1、专题二 说明文型阅读简答 专题二 说明文型阅读简答 专题导读专题二 专题导读 说明文也是阅读简答题常见的体裁之一。把握说明文的语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的常见写作顺序有：时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)，认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。文章通常层次清晰，整体性强，易读易懂。真题典例专题二 真题典例 2008湖南卷 Every January,Breckenridge hosts the International Show Sculpture Championships.Fo
2、urteen teams travel from all over the world to Switzerland to compete.Teams sculpt for sixtyfive hours over five days.Each team hopes that when the time is up,its sculpture will be judged the best.As the championship begins,the fourteen teams are faced with huge blocks of snow that weigh twenty tons
3、 each.The sculptors bring out their favorite tools that work best on the hard iced snow,but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity.专题二 真题典例 Most teams are inspired by what they have seen in daily life.For example,one team carved a teapot with tea pouring out.Another team sculpted
4、a little cat on its hind feet(后脚)reaching into a fish bowl complete with water ripples(涟漪)and a crab(螃蟹)trying to attack the cat.In 2006,Team USA sculpted a golden dog looking at its image reflected in a mirror.To create the effect that the little dog saw its reflection in the glass,the artists carv
5、ed two dogs facing each other with their paws(脚爪)touching.As the final hours of the competition tick by,exhausted team members add lastminute details.They use small brooms to brush off snow caught in tiny 专题二 真题典例 holes.One team member counts down the last five minutes while others are busy cleaning
6、 up the tools.If they leave any tools behind,they will be out.When the whistle blows,everyone must step away from the sculpture.The judges then vote on creativity,technical skills,and visual impact(视觉效果)of the designs.In 2006,Team USA took first place for their golden dog sculpture titled“Discovery”
7、.But the competition is not just about medals and ribbons.“Its not about the prize，”said Rob Neyland,Team USAs captain.“Its about touching the audience.”专题二 真题典例 Every year,as the championship ends,each team is already dreaming of the next masterpiece it will design.1What kind of tools are the sculp
8、tors NOT permitted to use?(no more than 6 words)_ 2What gives the sculptors ideas for their creative work?(no more than 9 words)_ 3Why did Team USA win the competition in 2006?(no more than 15 words)_ 专题二 真题典例 【解析】本篇为介绍国际冰雕锦标赛的说明文。主要介绍参赛队伍创作冰雕作品的方法与过程、冰雕作品的评奖细则以及参赛队伍对锦标赛的体会等。1The tools that use elec
9、tricity.抓住问题关键词“tools,not permitted to use”后不难在第二段找到信息句The sculptors bring out their favorite tools that work best on the hard iced snow,but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity.由此可判断作答。2The things they have seen in daily life.问题关键词“ideas for their creative work”可在第三段找到信息句Most t
10、eams are inspired by what they have seen in daily life.由此可判断作答。专题二 真题典例 3Because its sculpture was judged the best for creativity,technical skills and visual impact.根据第四段提到的评奖细则The judges then vote on creativity,technical skills,and visual impact of the designs.可推断作答。新题预测专题二 新题预测 (一)The flag，the mos
11、t common symbol of a nation in the modern world，is also one of the most ancient.With a clear symbolic meaning,the flag in the traditional form is still used today to mark buildings,ships and other vehicles related to a country.The national flag as we know it today is in no way a primitive artifact(手
12、工艺品)It is,rather，the product of thousands of years development.Historians believe that it had two major ancestors,of which the earlier served to show wind direction.专题二 新题预测 Early human beings used very fragile houses and boats.Often strong winds would tear roofs from houses or cause high waves that
13、 endangered travelers.Peoples food supplies were similarly vulnerable(脆弱的).Even after they had learned how to plant grains,they still needed help from nature to ensure good harvests.Therefore they feared and depended on the power of the wind,which could bring warmth from one direction and cold from
14、another.Using a simple piece of cloth tied to the top of a post to tell the direction of the wind was more dependable than earlier methods，such as watching the rising of smoke from a fire.The connection of 专题二 新题预测 the flag with heavenly power was therefore reasonable.Early human societies began to
15、fix long pieces of cloth to the tops of totems(图腾)before carrying them into battle.They believed that the power of the wind would be added to the good wishes of the gods and ancestors represented by the totems themselves.These flags developed very slowly into modern flags.The first known flag of a n
16、ation or a ruler was unmarked.The king of China around 1000 BC was known to have a white flag carried ahead of him.This practice might have been learned from Egyptians even further in the past,but it was from China that 专题二 新题预测 it spread over trade routes through India，then across Arab lands，and fi
17、nally to Europe,where it met up with the other ancestor of the national flag.1What does the flag mean to a nation?(No more than 9 words)_ 2How many ancestors were believed to have by historians?(No more than 1 word)_ 专题二 新题预测 3Why were the earliest flags connected with heavenly power?(No more than 1
18、0 words)_ 4Whats the main idea of the passage?(No more than 6 words)_ 专题二 新题预测 【解析】1It is the most common and ancient symbol.根据第一段The flag，the most common symbol of a nation in the modern world，is also one of the most ancient.可判断作答。2Two.根据第二段Historians believe that it had two major ancestors,of whic
19、h the earlier served to show wind direction.可判断作答。3Because they were believed to stand for natural forces.综合倒数第二段内容可判断作答。4The development of the National Flag.综合全文内容再结合最后一段第一句可判断作答。专题二 新题预测 (二)Vitamin D helps bones and muscles grow strong and healthy.Low levels of vitamin D can lead to problems like
20、 rickets(佝偻病)and osteoporosis(骨质疏松).Rickets is a deformity mainly found in children.Osteoporosis is the thinning of bone,a common problem as people,especially women,get older.Studies have suggested that vitamin D may also have other uses.Studies have shown that low levels of vitamin D may increase t
21、he risk of heart attacks and deaths from some cancers.Other studies have shown that people with rheumatic diseases(风湿病)often have low levels of vitamin D.专题二 新题预测 The easiest way to get vitamin D is from sunlight.The ultraviolet rays react with skin cells to produce the vitamin.But many people worry
22、 about skin cancer and skin damage from the sun.Darker skinned people produce less vitamin D than lighter skinned people.Production also decreases in older people and those living in northern areas that get less sunlight.Not many foods naturally contain vitamin DFoods with high levels include oily f
23、ish such as salmon,tuna and mackerel,and fish liver oils.The researchers reported in 2007 that farmed salmon had a lot less vitamin D than wild salmon.专题二 新题预测 Small amounts of vitamin D are found in beef liver,cheese and egg yolks.And some people take dietary supplements containing the vitamin.But
24、most of the vitamin D in the American diet comes from foods like milk with the vitamin added.These days,more doctors are testing for vitamin D levels in their patients.But as research continues,some experts worry that if people take too much vitamin D,it might act as a poison.Also,skin doctors warn
25、people to be careful with sun exposure.专题二 新题预测 How much vitamin D does a healthy person need?Nutrition experts advised the American government to set the current recommendations in 1997.It set the daily amount at two hundred international units from birth through age fifty.It set the level at four
26、hundred international units through age seventy,and six hundred for age seventyone and over.“But some groups say these amounts are not high enough”1What will happen to the bone if a woman suffers from osteoporosis?(No more than 4 words)_ 专题二 新题预测 2How is vitamin D produced in our body?(No more than
27、11 words)_ 3List three groups who are likely to have less vitamin D?(No more than 11 words)_ 4What conclusion can we draw about the daily intake of vitamin D from the last paragraph?(No more than 10 words)_ 专题二 新题预测 【解析】1It will thin./It will become thinner.根据第一段Osteoporosis is the thinning of bone,
28、a common problem as people,especially women,get older.可判断作答。2The sunlight ultraviolet rays react with skin cells to produce it.根据第三段The ultraviolet rays react with skin cells to produce the vitamin.可判断作答。3Older people,darker skinned people,and those living in northern areas.根据第四段Darker skinned peopl
29、e produce less vitamin D than lighter skinned people.Production also decreases in older people and those living in northern areas that get less sunlight.可判断作答。专题二 新题预测 4People over 50 need more vitamin D when getting older.根据最后一段It set the daily amount at two hundred international units from birth through age fifty.It set the level at four hundred international units through age seventy,and six hundred for age seventyone and over.可判断作答。