1、Section Learning about LanguageUnit 5 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero语 言 基 础 自 测.基础词汇1_ n.质量；品质；性质2_ adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的3_ vt.建立；建设4_ n.舞台；阶段；时期5_ vt.&vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决6_ vt.进攻；攻击；抨击qualitymeanfoundstagevoteattack.拓展词汇1_ adj.积极的；活跃的actively adv.积极地activityn活动2_vt.献身；专心于_adj.忠实的；深爱的devotion n热爱；献身；奉献3_ adj.
2、和平的；平静的；安宁的peacefully adv.和平地peace n和平；平静；和睦active devote devoted peaceful 4_ n指导；领导guide v指导；带领5_ adj.怀有希望的；有希望的hope n希望；愿望6_n暴力；暴行violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的violently adv.猛烈地7_adj.相等的；平等的equality n平等；相等 equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地guidance hopeful violence equal 寻规律、巧记忆n.fuladj.v.(e)dadj.successful成功的faithful忠
3、实的joyful高兴的interested感到有趣的developed发达的amazed感到惊讶的.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1be active _在积极；活跃2be generous _对慷慨3_ of work 失业4_ attack 遭受进攻in with out under 5_ a matter of fact 事实上6blow _使充气；爆炸7be equal _与相等；胜任8._ trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中9turn _求助于；致力于as up to in to 10be willing 乐意 to 寻规律、巧记忆inn.介词短语to作介词的短语in
4、danger处于危险中in debt负债in power当权look forward to期盼pay attention to注意lead to导致.经典句式必背1However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。记句式结构This is/was a time when.这是一个时期。仿写促落实This was a time when almost everyone wants to be famous.这是一个几乎
5、人人都想出名的时代。2The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。记句式结构无生命事物作see，find，witness的主语往往意为“经历，见证了”仿写促落实Dusk saw the little b
6、oy wandering in the street.黄昏时，这个小男孩在街上闲逛。3.we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government.我们被置于这样一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。记句式结构“either.or.”意为“要么要么；不是就是”仿写促落实Put this dictionary either on the bookshelf or on the desk.把这本词典放在书架上或桌子上。4.on
7、ly then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。记句式结构“Only状语”位于句首用倒装仿写促落实Only then did I realize the mistakes I had made.只有到那时我才意识到我所犯的错误。核 心 要 点 探 究 quality n质量；性质；品质(教材 P33)And what qualities does a great person have？并且一个伟人有什么样的品质呢？of high/good quality优质的of low/poor qua
8、lity劣质的可作定语或表语in quality 在质量上One quality of wood is that it can burn.木材的一项特质就是能燃烧。Wine _ high quality costs more than that of poor quality.优质酒比劣质酒花费多。There is no difference _ quality between these goods.在质量方面，这些货物不会有区别。of in 名师点津 quality作“质量”讲时通常用作不可数名词；而作“品质”讲时多用作可数名词。mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的；刻薄的v意思是；意
9、欲；打算；意味着(1)be mean to sb.对某人刻薄be mean with sth.对某物吝啬(2)mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing 意味着be meant for 本应为；注定要成为(3)means n.方式；途径She was never meant for a nurse.她根本就不是当护士的料。The rich boss who is usually mean _ his workers is very mean _ money.那位富有的老板通常对他的工人很刻薄，他对钱非常吝啬。Success，then，means never _(feel)ti
10、red.成功意味着永不疲倦。to with feeling devote vt.(与 to 连用)献身；专心于(经典例句)A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.伟人是把自己的一生致力于帮助别人的人。(1)devote.to(doing)sth.把献给(做)某事devote oneself tobe devoted to献身于；专心致力于(2)devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的(3)devotion n.奉献；关爱He devoted himself entirely to education
11、.他将一生奉献给了教育事业。Qian Xuesen has been devoted _ Chinas aerospace all his life.钱学森将其一生奉献给了中国的航空航天事业。Neighbors devoted their spare time to _(help)others rebuild.邻居们利用他们的业余时间帮助他人重建。to helping 语境助记 He is so devoted to his English teaching that I admire him for hisdevotion.他是如此致力于他的英语教学，以至于我对他的奉献感到敬佩。out of
12、 work 失业(教材 P34)Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there，and I worried about whether I would become out of work.可悲的是，我没有身份证，因为我不是在那里出生的，因而我担心我会失业。out of a job 失业out of breath 上气不接下气out of order 出故障out of control 失控out of danger 脱离危险Work hard，or you will be out of work.好好干，不然你会失业的。When w
13、e reached the top of the mountain，we were all _我们到达山顶时，都上气不接下气。out of breath The machine is _ and it doesnt work as usual to produce things of high quality.这台机器出故障了，不能像平常那样正常运转生产出高质量的东西了。The car went _ and knocked into a tree.那辆车失控了，撞到了一棵树上。out of order out of control vote vt.&vi.投票；选举 n.投票；选票；表决(教材
14、 P34)Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。vote on 就投票vote for/against 投票赞成/反对vote to do sth.投票去做某事We voted to decide whether the meeting was to be held on Sunday.我们投票决定周日是否开会。Whether you vote _ or _ the plan doesnt seem to matter very much.你赞成还是反对这项计划似乎并不重要。The ch
15、airman asked us to vote _ the plan.主席让我们就这项计划投票表决。for against on attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击；(疾病等的)侵害(教材 P34)We chose to attack the laws.我们选择向法律进攻。(1)attack sb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而责难某人be attacked with 患/得(病)(2)make an attack on/against 攻击；袭击；抨击under attack 遭到攻击；遭到抨击a heart attack 一次心脏病发作The newspapers made
16、an attack on/upon the Prime Minister because of the new law.由于这项新法令的颁布，各报纸纷纷对首相进行抨击。The city came _ attack during the night.城市在夜间遭到袭击。He _(attack)with disease；this was why he was absent.他患病了，这就是他没来的原因。under was attacked equal adj.相等的；平等的 n.相等的人；同等物 vt.比得上；胜过；等于；和相等(教材 P34)But I was happy to help bec
17、ause I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但是，我乐意帮忙，因为我知道，这有助于实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。(1)be equal to 与相等；能胜任(2)be without equalhave no equal 无敌；没有能比得上的(3)equal sb.in.在方面比得上某人(4)equally adv.相同地；相等地(5)equality n.平等Learning to deal with the social world is equally impo
18、rtant.学会应对社交世界是同等重要的。Nobody can equal him in intelligence.没有人在智力方面能比得上他。In spelling，she had no _(equal)在拼写方面没有人能比得上她。They are of equal height，but I think Robert is equal _ the job.虽然他们水平一般高，但我认为罗伯特能胜任这项工作。equal to 语境助记 Boys and girls must be treated equally in education.They shouldhave equal right t
19、o study.在教育方面，男孩和女孩必须被平等对待，他们应有平等的学习权利。in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中(教材 P35)Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.当身处困境时伊莱亚斯去见了纳尔逊曼德拉。get(.)into trouble(使)陷入困境have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth./with sth.做某事有困难take the trouble to do sth.不辞劳苦做某事make trouble 制造麻烦Dont make trouble wi
20、th me!别跟我捣乱！You could ask the teacher for help when you have trouble/difficulty _(learn)English.当你学英语有困难时，你可以向老师寻求帮助。He took _ trouble to gather the materials for me.他不辞辛劳地为我收集资料。(in)learning the turn to 求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向；从事于(教材 P35)Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and whit
21、e people equal?纳尔逊曼德拉为什么求助于暴力，以达到黑人和白人的平等？写出下列句中turn to的含义He was the one I always turned to for strength._If you turn to Page 40，you will find it._More and more people turn to computer science._Their talk turned to the change that had happened._She often turns to the book for guidance._求助于翻到从事于转向查阅t
22、urn around/round转过去；转身turn up 调高；出现turn down 调低；拒绝turn on/off 打开/关闭turn in 上交turn out 生产；制造；结果是turn over 翻过来；移交Turn around and let me look at your back.转过身去，让我看看你的后背。He tried to join the army but was turned _ because of poor health.他想参军，但因身体不好被拒绝了。The news turned _ to be true.那消息被证明是真的。down out 语境助记
23、 This morning，my grandmother turned on the radio to listen to thenews as usual.She felt she could not hear clearly，so she turned itup.But it was of no use.She had to turn to my father for help.I saw myfather turn off the radio and turn it over to see what was wrong.It turned out that the button didn
24、t work any more.My father repaired it and toldmy grandmother to turn down the radio，for the neighbors little babywas sleeping.今天早上，祖母像往常一样打开收音机听新闻。她感觉听不清楚，便把声音调大。但是这不起作用，她只得求助于我父亲。我看到父亲关掉了收音机并翻过来看哪里出了问题，原来是按钮坏了。我父亲修好按钮后告诉祖母把声音调小，因为邻居家的小孩儿正在睡觉。(教材P34)However，this was a time when one had got to have a
25、 passbook to live in Johannesburg.然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。【要点提炼】This is/was a time when.“这是一个的时期”。There was a time when.曾有一段时间at a/the time when.在的时候At the time when I saw him，he was very young.当初我见到他的时候，他还很年轻。There was a time _ women were not allowed to go to school.曾经有一段时间，妇女不被允许去上学。when(教材
26、P34)The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。【要点提炼】(1)see在此处的主语为物，意为“见证；目睹”，是一种拟人的用法，可使语言变得生动。The old temple has seen gr
27、eat changes of the village in the past two hundred years.这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变化。The last 5 years have seen the rapid development in the Internet.过去的五年见证了互联网的迅速发展。_ a little girl crying in the street.黄昏时，一个小女孩在街上哭。The dusk saw(2)句中where引导定语从句，先行词为stage。We just hope to reach a point where both sides w
28、ill sit down and talk together.我们只是希望达到双方能坐下来一起谈判的地步。You could get into a situation _ you have to decide immediately.你可能遇到一种情况，使你不得不立刻作出决定。where(教材P34).only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。【要点提炼】“only副词”置于句首时，句子部分用部分倒装。当“only副词/介词短语”置于句首时，后面句子要用部分倒装，即把助动词、系动词
29、或情态动词提到主语的前面。Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这种方法，你才能解决这个问题。Only when I left my parents for Italy _ I realize how much I loved them.只有当我离开父母去意大利时我才意识到我多么爱他们。did 名师点津 only的小陷阱(1)当only修饰状语从句时，主句部分倒装，被only修饰的状语从句部分不倒装。(2)only不置于句首不倒装。(3)当only修饰主语时，句子不用倒装。1(教材P34)However，this was a time w
30、hen one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.【分析】本句是主从复合句。a time 是先行词，when 引导的是定语从句且在从句中作状语。【译文】然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。2(教材P34)Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there，and I worried about whether I would become out of work.【分析】本句是并列句。and连接了两个并列分句，在第一个分句中，because引导的
31、是原因状语从句。在第二个分句中，whether引导的是宾语从句。【译文】可悲的是，我没有身份证，因为我不是在那里出生的，因而我担心我会失业。3(教材P34)But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.【分析】本句是主从复合句。But I was happy to help是主句。because引导的是原因状语从句，it would help us achieve our dream of making black
32、and white people equal是省略了连词that的宾语从句。【译文】但是，我乐意帮忙，因为我知道，这有助于实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。随 堂 效 果 落 实.单词拼写1The woman is too _(吝啬的)to make a donation.2You must try to improve the _(质量)of all your goods.3Do you know when the government was _(成立)?4She takes an _(积极的)part in school life.mean quality founded active 5A
33、ll people are _(平等的)，having the same rights as each other.6I was a fairly good football player in my _(青年时期)7China is playing an important role on the international political _(舞台)8Bill is a _(大方的)person，who has given millions of dollars to help those people in the disaster-hit area.equal youth stag
34、e generous.单句语法填空1I think you should settle your problem in a _(peace)way.Fighting cant solve any problems.2He offered _(guide)to the poor people on their legal rights.3Its _(legal)to read peoples private letters without permission.peaceful guidance illegal 4The lawyer is _(will)to help those in tro
35、uble.5The money was divided _(equal)among her four children.6We all know that everybody likes to work with whoever is _(rely)and easy to get on with.7Nowadays many school children devote too much time to _(play)computer games.willing equally reliable playing 8_(found)in last century，the church has a
36、 history of about 90 years.9Amy had great trouble _(make)up her mind to send her daughter to go abroad.10There was once a time _ black people were treated badly.Founded(in)making when.选词填空in trouble，as a matter of fact，under attack，out of work，vote for，turn to，blow up，be equal to1He didnt obey the r
37、ules of the company，so he is _now.2You might think we are close friends._，I dont know the person who spoke to me just now.out of work As a matter of fact 3In modern society，many people often _ the Internet for help when they run into problems.4I think he should be given the position because he _ it.
38、5He was very happy when many supporters _ him.6Miss Zhou，a warm-hearted and helpful lady，always helps those who are _turn to is equal to voted for in trouble 7The General commanded the soldiers to _ the bridge before the enemies came.8When an animal is _，it can run away or fight back.blow up under a
39、ttack.完成句子1这座石桥见证了这个城市的诸多变化。The stone bridge _ of this city.2那个时候，美国依然还有奴隶。That was _ there were still slaves in the USA.3只有在那时，我才有实现梦想的机会。Only then _ a chance to achieve my dream.saw many changes a time when did I have 4事情已发展到双方家长必须被叫来的程度。The incident had reached to _ both their parents were to be called in.5受到成功的鼓励，他开始把更多的时间投入到写作中。Encouraged by success，he began to _a stage where devote more time to hiswriting Thank you for watching!