1、返回目录 Exploring plants Unit 4 返回目录 Period Learning about Language&Using Language返回目录 课堂深度拓展课末随堂演练目录Contents 返回目录 课堂深度拓展词汇点击conflict n斗争；冲突 vi.冲突；争执1(1)in conflict with 与相冲突come into conflict with 与产生冲突；与有矛盾resolve a conflict 解决矛盾/冲突(2)conflict with 与冲突conflict about/over 关于有冲突返回目录 Brave young men too
2、k the opportunity of going on botanical expeditions,often facing many dangers including disease,near-starvation,severe environments and conflicts with the local people.(教材 P32)勇敢的年轻人借机进行植物探索活动，他们常常面临许多危险，如疾病、饥饿、严酷的环境以及同当地居民的冲突。返回目录 Try to keep any conflict between you and your partner to a minimum.尽
3、量把你和合伙人之间的争执控制到最少。He held firm opinions which usually conflicted withmine.他持有坚定的、通常跟我的相冲突的观点。返回目录 考点训练单句语法填空(1)Employees are already in conflict _management over job cuts.解析 句意：雇员已经就裁员一事与管理层发生了争执。(2)If the world is to remain peaceful,the utmost effort must be made by nations to limit local _(conflic
4、t)解析 句意：要想让世界保持安宁，各国必须尽最大努力减少地区冲突。withconflicts返回目录 restriction n限制，约束restrict vt.限制，限定restricted adj.受限制的2(1)introduce/place/put restriction 限制；实施约束机制lift/remove/relax restriction 取消限制；放松限制restriction on/upon/against 对的限制without restriction 不受限制(2)restrict sb to(to 为介词)将某人限定在(3)be restricted to 限定于
5、返回目录 At that time,there were restrictions on the movement of Europeans(教材 P33)那时候，欧洲人在中国的活动受到种种限制，There is no restriction/limit on the number of people attending the meeting.参加会议的人数不限。The park is open to the public without restriction.这个公园对公众开放，没有任何限制。For the first two weeks patients are restricted
6、to the grounds.在前两周里，病人们只能在院子里活动。返回目录 考点训练单句语法填空(1)_(restrict)on trade among the states created bitter feelings and hurt the economic development.解析 句意：各州对贸易设定的限制引发了怨恨情绪，阻碍了经济发展。(2)In persons development,individual is likely to _(restrict)with many facts from society.The personality is always repres
7、sed.解析 句意：在人的发展中，个体容易受到来自社会各方面因素的制约，使得个性经常受到压抑。Restrictionsbe restricted返回目录 appeal vi.(对某人)有吸引力；求助n呼吁；要求；吸引力；申诉appealing adj.有吸引力的；令人感兴趣的3(1)appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事appeal to sb for sth 为某事向某人请求/呼吁appeal for sth 呼吁某事；请求给予某物appeal to 向申诉；对有吸引力(2)make an appeal to sb (to do sth)向某人呼吁(做某事)返回目录 O
8、ne of the collectors was Father Farges,who collected 37 seeds from a tree that had appealed to him.(教材 P33)其中一位叫作 Farges 的神父，从他所喜爱的一棵树上收集了 37 粒种子。He appealed to voters to go to the polls tomorrow.他呼吁选民们明天去投票站。返回目录 He will appeal to the state for an extension of unemployment benefits.他将呼吁国家延长失业救济。The
9、 police made an appeal to the public to remaincalm.警方呼吁公众保持镇静。返回目录 考点训练单句语法填空(1)Although well-packed,easily preserved and _(appeal)to the eye,many deep frozen foods today taste just like candle.解析 根据空前的 well-packed 和 easily preserved 可判断，此处应该用形容词 appealing，意为“吸引人的”。句意：很多冷冻食品，虽然包装考究，易于保存且看上去诱人，但吃起来味同
10、嚼蜡。appealing返回目录(2)The community is appealing to everyone _(save)power and water.解析 appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事。句意：社区正呼吁大家节约水电。to save返回目录 postpone vt.推迟；延迟4 postpone(doing)sth 推迟/延缓(做)某事be postponed(until/till/to)被推迟/延迟(到某时)I shall postpone making a decision till I learn all the particulars.在未获悉
11、详情之前我得从缓作出决定。The match was postponed to the next day because of the bad weather.因天气不好，比赛延期到第二天进行。返回目录 postpone/delay/put off三个词都有“推迟”之意，后都跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语，不用不定式作宾语。(1)postpone 是正式用语，指“有意识地延迟至将来某一特定时间”，在多数情况下，后面说明该在何时进行；(2)delay 多指因某种困难或障碍而延误；(3)put off 与 postpone 大致同义，但较口语化。返回目录 They had postponed havi
12、ng children,for the usual reason,to establish their careers.他们推迟了要孩子，为了建立事业这个常见的理由。Weve invited some friends to supper and its too late to put it off now.我已邀请一些朋友来吃晚饭，现在推迟已来不及了。返回目录 考点训练单句语法填空(1)The new government is in the sensitive period now,so they postpone _(send)an answer to the request.解析 句意：
13、目前新政府处于敏感时期，所以他们推迟了对这一项请求的回应。(2)It is still not certain whether the general elections _(postpone)to February 18th will be held.解析 因为大选是被推迟，所以用过去分词作定语修饰elections。句意：已经推迟到 2 月 18 日的大选是否能够如期举行还是个未知数。sendingpostponed返回目录 evolve vt.&vi.发展；进展；进化；(使)逐步形成evolution n进化；发展，渐进evolutionary adj.进化的；逐渐发展的5 evolve
14、 from 由演变(进化)而来evolve into 演变(进化)成He has evolved a new theory after many years of research.经过多年的研究，他逐渐总结出一条新的理论。返回目录 We can evolve the truth from a mass of confused evidence.我们可以从庞杂的证据中推断出事实真相。The simple plan evolved into a complicated scheme.这个简单的计划发展成了一项复杂的规划。In the course of evolution,some birds
15、have lost the ability of flying.在进化过程中，一些鸟失去了飞行的能力。返回目录 考点训练单句语法填空(1)The developmental history of the society tells us that man evolved _ the ape.解析 句意：社会发展史告诉我们人是从类人猿进化来的。(2)These animals _(evolve)in the primitive forest for millions of years.解析 句意：这些动物已经在这片原始森林里演变进化上百万年了。fromhave been evolving返回目录
16、 attach vt.缚上；系上；附加attachment n附着(物)，附属(物)，附件attached adj.附加的；依恋的；附属的6(1)attach importance/significance/value/weight/to 认为有重要性/意义/价值/分量/attachto 把贴在；将与相联系attach to 与关联/联系(2)attachment to 对的依恋/爱慕(3)be attached to 喜爱/依恋；附属于返回目录 We will also attach importance to preschool education and care about speci
17、al education.我们也会重视学前教育，关心特殊教育。I am very attached to that old picture.我很喜欢那幅旧画。Pollen becomes attached to the animal during its visit to a flower and is then passed on to another plants blossom on its next visit.(教材 P38)动物接触一朵花时，花粉就附着在它的身上，下一次动物接触一朵花时，就把这些花粉传到另外的那朵花上。返回目录 She has a great attachment
18、to her sister.她十分依恋她的姐姐。Weve grown very attached to this village and dont want to move.我们渐渐喜欢上了这个村庄，不想离开了。返回目录 考点训练单句语法填空(1)It would be unwise to attach too much importance _ these opinion polls.解析 句意：把这些民意测验看得过于重要是不明智的。(2)I admitted he was right and only in a few minutes,the two devices _(attach)to
19、 the handlebars of my bicycle.解析 主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数，而且根据句意可知应用被动语态。句意：我承认他说得对，结果只用了几分钟两个装置就安装到了我的自行车把手上。towere attached返回目录 date back to(date from)追溯到；远在年代7 Collecting“exotic”plants,as they are called,dates back to the earliest times.(教材 P32)收集所谓的“异国”植物要追溯到很久以前。These plant fossils date back to the age
20、of the dinosaurs.这些植物化石可追溯至恐龙时代。The custom dates from the time when men wore swords.这个风俗早在人们佩剑时就已经有了。返回目录【提示】date back to/date from 常用于一般现在时，且无被动语态。返回目录 fix a date for 为确定日期(be/go)out of date 过时的；陈旧的up to date 直到现在，迄今为止；新式的，时髦的返回目录 考点训练单句语法填空(1)The needle treatment _(date)from the ancient times in C
21、hina is gradually accepted by experts in medicine in other countries.解析 现在分词短语作定语，修饰 needle treatment。句意：起源于中国古代的针灸疗法逐渐被其他国家的医学专家所接受。dating返回目录(2)The traditional friendship between our two peoples dates back _ ancient days.解析 句意：我们两国人民之间的传统友谊可追溯到古代。to返回目录 give out 发出(气味、光、热等)；分发；宣布；用完，耗尽8 Smell:stro
22、ng,sweet perfume,typically only given outat night.(教材 P38)气味：浓烈的甜香味，特别只在夜晚散发出来。(散发)There were people at the entrance giving out leaflets.有人在入口处分发传单。(分发)返回目录 He wouldnt give out any information.他不会宣布任何消息。(宣布)At the end of the race his legs gave out and he collapsed on the ground.比赛结束时他两腿无力瘫倒在地。(力气耗尽)
23、返回目录(1)give away 赠送；颁发(奖品等)；放弃(良机等)；泄露give back 归还，送回give in 认输，屈服give off 发出(光、热、气味等)give up 放弃；投降返回目录(2)break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发carry out 开展；执行check out 查明；结账come out 出来；(书等)出版，发行die out 消失；灭亡figure out 理解；想明白find out 查明；发现；了解go out 出去；熄灭hand out 分发返回目录 helpout 帮助某人解决困难hold out 伸出；坚持，维持let out 放掉，
24、泄露look out 留神，当心put out 扑灭，熄灭；出版sell out 卖完；出卖send out 发出；派遣set out 出发；开始try out 试验work out 算出；解决返回目录 考点训练单句语法填空(1)Scientists predict that the worlds known oil resources will give _ early in the next century.解析 根据句意可知填介词 out，此处 give out 表示“用完，耗尽”。句意：科学家预言世界上已探明的石油资源将在下个世纪初用尽。out返回目录(2)Finally,the ex
25、pert concluded the work and _(give)out some suggestions for further research.解析 此处 give out 同 concluded 作并列谓语，故用一般过去时。句意：最后，专家总结了所做的工作，并对进一步研究提出了一些建议。gave返回目录 句型解读1 However,it was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that the exploration of botanical world began on a large scale.(教材 P32
26、)然而，直到 18 世纪和 19 世纪人们才开始大规模地探索植物世界。句型公式it is/was not untilthat句型返回目录 点拨：本句中 it was not untilthat是 notuntil的强调句结构。(1)notuntil表示“直到才”，其主句谓语动词必须是瞬间性动词，如果主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，则不用 not，有时 until 可以与 before 互换。I didnt leave the boy until his mother turned up.直到这孩子的母亲来了，我才离开。The woman worked in the factory until/be
27、fore 2018.2018 年以前这位女士在这家工厂上班。返回目录(2)如果 not until 结构置于句首，主句的语序要用倒装结构，而 until 引导的从句不倒装。Not until the teacher came into the classroom did the students stop talking.直到老师进入教室学生们才停止讲话。(3)notuntil句型用于强调句中，句子不倒装。It was not until he showed his name card that we knew his true identity.直到他出示名片后我们才知道他的真实身份。返回目
28、录(4)在 until 引导的时间状语从句中，主句若是一般将来时，从句往往用一般现在时或现在完成时。Until both of them stop,there is not going to be any peace in Afghanistan.如果他们双方不停战，阿富汗就不会有和平。返回目录 考点训练单句语法填空(1)Not until midnight _ Mary fall asleep last night because of too much homework.解析 句意：由于作业太多，Mary 昨晚直到午夜才入睡。(2)We did not eat _ 10 pm.becaus
29、e there were so many phone calls.解析 句意：由于电话太多了，我们直到晚上十点才吃饭。diduntil返回目录 2 We were dirty and had long beards,for we had no fresh water to wash in and we didnt shave at all.(教材 P34)我们很脏，胡子也很长，因为没有淡水清洗，而且根本没有刮胡子。句型公式不定式作后置定语点拨：本句中动词不定式短语 to wash in 作后置定语，修饰 fresh water，即 wash in fresh water。此处介词 in 不可省
30、略。动词不定式作后置定语与其所修饰的名词构成三种关系：返回目录(1)动宾关系She is looking for some food to eat.她正在寻找一些吃的食物。(2)主谓关系Mr Wang is always the last to leave the office.王先生总是最后一个离开办公室的人。(3)同位关系His wish to be an actor has come true.他想当演员的愿望实现了。返回目录【拓展】(1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。Would you bring me a
31、 chair to sit on?你可以给我拿把椅子坐吗？Please lend me a pen to write with.请借支钢笔给我写字用。返回目录(2)当不定式的动作与不定式所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，且句中又无它的逻辑主语时，不定式常用被动形式(该不定式短语相当于一个含被动语态的定语从句)。Are you going to the meeting to be held(which is to be held)this afternoon?你打算去参加今天下午举行的会议吗？返回目录(3)当不定式所修饰的名词是 have,get,need 等动词的宾语，且不定式与所修饰的名词也构成动宾
32、关系时，不定式既可用主动语态也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。Have you got anything to do this afternoon?今天下午你有什么事要做吗？(自己做)Have you got anything to be done this afternoon?今天下午你有什么事要人做吗？(别人做)返回目录(4)在 there be 句型中，修饰主语的不定式如果与主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，则既可以用主动形式，也可用被动形式。There are three experiments to do/to be done.有三个实验要做。There is nothing to fear
33、/to be feared.没什么可怕的。返回目录 考点训练单句语法填空(1)The way _(solve)social problems such as unemployment,the officer said,is to create bigger market but not to build more barriers.解析 句意：这位官员说，解决失业等社会问题的方法是创造更大的市场，而不是设置更多障碍。to solve返回目录(2)But all these didnt change Chinas housing policy environment.With the adjus
34、tment of housing policy,there were still many problems to deal _ on institutional level.解析 句意：然而，中国住宅政策的制度背景并没有得到根本改变，伴随着住宅政策的调整，还有许多制度层面的问题需要解决。deal with the problem 解决问题。with返回目录 课末随堂演练.单词拼写1The foreign visitors came from a_(遥远的)country.2The two stories _(冲突),so I did not know which to believe.3Th
35、e _(限制条件)on the use of the playground are:no fighting,no damaging property.4The school authorities are _(呼吁)to every student to pay attention to his own security.distantconflictedrestrictionsappealing返回目录 5I couldnt open the jar because the lid(盖子)was too t_.6The city has many restaurants with e_ fo
36、od.7He is _(流利的)in five languages.8He bought a vase with a _(精致的)pattern of butterflies and leaves.9This is a _(有代表性的)case in my daily work.10The air in the garden was warm and _(芬芳的)ightxoticfluentdelicatetypicalfragrant返回目录.选词填空set up,date back to,quantities of,come across,adapt to,take interest i
37、n,appeal to1When the family moved to Canada,the children _ the change very well.2The town _ Roman times.adapted todates back to返回目录 3They _ a memorial statue in honour of the hero.4Does the exotic music _ you?5_ arms(武器)were discovered hidden in the trucks.6I _ some old photos in the drawer.7He _ le
38、arning French.set upappeal toQuantities ofcame acrosstakes interest in返回目录.句型训练1He had never _(碰到一个人)quite like Sheila.2The police _(向呼吁)the public to remain calm.3 Their accounts of the causes of the war _(与我们的相矛盾)4I saw a ship _(在远处)5David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature _(他选择了这门课)come across a personmade an appeal toconflict with oursin the distancethat he chose the course