1、语法填空解题技法面面观技巧一 就近就远，解决主谓一致1(2017天津卷)Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming,_(regard)as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.分析：is regarded 三种锻炼形式与动词regard之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语后有along with连接的短语时，谓语动词的数应与主语保持一致，即与cycling一致，此处谓语动词应用单数形式，故填is regarded。2 (2016 全 国 卷)Leaving the less importan
2、t things until tomorrow _(be)often acceptable.分析：is 分析句子结构可知，句中动名词短语 leaving the less important things until tomorrow 作主语，故谓语动词用单数。技巧二 牢记句型，攻破强调句3(2017天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors.分析：that 此处是“It is/was.that.”强调句式，强调的是when 引导的时间状语从句，故填 that。4(2016天
3、津卷)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists.分析：that 本题考查强调句型，at the hotel 是被强调部分，缺少强调句式中的 that，故填 that。技巧三 识别标志词，破解倒装句5(2015天津卷改编)Only when Lily walked into the office _ she realize that she had left the contract at home.分析：did only 修饰状语或者状语从句位于句首时，主句谓语动词要用部分
4、倒装，根据句子可判断此处借助动词来构成倒装，且根据题干可知是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。短文改错设题角度类类通类型一 主谓不一致错误1(2016浙江卷)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us._分析：waswere 句意为：他会问我们是谁，并且假装不认识我们。ask 后的宾语从句的主语是 we，所以谓语动词用复数，而主句用了 would ask，所以谓语动词用过去时，故改 was 为 were。2(2014陕西卷)Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky they
5、looked like rain!_分析：waswere 此句主语arrows为复数形式，故谓语动词也要用相应的复数形式。3(2014辽宁卷)The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby._分析：havehas 此处 barking 是动名词作主语，故谓语动词用单数形式。类型二 省略过程中偷梁换柱4(2014湖南卷改编)Children,when accompanying by their parents,are allowed to enter the
6、stadium._分析：accompanyingaccompanied 在状语从句中，当主句主语与从句主语一致，且谓语动词含有 be 或 be 的某种形式时，可以省略从句中的主语和 be。从句的完整形式为 when they are accompanied by.，省略了 they are。5(2016全国卷)At last,I will be on my own,but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help._分析：whenever 后加 I whenever 引导的时间状语从句缺了主语，根据句意可知，此处
7、应加主语 I。类型三 强调句中连词使用错误6(2014福建卷改编)It was the culture,rather than the language,what made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad._分析：whatthat 本句是一个强调句型，其基本结构是：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他，本句被强调部分是the culture,rather than the language,故用 that。类型四 漏掉倒装句中的助动词/情态动词/be 动词7(2015湖南卷改编)Only after ta
8、lking to two students I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals._分析：在 students 后加 did 分析句子结构得知 only 引导的状语位于句首时要用部分倒装形式。部分倒装需要把助动词/情态动词/be 动词提前，根据句子可判断此处借助助动词 did 完成倒装。答题必备关键点考点一 主谓一致1(2017贵阳监测)We can also see being honest are easier said than done._分析：a
9、reis 考查主谓一致。动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。2(2017甘肃兰州一中高三月考)Each student learn a foreign language,mostly English,from Day One of their compulsory education._分析：learnlearns 主语是 each student，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。3(2017吉林长春外国语学校第二次质量检测)You are the most considerate person who know exactly what I need in our class._分析：kno
10、wknows know 是定语从句中的谓语动词，其形式由先行词 person 确定。由于 person 是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。4(2017合肥第一次检测)Its fun for amateurs to try,but to become good at it,not only years of practice but also natural talent _(need)分析：is needed 考查主谓一致和被动语态。“not only.but also.”作主谓，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则，故此处谓语动词应用单数。natural talent 与动词 need 之间是动宾
11、关系，故用 is needed。5(2017浙江宁波九校联考)Its said that not getting enough sleep _(lead)to poor judgement,lack of creativity,and even depression.分析：leads 从句中主语 not getting enough sleep 是动名词结构，谓语动词应用单数形式，根据主句的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，所以填 leads。6 (2017 福 建 福 州 十 三 中 期 中 考 试)About one thousand graduates took exams for it,b
12、ut only a few was chosen and I was one of them._分析：第一个 waswere 根据主语 only a few 可知，谓语动词用复数形式。(一)主谓一致的基础“3原则”主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。1语法一致原则(1)主语后跟有 with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to 等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。The
13、leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。My father,together with his workmates,has been to Beijing.我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。(2)and，both.and.连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由 and 连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词需用单数形式。Her teacher and her fri
14、ends are in the sitting-room.她的老师和朋友都在客厅。The poet and writer has produced many works.这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。2就近一致原则(1)由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.或者是你或者是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。(2)由there，her
15、e引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There are three chairs,a desk and a computer in the room.房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。3意义一致原则(1)“no/eath/every/many a单数名词andno/each/every/many a单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都有很好的理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄
16、傲。(2)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。(二)主谓一致的3种特殊情况1“many a/more than one单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。2all，the rest，the remaining/part.主语，谓语动词应根据句子所表达的单复数意义而定。The fi
17、rst part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining wasdull.讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。3“几分之几/百分之几of名词”结构作主语时，一般根据of后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。About one third of the books are worth reading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.昨天只做了60%的工作。考点二 特殊句式1(2017湖南长郡中学等四校联考)There has a big library
18、in our school._分析：hasis 句意：我们学校有一个很大的图书馆。本题考查there be句型。没有there have/has句型。2(2017福建福州八中高三质检)Therefore,it was no doubt that I was left alone,suffering from loneliness and failure._分析：itthere there is no doubt that.是一个固定句型，意为“毫无疑问”。3(2017湖南株洲教学质量检测)How an interesting country to live in!_分析：HowWhat 根据
19、whata/anadj.单数名词可知，应用 what 引起感叹。4(2017广西梧州高三一模)Freddy gave him a job and housing and lent him pocket money while _(train)him.分析：training 根据宾语 him 判断，train 在此是动词，其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，故省略了主语be，补充全为：while he was training him，故填现在分词。5(2017湖北荆门调研)It wasnt until in high school _ I began to trust other people aga
20、in.分析：that 句意：直到上了高中我才开始再次信任别人。本句考查强调句型“It is/was被强调部分that其他成分”。6(2016全国卷)It could be anything gardening,cooking,music,sports but whatever it is,_(make)sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.分析：make 句中动词短语置于句首，构成祈使句，故用动词原形。7(2017湖北襄阳四校联考)Although it was ten year
21、s ago _ I read the book,it shows me a universal truth that books are friends,always pushing us to move on.分析：that 分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型，强调时间状语，所以填 that。1强调句式(1)强调句式的常用结构：陈述句：It is/was被强调部分that/who.一般疑问句：Is/Was被强调部分that/who.?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat.?It is/was not until.that.It is only by listening to and
22、understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过倾听和相互理解，孩子和父母之间的问题才可能被解决。It was not until twelve oclock last night that I went to bed.昨天晚上我一直到十二点才睡。Was it yesterday that you met your old friend in the supermarket?你是昨天在超市遇到你的老朋友的吗？(2)强调谓语动词时，要在所强调的谓语动词前加助动词do，do
23、es或did。The family did manage to send him to a technical school.家里的确设法让他上技术学校。2祈使句祈使句表“请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告”等。基本结构为：“动词(短语)原形连词句子(一般用将来时)”。有时为了加强感情色彩或特别指明向谁发出命令或要求时，可以加上 you，Mary，girls 等作为称呼。Tom,water the flowers today!汤姆，今天浇花！3反义疑问句反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分用陈述句形式，后一部分是一个附加在前一部分上的简单问句，本着“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则，附加问句部分的动词以及主语
24、取决于陈述句。Your parents had a long talk with you last weekend,didnt they?你的父母上周末和你进行了一次长谈，是吗？注意：祈使句的反义疑问句一般用 will you 或者 wont you 的形式。Lets 开头的祈使句，反义疑问句用 shall we；Let us 开头的祈使句，反义疑问句用 will you。4There be结构 There be/stands/lies.There is no possibility that.There is no sense of doing sth.There is no need to
25、 do sth.There seems to be.The Public Square is a famous sight of the city.There stand many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.大众广场是这个城市著名的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。5感叹句(1)what 引导的感叹句Whata/an(adj.)单数可数名词(主语谓语)!What a good heart you have!你的心肠真好！Whatadj.不可数名词/可数名词复数！What interesting stories hes tol
26、d us!他给我们讲的故事真有趣！(2)how 引导的感叹句Howadj./adv.(主语谓语)!How clever the boy is!这男孩真聪明！Howadj.a/an单数可数名词(主语谓语)!How clever a boy he is!这男孩真聪明！考点三 倒装原则要记牢1(2017湖北荆州中学四次质检)Only then _ we realize there was an earthquake.I was too frightened to move.分析：did 句意：只有在那时我们才意识到地震发生了。我太害怕了以至于一动不动。“Only状语”位于句首，后面的句子需要部分倒装
27、。本句介绍的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故填 did。2(2017江苏连云港灌南华侨双语学校月考)Now,just in front of the house _(stand)a tall tree with a history of 100 years.分析：stands 句意：现在，就在这座房子前面耸立着一棵有100 年历史的大树。表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词，后面的主语、谓语部分需用全部倒装形式；根据时间状语 Now 可推知设空处需用一般现在时；本句主语为单数第三人称，故填stands。3So necessary _ I found it to learn about my
28、 kids schoolwork that I will visit his teachers next week.分析：have 考查 so.that 倒装句式，正常语序为 I have found it so necessary to learn about my kids schoolwork that I will visit his teachers next week.。4Not a single word _ he say when he was asked,which made his parents angry.分析：did 否定副词 not 位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，由w
29、hen he was asked 可知应用助动词 did 倒装。1在下列情形下需要使用部分倒装：(1)当否定词或带有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，常用部分倒装。这类词或短语有：little，few，never，seldom，rarely，by no means，not only，not until，at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，in no way，no sooner，hardly，scarcely 等。Not only will help be given to people to find jobs,but also medi
30、cal treatment will be provided for people who need it.不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些有需要的人提供药物治疗。Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.我不知道这件事，也不关心。(2)当 only 修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，用部分倒装。(2014湖南高考单项填空)Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有当你找到内心的平静时你才能
31、与他人保持良好的关系。(3)so/neither/nor 置于句首时，用部分倒装。They love having lots of friends;so do those with disabilities.他们喜欢交很多朋友，那些身有残疾的人也是如此。使用特点：(4)在so/such.that.结构中，当“so形容词/副词”或“such名词”位于句首时，用部分倒装。So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他说英语说得如此清晰，以至于别人都能听得懂。(5)在as/though引导的让
32、步状语从句中，当从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。Hard as they tried,they couldnt make her change her mind.尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。2在下列情形下需要使用完全倒装：(1)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，句子需用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。The moment the bell rang,out rushed the
33、children.铃一响，孩子们冲了出去。(2)当地点状语位于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，为了避免头重脚轻，句子需进行完全倒装。Next door to ours live a foreign couple,who seem to have settled into life in China.我们隔壁住着一对外国夫妇，他们看起来已经习惯了中国的生活。课堂巩固训练.单句语法填空1(2017湖北四地七校联考)In recent years,stress has been regarded as a cause of medical problems.However,like so
34、 many other things,it is only too much stress _ does you harm.分析：that 设空处所在句句意为：但是，像很多其他的事情一样，只有太多的压力才会伤害到你。第二句中，去掉 it is 及设空处，句子结构和意义仍然完整，因此此句为强调句，其基本句型为“It is/was被强调部分that/who其他”。本句被强调的部分为事物，故填 that。2(2017江西九江高三一模)I was in trouble in overcoming my addiction to alcohol,and _ was my friend Mike.分析：s
35、o 根据句意判断，所填的词要能表达出后一种情况与前面情况相同这一意义，故用 so，构成“so系动词主语”这种倒装结构，表示“也”。3(2017江苏南通全真模拟)It is required that under no circumstances _ we betray ourselves even if there are temptations like money or beauty.分析：should 句意：要求我们在任何情况下都不能背叛自己，即使在像金钱、美色的诱惑面前。在 It is required 后的 that 从句中，其谓语动词要用 should动词原形。under no c
36、ircumstances 置于从句句首。故从句需部分倒装，故设空处填 should。4(2017江苏苏锡常镇四市 3 月调研)One has reason to believe that Chinas anti-corruption over the past few years,tough _ it is,has achieved inspiring progress.分析：as/though 句意：有理由相信在过去的几年里中国的反腐活动取得了令人鼓舞的成就，虽然该活动很艰难。as/though引导让步状语从句时采用倒装。5(2017安徽百校论坛二次联考)It is how you hand
37、le each challenge _ counts.分析：that 句意：你怎样处理每一个挑战很重要。本题考查强调句型(It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分)。本句中被强调部分为 how you handle each challenge，表示“非人”，故填 that。6(2017湖北荆州中学四次质检)_ is no doubt that human activity,which does great harm to the environment,is the main cause.分析：There 句意：毫无疑问，非常危害环境的人类活动是主要原因。“There is no
38、 doubt that.”为固定句型，意为：毫无疑问。7(2017江西新余一中、宜春一中联考)Are you too old for fairy tales?If you think _，Copenhagen is sure to change your mind.分析：so 句意：你是不是老得连童话都不想听了？如果你这样认为，哥本哈根肯定会改变你的想法。本句考查省略。so被置于believe，hope，suppose，think等动词后以避免重复。本句中so用来代替you are too old for fairy tales。8(2017江西樟树中学等六校一联)In that way,Wo
39、rld Read Aloud Day _(do)help make a difference.分析：does 句意：通过那种方式，世界朗读日的确帮助产生了影响。本句主语为单数第三人称，设空处后的谓语动词是动词原形 help，根据提示词 do 可知本题考查强调。do/does/did 放在实义动词前表示强调。本句主语为单数第三人称，故填 does。.单句改错1(2017沈阳监测一)My friends and family is planning to make it at 8 oclock this Saturday morning at the school gate._分析：isare 考
40、查主谓一致。该句主语为“My friends and family”，故谓语动词应用复数形式。2(2017汕头质量监测)He always smile politely at me,making me absolutely delighted when I meet him._分析：smilesmiles 考查动词时态和主谓一谓。由“which makes me”可知，主句应用一般现在时；主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词应该用单数。3(2017浙江金丽衢十二校高三第一次联考)She took the lift to the eleventh floor,and the secretary show
41、ed her where her desk and her computer was._分析：waswere 在 where 引导的宾语从句中，主语是 her desk and her computer，谓语动词须用复数形式。4(2017湖南六校联考)Ben is my good friend.We are of the same age.I like being with him because he often make me happy._分析：makemakes 考查主谓一致。该句主语是 he，是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用 makes。5(2017山西重点中学协作体一模)When ta
42、ken exams,we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased._分析：takentaking 句意：当我们参加考试时，为了取得好结果我们有时候会作弊，来使我们的父母和老师高兴。本题考查省略。将句子补全后为：When we are taking exams,we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.时间状语从句主语与主句主语一致
43、，且从句中含有 be 动词时，可将从句主语和 be 动词去掉，故将 taken 改为 taking。6(2017山东菏泽一模)As is known to us all,some students have breakfast regularly while others dont.There is several reasons._分析：isare 句意：众所周知，一些学生有规律地吃早餐而其他学生并非如此。这有几个原因。there be 句型中，be 要和后面的主语保持一致，本句中 several reasons 为复数形式，故将 is 改为are。7(2017湖南衡阳市八中、永州市四中一联
44、)It is working in teams instead of on my own which has freed me from trouble and made my work more efficient._分析：whichthat 句意：是团队合作而不是我自己单打独斗使我克服了困难并使我的工作效率更高。本句考查强调句型。强调句型为：It is/was被强调部分that其他成分。由此可见需将which 改为 that。8(2017河北衡水中学三次调研)Once upon a time,it was a boy whose parents name him Odd._分析：itthe
45、re 句意：从前有一个男孩儿，他的父母给他取名叫Odd。本题考查“there be”句型，意为：有。9(2017山东潍坊一模)My dear friends,dont afraid of problems,but take advantage of them to be the best of ourselves._分析：dont后加be 句意：我亲爱的朋友，不要害怕问题，而要充分利用问题使我们自己成为最佳，“dont动词原形”为祈使句的否定形式，形容词afraid前需加上系动词be。10(2017湖北襄阳四校联考)Just as the old saying goes,“Happiness lies in contentment.”Only in this way we relax ourselves and achieve more progress._分析：way 后加 can 或者 will 当“only状语”位于句首时，要用部分倒装。