1、Unit 4 Natural DisastersReading and Thinking 基础认知自主学习.必备单词:根据提示填写单词【词块记忆】1.a natural _ 一场自然灾害2.the _ workers救援人员3.buildings were _建筑被损坏4.2,400 homes _2 400座房屋被破坏5._ set up避难所建立起来6.lay in _成为废墟7.about 75 _ of the citys factories and buildings城市75%的工厂和建筑物disasterrescuedamageddestroyedsheltersruinsperc
2、ent8._ covered the ground砖头覆盖着大地9.useless pieces of _无用的金属碎片10._ was hard to get难以获得电力11.those who were _那些被困的人12.to _ the dead掩埋死去的人13.tireless _ of the citys people市民们不知疲惫的努力14.show the _展示出智慧bricksmetalelectricitytrappedburyeffortswisdom【拓展记忆】15.500,000 _500 000人受影响have no/an _ on有/没有影响16.people
3、were in _人们大为震惊a _(adj.)news一个令人震惊的消息feel _(adj.)感到震惊17.to _ again再次呼吸a deep _(n.)深呼吸a little breathless(adj.)有点喘不上气18._ from terrible injuries遭受严重的伤suffering(n.)痛苦,折磨affectedeffectshockshockingshockedbreathebreathsuffer.必备短语:英汉双译1._ 似乎;好像;仿佛2._严重受损;破败不堪3._震惊;吃惊4._建立5._像往常一样6._结束as ifin ruinsin shoc
4、kset upas usualcome to an end7.in times of_8.instead of_9.get back up on ones feet_10.go through_在时期而不是;代替东山再起;重新开始经历.必备句式:翻译课文原句,并观察黑体部分1.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured._三分之二的居民(在地震中)_。2.Everywhere survivors looked,there was nothing but ruins.幸存者目及之处,_。3.People began
5、to wonder how long the disaster would last.人们心里开始疑惑_。4.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.工人们为_盖起了避难所。住在那里的死亡或受伤无一不是废墟,万物尽毁这场灾难还会持续多久那些家园被毁的幸存者【构词规律】1.名词+-less构成含否定意义的形容词,意为“不,无”:例如:breath+-less breathless 喘不上气的tire_ adj.不倦的color_adj.无色的home_adj.无家可归的effort_adj.不费力的e
6、nd_adj.无尽的tirelesscolorlesshomelesseffortlessendless2.“介词in+名词”构成的短语,在句中作状语或表语,例如:in shock 震惊地in _处于危险中 in _有麻烦in _惊讶地in _急需dangersurprisetroubleneed语篇精读合作探究Task1 框架宏观建构:整体理解1.Skim the passage and fill in the blanks2.Whats the main idea of this passage?The passage mainly talks about a/an _ that happ
7、ened in _ onJuly 28,1976.earthquakeTangshan【阅读策略点拨】扫读(scanning)扫读又叫扫描式阅读,目的在于寻找某一特定的信息或资料,通常用于查找某个单词、短语、数字或文章片段。我们的眼睛从上到下很快地扫过页面,直到发现所需要的信息,再停下来仔细阅读这部分。具体应用:在作答这一类题的过程中,学生通过阅读问题得到提示,进而运用扫读,学生能够迅速找到所需信息的出处,完成填写。扫读在寻找日期、地名、人名、数据,查词典、看表格时特别适用。Task2 文本微观剖析:细节探究1.Choose the best answer.(1)The title“A NIG
8、HT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP”means .A.the earth was wide awake all night longB.people on the earth couldnt fall asleep that nightC.the earth kept on shaking like crazy that nightD.animals on the earth would not sleep that night(2)People in the city went to bed as usual that night because .A.they thought
9、 it was not strange for water pipes to crack and burstB.they thought it was easy to experience an earthquakeC.they thought sleeping was the most important thing no matter what would happenD.they could never imagine there would be an earthquake(3)Which of the following is TRUE of the Tangshan earthqu
10、ake?A.The people in Beijing didnt feel the earthquake.B.The number of people killed was over 400,000.C.Half a million hens were killed in the earthquake.D.The railway tracks become useless.(4)Whats the meaning of the last sentence“Slowly,the city began to breatheagain.”?A.People werent sad any more.
11、B.The life in Tangshan began to return to normal.C.The earthquake finally came to an end.D.Those who were trapped were saved.(5)What is the mood(语气)of this passage?A.Sad.B.Serious.C.Serious and sad.D.Calm.2.Long sentence analysis.(1)Eleven kilometres directly below the city(地点状语),one of the most dea
12、dlyearthquakes of the 20th century had begun,a quake that even caused damage morethan 150 kilometres away in Beijing(定语从句).译文:城市正下方11千米处,_。20世纪最致命的地震之一甚至对远在150千米以外的北京都造成了危害的地震发生了(2)Soon after the quakes(时间状语),the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan todig out those who were trapped and to bury the
13、 dead(定语从句).译文:地震发生后不久,_。军队派出150 000名士兵去唐山挖掘被困者和埋葬死者Task3 语篇总结归纳:主题深化 Strange things happened 1._ Tangshan Earthquake happened.The wellwalls had deep cracks.Some 2._(smell)gas came out of them.Chickens andeven pigs were too nervous 3._(eat).The water pipes cracked and burst.At3:42 4._ the morning of
14、 July 28,1976,everything began to shake.5._ seemed asif the world was at an end.Steam burst from holes in the ground.Hard hills of rockbecame rivers of dirt.Soon the whole city lay in 6._(ruin).Many people died orwere 7._(injure).Everything in the city was destroyed.People werebeforesmellyto eatonIt
15、ruinsinjured8._(shock)at this and wondered how long the disaster would last.The armyorganized teams to dig out those 9._ were trapped and to bury the dead.Workersbuilt shelters for survivors.Fresh water was taken to the city.Slowly the city beganto breathe again.With strong support from the governme
16、nt and the tireless efforts ofthe citys people,a new Tangshan 10._(build)upon the earthquake ruins.shockedwhowas builtTask4 阅读思维升华:主题实践(1)What shall we do if an earthquake happens?(Divergent Thinking 发散性思维)_Dont be nervous and keep calm.Dont try to run out of the classroom.Protect your head by putti
17、ng your bag on your head.Leave the classroom after the earthquake.Listen to the teachers,the wise.(2)What kind of work can we do after the earthquake?(Creative Thinking 创造性思维)_Organize the rescue doctors and workers to help the people.Help to build shelters.Offer food and clothes to them.1.rescue n.
18、&vt.营救;救援(教材原句)What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area?救援人员和士兵在受到洪水侵袭的地方做什么?【词块积累】(1)come/go to ones rescue来/去援救某人a rescue team救援队rescue workers救援人员(2)rescue.from.把从营救出来要点精研理解应用Seeing that the boys _ by the sailors,the captain cracked a big smile.看到男孩们被那些水手营救,舰长露出了灿烂的笑容。
19、Fortunately,some policemen _ and saved his life.幸运的是,一些警察来救他,拯救了他的性命。were rescuedcame to his rescue2.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动(2020江苏高考)Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affectsperformance.运动员和科学家很早就知道就餐时间影响着一个人的表现。【词块积累】(1)be affected with high fever 发高烧be affected by.被打动/影响(2
20、)affectionn.喜爱;爱情(3)effectn.影响have an effect on对有影响Our life _ if we are addicted to the Internet.如果我们对网络上瘾,我们的生活将会受到巨大的影响。(2020全国卷)But like anyone for whom you feel _,customers can alsodrive you mad.但是像你喜欢的人一样,顾客也会让你发疯。Every word from the parents will _ the child.家长说的每句话都将对孩子产生影响。will be greatly aff
21、ectedaffectionhave an effect on【易混辨析】affect只能用作及物动词,其含义是“使发生变化”,因此“影响”这一词义还可以引申为“感动,感染”effect用作名词,着重指影响的“结果”或“作用”。常用于词组have an effect on中,意思相当于affect。effect也可以用作及物动词,但意思完全不同,意为“使发生,产生结果”influence既可用作名词,也可用作动词,通常指通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响。常用的短语搭配:have an influence on sb./sth.意为“对某人/某事物有影响”3.
22、ruin n.&vt.破坏;毁坏(教材原句)In less than one minute,a large city lay in ruins.不到一分钟的时间,一座大城市沦为废墟。【词块积累】(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟fall into ruin毁灭;毁坏(2)ruin sth./sb.毁坏某物/某人ruin ones health/fame/future毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途The whole village _,except a heavily damaged church.词汇复现除了一座受损严重的教堂之外,整个村子沦为废墟。The blockhouse soo
23、n _ after being hit by a missile.在被一颗导弹击中后,碉堡很快毁坏。(2020全国卷)Who hasnt received an email so annoying that it _?谁没有收到过一个如此令人恼火以至于毁了我们一整天的邮件呢?lay in ruinsfell into ruinruined anentire day【易混辨析】ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏,但往往是非暴力的,也不是一次打击的结果。常指美好的或希望中的事物的破坏destroy指彻底的损坏,常含不能或很难修复的意思。可接人,也可以接物damage损坏、毁坏,指部分损坏,降低某
24、物的价值。通常接物【巧学助记】种种“破坏”4.bury vt.埋葬;安葬(教材原句)The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who weretrapped and to bury the dead.军队派出150 000名士兵奔赴唐山,将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来,并掩埋了死者。【词块积累】be buried under/beneath/in.被埋在 bury ones face/head in ones hands双手掩面/捂头埋头于/专心于 He just sat there,_.他只是坐在那里,双手掩面。Apa
25、rt from finishing my homework,Id like to _something more about the robot.除了完成作业,我想专心多学些关于机器人的知识。Nowadays family members are often found _ their own electronicproducts.如今,常常发现家庭成员沉浸在自己的电子产品里。burying his face in his handsbury myself in learningburied in5.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(教材原句)Some wer
26、e found alive,though they were suffering from terribleinjuries.尽管受了严重的伤,但是有些(人)被发现的时候还活着。【词块积累】(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏suffer from受折磨;患病(2)sufferingn.痛苦;苦恼;让人痛苦的事sufferern.受难者;患病者We all will _ in our life,but we should stick to our dream and workhard to realise it.人生中,我们都会
27、遭受艰难,但是我们应该坚持梦想,并努力实现我们的梦想。These days we human beings have been experiencing the _ of a terriblediseaseCOVID-19.这些天,我们人类正经受着一种可怕的疾病新冠肺炎的折磨。suffer hardshipsufferings【名师点津】suffer 与 suffer from的辨析(1)suffer后常加的名词多指抽象的损害、痛苦等,如suffer pain/defeat/losses/theresult/side effects“遭受痛苦/失败/损失/(承受)结果/副作用”。(2)suff
28、er from常加具体的不幸或痛苦的名词,表示遭受战争、自然灾害、疾病带来的痛苦。如suffer from hunger/flood/fever/cold/disease“遭受饥饿/洪水/发烧/感冒/疾病”。6.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!似乎世界末日就要来了!【句式解构】(1)It seemed as if.这是一个含有表语从句的主从复合句。(2)as if=as though意为“仿佛;好像”,其引导的从句,常放在be,look,seem,sound,smell,feel等系动词之后作表语。(3)as if还可引导状语从句
29、。当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(或存在)的情况时,从句谓语常用虚拟语气,结构如下:与现在事实相反:从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were)与过去事实相反:从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)与将来事实相反:从句谓语动词用would/could/might do_ everything is back to life.似乎一切都恢复了生机。Looking down,I felt as if I _(be)in a fairyland.往下看,我感觉就好像我在仙境一般。Local residents said it was as if there _(be)a nucl
30、ear explosion.当地的居民说就好像发生了核爆炸一样。He opened his mouth as if he _(say)something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。It seems as ifwerehad beenwould say【要点拾遗】1.damage vt.损害;破坏 n.损坏;损失(2020新高考全国卷)A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage itcaused had driven away a number of birds.那年早些时候,一场洪水袭击了这个地区,它造成的破坏赶走了很多的鸟。
31、【词块积累】(1)damage ones health/fame损害某人的健康/名誉be badly damaged遭受严重损害(2)do/cause damage to.给带来/造成损害Although the chemicals might _,the rescue workers stillworked hard to save more people.词汇复现尽管化学物质可能会损害他们的健康,但是救援人员仍然努力工作救援更多的人。Many of the houses _,leaving over 100 people homeless.很多房屋遭受严重损坏,使100多人无家可归。The
32、 people gathering in some famous places have _ the relicsand led to the poor service quality.聚集在名胜古迹的人们对历史遗迹造成了损害,并导致服务质量差。damage their healthwere badly damagedcaused damage to2.shelter n.避难处;居所;庇护 vt.保护;掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)(2020新高考全国卷)The solution,of course,was to plant trees so the animalscould seek she
33、lter during the daytime.当然,办法就是栽树,因此动物可以在白天寻找遮阴。【词块积累】(1)take shelter from wind/rain 躲避风/雨shelter from sth.躲避某物(2)shelter sb./sth.from保护某人/某物(免受)Remember not to _ a storm by a tall or big tree.记得不要在高大的树下躲避暴风雨。In order to _ the tornado,the residents of this area have moved toother places.为了躲避台风,这个地区的
34、居民已经搬到了其他地方。This kind of newly developed armor can _ gunfire.这种新开发的铠甲能够保护士兵免受枪击。take shelter fromshelter fromshelter soldiers from3.effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力(2020全国卷)The good news is that its simple to learn and can be worth theeffort.好消息是它简单易学,值得你付出努力。【词块积累】make efforts/an effort/every effort 做出努力spare
35、no effort to do sth.不遗余力/尽力去做某事without effort毫不费力地Now that it is so important to me,I have to _ to prepare for IELTS.既然对我如此重要,我就要努力准备雅思考试。Faced with the disaster,many people including doctors,nurses and scientists_ fight against it.面对这场灾难,很多人,包括医生,护士和科学家不遗余力与之斗争。Failure is one thing that can be achi
36、eved _.失败是一件不用努力即可获得的东西。【小词汇大文化】Young men dont make efforts;old men are sad.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。(喻指趁年轻时努力做事情)make an effortspare no effort towithout effort4.shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊【词块积累】(1)in shock 震惊;吃惊(2)shockedadj.震惊的be shocked at/by对感到震惊be shocked to do sth./that.对做某事感到震惊(3)shockingadj.令人震惊的It is
37、shocking that.令人吃惊的是 You must adapt to the new environment to deal with _.你必须适应新的环境,以应对文化冲击。_ the unexpected guest and gift,I was at a loss what to say.我被不速之客和礼物惊呆了,不知道该说什么了。However,when we reached the top,we _ see litter here andthere.然而,当我到达山顶的时候,我们很震惊地看到到处是垃圾。They think that fresh water is enough
38、 for use,which leads to a _ waste ofwater.他们认为淡水足够使用,这导致了水资源浪费非常令人震惊。culture shockShocked at/bywere shocked toshocking【巧学助记】语境记忆shockWe were all shocked at the shocking news that he was still in a state of shock afterthe accident.However,when he finally came to himself he looked at us in shock,knowi
39、ng nothing about the accident.我们都被这个令人震惊的消息吓住了事故之后他依然处于休克状态。然而,最终当他苏醒过来时,他吃惊地看着我们,对事故一无所知。5.trap vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n.险境;陷阱【词块积累】(1)be trapped under/in.被困于 trap sb.into doing sth.诱骗某人做某事(2)set a trap设置陷阱/布下圈套fall into a trap落入圈套(2018北京高考)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the m
40、ountains for two days.一位救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山上两天的游客。Fortunately,help came soon.Soldiers came and took _ to a safeplace.幸运的是,救援很快到来。士兵们来到,并把被困的人们带到安全的地方。The researchers fear that some hunters might _,which will threaten thesafety of the tiger.研究人员害怕有些猎人可能会设置陷阱,这将威胁老虎的安全。had beentrappedtrapped peopleset
41、 a e to an end 结束(经典例句)How time flies!The first senior high school year is coming to an end.时间飞逝!高中第一年即将结束。【词块积累】at the end of 在的末尾by the end of到末尾为止(常和完成时连用)in the end最后,结果at an end结束(2019全国卷)Ive got to produce this product and then,_ the year,present it to NASA.我生产了这个产品,随后在年底,我把它赠送给了NASA。Please gi
42、ve them back to me _ this month,when I will have to returnthe books.请在这个月底前把它们还给我,到时我得把这些书归还。at the end ofby the end of_,I sincerely hope that this years activity will be held verysuccessfully.最后,我真诚希望今年的活动成功举办。It had gotten very cold,and I guessed the good weather was _.现在变得很冷了,我猜想好天气已经到头了。In the e
43、ndat an end【名师点津】by the end of 两点注意by the end of后接将来时间时,与将来完成时连用;后接过去时间时,与过去完成时连用。【知识延伸】动词end的用法end in sth.以结尾;结果是end up as sb./sth.最终成为 end up doing sth.最终;以做某事结束end up with sth.以结束【小词汇大文化】All good things must come to an end.天下无不散之宴席。(用来形容一切美好的事物总有曲终人散的时候)。7.go through 经历;经受(教材原句)What other cities
44、or towns have gone through similar changes?哪些城市或城镇也经历了类似的变化?【导图理词】Help your classmates if you can and try to go through the disaster together.如果可以的话,帮助你的同学,努力共同_这一灾难。So would you be kind enough to spare some time to go through the draft and dosome necessary correction for me?因此,你可以抽出些时间_一下草稿,并为我做些必要
45、的修改吗?Some of the roads are too narrow,making it difficult for drivers to go through.有些路太窄了,使驾驶员很难_。I quite understand how you feel because I once went through the same experience.我非常理解你的感受,因为我_同样的遭遇。渡过浏览通过经历过8.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat.鸡和猪甚至紧张得不能吃食。【句式解构】too+adj./adv.to do sth.意
46、为“太而不能做某事”,表示否定意义。We noticed a kite hanging up on a branch,but its owner,a little boy,was _ get it down.我们注意到一个风筝挂在树枝上,但是它的主人,一个小男孩,太矮了够不着。Obviously,they were _ express themselves.很明显,他们太惊讶,太激动,以至于无法表达自己。If I am given the opportunity,Ill be _ work for our city。如果我被给予这个机会,我将非常高兴为我们的城市工作。tooshort toto
47、o surprised and excited totoo glad to【名师点津】表肯定的too.to.结构(1)too之前如果有only,only too 表示“非常”“很”等意思,此时不定式不再表否定,而表肯定。(2)“too.to.”结构中带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词,如ready,eager,satisfied,kind,willing,anxious等后跟动词不定式,表示一种状态、态度、倾向或心情等,其后的不定式不是说明too的具体内容,而是修饰形容词,译为“很;非常”。【知识延伸】双重否定表肯定 在“too.to.”结构中,不定式为否定式时,构成的是双重否定,其意为“
48、非常(很,太,那么);不会不(必定能,所以能)”。*He is too kind not to help you.他很善良,不会不帮助你。*My mother is too careful not to forget it.我的妈妈非常细心,不会忘记这件事的。9.Water,food,and electricity were hard to get.水、食物和电都很难获得。【句式解构】这是“主语+be+adj.+不定式”结构的句式。在此句式中如果同时符合了下列两个条件,常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。(1)表语是性质形容词,如difficult,hard,easy,comfortable,p
49、leasant,interesting,exciting等;(2)不定式和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。(2020全国卷)I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs,and I thought it must be_.我喜欢吃煎的番茄鸡蛋,我认为这道菜做起来很简单。There is an amazing energy in Shanghai that is _ in other places in theworld上海有一种令人震惊的能量,在世界其他地方很难找到。Whats more,grammar is also very _.此外,语法也很难学。easy
50、to cookhard to finddifficult to learn【名师点津】“主语+be+adj.+不定式”易错点 这种结构中不定式的主动形式表被动含义时,不定式的动词必须是及物动词;如果是不及物动词,后面就要添加相应的介词。Im outgoing and easy to get along with,which helps me work well with others.我外向,并很容易相处,这帮助我很好地与他人合作。【览时事晓天下】1.Already,COVID-19 has killed more people in the US than Americans killed
51、inbattle during the five most recent wars combined.The loss of life is like sufferingthe effects of 109 Hurricane Katrinas.Or enduring the 911 attacks every day for 66days.美国因新冠肺炎死亡的人数,已经超过了最近五次战争中美国死亡人数的总和,是卡特里娜飓风丧生人数的109倍,是911袭击丧生人数的66倍。2.Now Twitter has reportedly joined Microsoft in an effort to
52、 acquire another socialmedia giant,TikTok.据报道,继微软之后,推特也在试图收购另一家社交媒体巨头TikTok,虽然这并不容易。3.Fire roared through serene Lake Innes Nature Reserve,where as many as 600koalas lived in a colony and died in the trees while seeking shelter.宁静的英斯湖自然保护区大火肆虐,那里的一个栖息地内有多达600只考拉,都在树上躲避大火时丧生。.语段填词1.Every year,there a
53、re many natural _(灾害)in our country.For example,in the north,_(干旱)is common,while in the south _(洪水)and_(滑坡)happen frequently.They often cause great _(损坏),even_(死亡).2.A great _(龙卷风)hit America.Many hoses were _(破坏),solocal residents had to seek _(避难处)in city stadium.Many main streets werecovered by
54、_(砖头)and _(金属)pieces._(电)is hard to get.Also the local economy was badly _(影响).The government sent helicoptersto evacuate those who were _(困住).The volunteer organizations also madeevery _(努力)to offer a hand.学情诊断课堂测评disastersdroughtfloodlandslidedamagedeathstornadodestroyedshelterbricksmetalElectrici
55、tyaffectedtrappedeffort.选词填空in ruins,instead of,fall down,come to an end,dig out,go through,in shock,as usual,be trapped in,as if/though1.I quite understand your present worry because I have _ what you areexperiencing now.2.Years of fighting has left the city _;it would take a lot of money to rebuil
56、dit.3.The boy walked slowly _ he had hurt his leg.4.Cheer up!The world is not _!gone throughin ruinsas if/thoughcoming to an end5.The shelter might _ if it rains more heavily.6._ being annoyed,he seemed quite pleased.7.When the young man _ the building,he felt very helpless.8.The survivors were _,wo
57、ndering how long the disaster would last.9.That day he went to work out in the gym _.10.It was reported that an American couple had _ a lot of gold coins fromtheir own yard.fall downInstead ofwas trapped inin shockas usualdug out.结合课文主题,使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇80词左右的短文1.2020年10月30号,一场地震袭击了希腊,给这个国家造成巨大破坏。(damag
58、e)2.大约118人死亡,数百人被埋在废墟中。(bury,ruin)3.幸运的是,政府派遣士兵去救援那些被困的人们。(rescue)4.尽管地震已经结束,那里的人们仍然遭受着巨大痛苦,因为难以得到干净的水和食物。(come to an end;suffer;be adj.to do)_On 30th October,2020,an earthquake struck Greek,which caused greatdamage to the country.About 118 natives were killed and hundreds of peoplewere buried in th
59、e ruins.Fortunately,the government sent soldiers to rescuethose trapped.Although the quake came to an end,people there still suffered alot,because clean water and food were hard to get.完成句子1.According to research,using a mobile phone before going to bed can _.根据研究,睡前使用手机会影响你的健康。2.An earthquake _.那次地
60、震过后,全城到处是残垣断壁。3.He was late for work because he _ the traffic jam.因为交通堵塞,他上班迟到了。4.The storm _ the local economy.暴风雨给当地经济造成了严重损失。affect yourhealthleft the whole town in ruinswas trapped incaused serious damage to5.Only by doing this can you avoid _ the pressure of exams.只有这样做,你才能避免遭受考试压力的折磨。6.Even af
61、ter two years,it felt as if we _ yesterday.甚至是两年后,感觉就好像我们昨天刚谈完似的。7.People gather on both sides of the river to watch the players _ tomake for the finishing line.人们聚集在河的两岸观看(龙舟)选手们不遗余力朝着终点线划去。8.The rain was _ we cant get out of the classroom.雨如此大以至于我们无法走出教室。suffering fromhad just talkedspare no effortso heavy that
