Free from 没有，免除；21 Get over 克服，恢复；get rid of 摆脱，消除；get through 通过；22 In common with 与一样；23 In favor of 喜欢；24 In honor of 为了纪念；为了欢迎；25 In
4、search of 寻找；26 Stand for 代表，表示；27 provide sth for sb,provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物；28 Be familiar with 对熟悉；29 Be similar to 与相似；30 Take in吸收，欺骗；take up 占据；take it for granted that认为是理所当然；take on 呈现；take pride in 以为自豪；31 Stick to 坚持；32 Think highly of 高度评价；33 On condition that 在条件下；34 On the contrary
5、相反；35 In a hurry 匆忙；36 In terms of 就而言；37 On the whole 总的来说；38 Have/get access to 可以获得；39 Pay attention to 关注；40 Have an effect/influence on 对有影响；二：习题训练（A） Atoms and molecules in the air move constantly. 1 In high-pressure systems, the molecules inside the system move faster than those that surround
6、 it. The opposite occurs in low-pressure systems, where the air inside the low is moving more slowly than in the surrounding area.Air flows around a high-or low-pressure system in much the same way as water swirls (旋涡) around a hole. In the Northern Hemisphere, air that moves into a high-pressure sy
7、stem flows outward in a clockwise pattern. Air flowing upward in a region of low pressure moves counterclockwise. 2Air is more dense (密集的) in a region of high pressure, so the air pushes out toward less dense regions. The air mass begins to warm as it goes down, which prevents the formation of cloud
8、s. The presence of clouds indicates that rain may be present in the air. 3 In a region of low pressure, the air rises. As it does, the air mass cools and clouds form from the humidity (湿气) inside the air mass.4Once the droplets are heavy enough, they fall to the ground. When temperatures are warm, r
9、ain is the result. If temperatures are low? the result is snow. When water droplets fall through relatively warmer or colder air masses on the journey to Earth, the low- pressure system may bring snow or ice.Rain associated with low-pressure systems holds true in much of the Northern Hemisphere. 5 S
10、o in tropical areas, rain association with highs or lows is less predictable.AThis movement creates air pressure.BSo we can predict rain from the clouds.CBut the air pressure changes little in tropical climates.DThe higher the air pressure is, the faster the winds blow in and outwards.E. Humidity in
11、 the rising air of a low-pressure system becomes water droplets.F. This swirling air results in winds around or near the high-and low-pressure boundaries.G. High-pressure systems have light or no clouds, indicating fair weather without rain.（B） Consider how difficult the idea of a patent was to a wo
12、man in the early 19th century. As daughters, their property belonged to their father; as wives, their property belonged to their husband. In a land where women could neither own goods nor enter into contracts with suppliers, it seemed impossible for women to apply for a patent.But a woman in Connect
13、icut named Mary Dixon Kies had an idea worth patenting. It came to her during a time of fashion emergence in the United States. In 1807, President Thomas Jefferson decided to ban the import of British goods. In the end, the official freeze in trade proved to be a disaster, causing exports to drop sh
14、arply. Just 15 months of the ban forced the American fashion industry to turn inward. Now that New England couldnt ship goods, it had to make them instead. Kies wasnt the first woman to improve hat making at that time. A young girl named Besty Metcalf, who saw a straw hat in a store window that she
15、couldnt afford, went home and came up with a different technique to make her own. I hat idea turned New England into a hotbed of straw hat making.Though Metcalt never patented her straw hat-making technique, when Kies came up with her idea she did. Her own method was to weave silk or thread into the
16、 straw, creating a pleasing appearance. One took advantage of a relatively new law, the 1790 Patent Act, which allowed all persons ask for protection of their original methods and designs, and got the first patent ever awarded to a woman on May 15, 1809.Kies method took off and fueled the growing st
17、raw hat industry. When Lames Madison President that year, he sighed Kies patent and First lady Dolley Madison apparently was so taken with Kies creation that she wrote to her and congratulated her on helping women in the industry.1What is the first paragraph mainly about?AContract law.BPatent applic
18、ation.CWomens status in the early 19th century.DFamily conflicts in the early 19th century.2What did American fashion industry have to do around 1808?AExport raw materials.BFind financial support.CImprove its export trade.DProduce its own clothing.3What was the advantage of Kies hats over Metcalfs?A
19、They were more beautiful.BThey were more eco-friendly.CThey were much lighter.DThey were much cheaper.4What was First Lady Dolley Madisons attitude towards Kies creation?ADoubtful.BAdmiring.CDisapproving.DUninterested.答案及解析A【答案】AFGEC【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了气压与雨的关系。1由空格前一句“Atoms and molecules in the air move
20、constantly.”可知，空气中的原子和分子是不断地在运动的。选项A“This movement creates air pressure.”表达的是“这种运动产生了气压。”选项A中的this movement指代的是前一句中的“move constantly”，两者相呼应。故选A。2由第二段的第二句“In the Northern Hemisphere, air that moves into a high-pressure system flows outward in a clockwise pattern.”和第三句“Air flowing upward in a region o
21、f low pressure moves counterclockwise.”可知，在北半球，在高压系统里的空气以顺时针方式向外流动。在低压地区向上流动的空气则是以逆时针方向移动。选项F“This swirling air results in winds around or near the high-and low-pressure boundaries.”表达的是“这种旋转空气形成了高低压附近后置周围的风。”选项F中的this swirling air指代的前面的“顺时针方向流动或者逆时针方向流动的空气”，两者相呼应。故选F。3由第三段的第二句“The air mass begins t
22、o warm as it goes down, which prevents the formation of clouds.”和第五句“In a region of low pressure, the air rises.”，第六句“As it does, the air mass cools and clouds form from the humidity (湿气) inside the air mass.”可知，当气团往下沉的时候，它开始变暖，这可以阻止云的形成。在低压地区，空气是上升的。当它上升的时候，气团冷切，云会从气团里的湿气那形成。由此可见，空格前后分别在讲述高气压和低气压会形
23、成不同的天气，空格处需填写高气压形成好的天气，和后文的“低气压形成云”进行对比。选项G“High-pressure systems have light or no clouds, indicating fair weather without rain.”表达的是“高压系统有薄云或者无云，意味着没有雨的晴天”，符合语境。故选G。4由后一句“Once the droplets are heavy enough, they fall to the ground.”可知，一旦小水滴足够多了，它们就会落地。选项E“Humidity in the rising air of a low-pressur
24、e system becomes water droplets.”表达的是“低压上升空气里的湿气会变成水滴。”，选项E中的water droplets和后一句中的the droplets相呼应。故选E。5由后一句“So in tropical areas, rain association with highs or lows is less predictable.”可知，所以在热带地区，雨和高压或者低压的联系是难以预测的。这是在讲述热带地区的气候状况。选项C“But the air pressure changes little in tropical climates.”表达的是“但是在
25、热带气候气压变化很少。”，这也是在讲述热带地区的气候。和后一句相呼应。故选C。B【答案】CDAB【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了女性拥有申请专利权的由来。1主旨大意题。由第一段“Consider how difficult the idea of a patent was to a woman in the early 19th century. As daughters, their property belonged to their father; as wives, their property belonged to their husband. In a land where w
26、omen could neither own goods nor enter into contracts with suppliers, it seemed impossible for women to apply for a patent.”（想想看，在19世纪早期，专利权的概念对一个女人来说是多么的困难。作为女儿，他们的财产属于父亲；作为妻子，他们的财产属于丈夫。在一个妇女既不能拥有商品也不能与供应商签订合同的土地上，妇女似乎不可能申请专利。），可知在19世纪早期女性地位很低，无法拥有自己的所属物，所以第一段主要讲19世纪初妇女的地位。故选C项。2细节理解题。由第二段中的“In 180
27、7, President Thomas Jefferson decided to ban the import of British goods.”（1807年，托马斯杰斐逊总统决定禁止进口英国商品。）和第三段中的“Just 15 months of the ban forced the American fashion industry to turn inward. Now that New England couldnt ship goods, it had to make them instead.”（仅仅15个月的禁令就迫使美国时装业转向内向。既然新英格兰不能运输货物过来，美国只能制
28、造货物。），可知在1808年前后，美国时装业生产自己的衣服。故选D项。3细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Though Metcalt never patented her straw hat-making technique, when Kies came up with her idea she did. Her own method was to weave silk or thread into the straw, creating a pleasing appearance.”（虽然Metcalt从未申请过草帽制作技术的专利，但当Kies想出她的主意时，Kies做到了。Kies自己的方
29、法是把丝或线织进稻草里，创造出一种令人愉悦的感觉外表。），可知Kies的帽子比Metcalt的帽子更漂亮。故选A项。4推理判断题。由最后一段中的“When Lames Madison President that year, he sighed Kies patent and First lady Dolley Madison apparently was so taken with Kies creation that she wrote to her and congratulated her on helping women in the industry.”（当年当Lames Madison是总统时，他感叹Kies的专利，而第一夫人Dolley Madison显然对Kies的发明非常着迷，于是写信给她，祝贺她帮助了这个行业的女性。），可推断出第一夫人Dolley Madison很欣赏Kies的创作。故选B项。