1、Period 2 Warming Up&Reading(2).单句语法填空1After three days without food,the menwere close to _(starve)2 There are many rubber trees in the_(botany)garden which can produce a lotof rubber every year.3The kitchen knife has become dull,soMother asked me to _(sharp)it.4This experiment is designed to test th
2、e_(accurate)of the new equipment.5His ability to dispose of the _(mess)situation caused by angry people caught theattention of his superior.6 These apples need another week to_(ripe)【答案】1starvation 2botanical 3sharpen4accuracy 5messy 6ripen.句子结构分析1We havent found any doors but we thinkthey might hav
3、e hung animal skins at the cavemouth to keep out the cold during the freezingwinter.本句由_引导两个并列结构，即Wehaventfound any doors和we think they mighthave hung animal skins，在第二个句子中，又含有一个省略了that的_从句，而且，这个句子中包含有三个状语，即地点状语_，目 的 状 语 _ 和 时 间 状 语during the freezing winter。句意：_2Well,weve been finding the bones ofti
4、gers and bears in the caves,and we think thesewere their most dangerous enemies.在 本 句 中，在 第 一 个 分 句 中，宾 语 为_。而在第二个分句中，其宾语是一 个 从 句，省 略 了 that，从 句 的 主 语 为_，它在此处指代前面已经出现过的_。句意：_3They didnt grow their own crops,butpicked fruit when it ripened and hunted animals.本句是一个简单句，主语为_，谓语为grow,picked 和_。When在此引导_从
5、句，其谓语为_。句意：_【答 案】1 that；宾 语；at the cavemouth；to keep out the cold我们没有发现任何的门，但是我们认为，在寒冷的冬天，他们可能在洞口挂上动物的皮来抵御寒风。2the bones of tigers and bears；these；tigers and bears嗯，我们一直在洞里找到了老虎和熊的骨头，我们认为，这些是他们最危险的敌人。3They；hunted；时间状语；ripened他们不种植庄稼，而是在果子熟了的时候摘果，还有狩猎。1alternative n可能的选择 adj.供选择的；其他的Can you think of t
6、he alternatives we woulduse today?你能想到我们今天可以使用的替代品吗？(1)have the alternative of doing sth有做某事的选择；可以做某事have no alternative but to do sth(除以外)别无选择there is no alternative别无选择an alternative to 是的替换物；可以代替(2)“别无选择只好做”的其他几种表达方式：have no choice but to do sthhave nothing to do but do sthcan do nothing but do s
7、thcannot but do sthShe had no alternative but to ask for a fewdays leave.实在不得已，她只好请几天假。alternative严肃的选择。强调必须从两个或多个选择中选择一个choice 普通用词。强调自由选择，不论选择方式的多少完成句子除了继续下去，我们别无选择。We _ _ _ but to go on.除了战斗到胜利，别无选择。_ _ _ _ _but tofight till the victory.30岁以上的人可以选择结婚，也可以选择独身。People above 30 _ _ _ marrying or rema
8、ining a bachelor.这可以作为端到端迁移的一个替代方案。This _ _ _ _ _endtoend migration.【答案】have no alternativeThere was no other alternativehave the alternative ofcan be an alternative to2interrupt vt.&vi.打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止The war interrupted the trade between thetwo countries.战争使两国间的贸易中断了。(1)interruptwith用打断interruptin打
9、断(2)interruption n中断；阻断物；中断时间without interruption不间断地(3)interruptive adj.阻碍的；打扰的interrupt指使原来进行的活动中断或停顿下来，尤其指打断别人的话disturb较正式用词，语气较强，多指妨碍工作的进行或使人不能安宁选词填空(interrupt/disturb)Dont _me while I am listeningto music.Ifyougetupearly,trynotto_anyone else.完成句子我们去找个说话不受打扰的地方吧。Letsgosomewherewherewecantalk_.【答
10、案】interrupt disturb withoutinterruption3assume vt.假定；设想；认为I assume his train was late.我猜想他的火车晚点了。(1)assumethat认为It is assumed that被认为assume sth/sb to be/that假定某物/某人是(2)assuming(that)假设/假定(3)assumption n假定；设想make an assumption 认为；假设on the assumption that 假定assume假设；设想；认为。指很少或完全无根据的心里猜测，并非合乎逻辑的推理，或指为论
11、证而提出有一定根据的假设guess猜测；猜想。最常用词，指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测imagine想象。指毫无根据随意想象，可在脑海中构成明确的、清晰的图像部分分词可以转化为连词，引导条件状语从句，表示“如果，假定”。常见的还有：supposing(suppose)，providing(provided)，given，considering等。选词填空(assume/imagine/guess)_it rains tomorrow,what shallwe do?Wecanhardly_lifewithoutelectricity.I cant _your thoughts.完成句
12、子在证实他有罪之前我们必须要假定他是清白的。We _ innocent untilhe is proved guilty.【答 案】Assuming imagine guess must assume him to be4regardless of 不管；不顾Regardless of the results,we have to followhis advice.不管结果怎样，我们不得不听从他的建议。He sleeps regardless of the noise outside.他尽自睡着，也不管外面吵闹的声音。as regards 关于；至于regardas 把当作regardless
13、 of跟名词、动名词和其他短语作宾语；不能直接跟从句，但可以接the factthat；同义词是despite及in spite of，但despite和in spite of还有“尽管”之意。句型转换The plane took off on time in spite of thebad weather._the weather _，the plane took off on time.完成句子培训班欢迎各个年龄段的学生参加。The training class welcomes all students_.【答 案】Although；wasbad regardless of age5at
14、 most至多；最多It will take two hours at most to get there.最多两小时便可到达那里。for the most part 多半；大体上；基本上in most cases 多数情况下；通常情况下make the most of 充分利用，尽量利用；十分重视most of all 最重要的是；首先at most也可写成at the most，其反义词组为attheleast至少。完成句子这次旅行最多只会花去你50英镑。Thetripwillonly_.尽可能多锻炼身体，每周锻炼四至六次，每次至少30分钟。Getasmuchexerciseaspossi
15、ble,_ every time,four to six times aweek.【答案】cost you fifty pounds at most at least 30 minutes6sharpen vi.&vt.(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰The soldiers sharpened up their knives.战士们把刀磨得锋利。Debate sharpens ones wits.辩论使人才智敏锐。sharpen sth up使达到标准；使符合质量要求sharp adj.锋利的；急剧的；敏锐的；尖刻的；adv.(置于时间之后)准；正sharpener n磨具；削具 Be careful
16、 with that knifeits very sharp.当心那把刀子它很锋利。语法填空A pencil _(sharp)is a device thatcan be used _(sharpen)a pencil.完成句子他决定两点整来这儿。He decided to come here_.【答案】sharpener;to sharpen at twooclock sharp7cut up切碎；使痛苦Cut up the carrot before you put them into thepot.把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅内。cut across走捷径；抄近路cut away 切除；砍掉c
17、ut down 减少；砍倒cut in 插嘴；打断cut off 中断(气、电、水等的)供应；切断；使隔绝cut out切掉；删掉cutinto pieces劈碎；切碎用适当的词填空The gas has been cut _ due to theearthquake.You can cut _ the last sentence ofthe paragraph.Mr Davis cut _ to ask if anyonewould like a drink.This piece of material may be cut_to make a pair of trousers.完成句子My
18、 uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking,but at least he has _(削减)【答案】off out in up cut down1It must have been very uncomfortable.那肯定很不舒服。本句中must have been表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测，意思是“肯定已经；一定已经”，该结构只用于肯定句。The room is empty.They must have left.房间空了，他们肯定已经离开了。“情态动词have done”的其他常见结构：may/mighthave done表示对过去发生的事情的推
19、测，把握性不大，意思是“或许做过某事”，还可表示“本可以做某事(而未做)”。should/ought to have done表示“本该做某事(实际上却没有做)”。neednthave done表示“本不必做某事(实际上却做了)”。couldhave done表示对过去发生的事情的推测，但比may/mighthave done表示推测的把握性大，意为“可能做过某事”，又可表示“本能够做某事(实际上却没做)”，暗含一种惋惜之意。完成句子孩子们一定是在树林里迷路了，否则按时间他们会在湖边野营了。The children _；otherwise,they would have been at the
20、 lakesidecamp as scheduled.我们实行调查时他们出国了，要不然的话，他们就会来帮助我们了。They were abroad during the months whenwe were carrying out the investigation,or they_.【答案】must have got lost in the woodsshould/could/must/might have come to ourhelp2We have been excavating layers of ashalmost six metres thick,which suggests
21、thatthey might have kept the fire burning allwinter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。本 句 的 主 句 是 We have been excavatinglayers of ash almost six metres thick，其中形容词短语almost six metres thick作后置定语，修饰ash。which引导一个非限制性定语从句，在从句中suggests后跟that引导的宾语从句。have been excavating是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直延续到现在，或将继续延续至
22、将来。(1)现在完成进行时是现在完成时的强调形式，表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去，通常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：for hours,since thismorning等，其构成是“have/hasbeen现在分词”。(2)suggest有两个意思：意为“提议，建议”，后接动词要用动名词形式；后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气(“should动词原形”，should常省略)。意为“表明，显示，暗示”，后接宾语从句(不用虚拟语气)。语法填空Marty_(work)really hard on hisbook and thinks hell have finished
23、it by Friday.完成句子她爸爸在1990年去世了，她的丈夫也死了5年多了。Her father_in 1990 and her husband_for more than five years.整个星期美元一直在稳步攀升。The dollar _steadily all week.【答案】has been working died;hasbeen dead has been climbing3Yes,indeed,as the botanical analyseshave shown us,all the fields around here usedto be part of a
24、large shallow lake.很对，植物学分析结果明确告诉我们，这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。句中as引导的是非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，指代后面句子的内容。As is known to us all,the US is made up of 50 states.众所周知，美国是由 50 个州组成的。(1)as引导时间状语从句，意为“当时候；一边一边；随着”。(2)as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为，由于”，相当于since。(3)as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”(需用倒装结构)。Child as he is,he knows a lot.虽然他只是个孩子，他懂得很多。
25、as与which在引导非限制性定语从句时的区别as的用法(1)在从句中通常作主语指代整个主句；(2)表示“正如，正像”；(3)其引导的定语从句既可以放在主句之前也可以放在主句之后。which的用法(1)关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语，指代物。(2)当指代整个主句时表示的意思是主句和从句之间是因果关系即因为所以。(3)其引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。The Pacific is the largest ocean,as we allknow.正如我们所知道的，太平洋是最大的洋。Tom suddenly fell ill,which made us sad.汤姆突然病倒，这使得我们很伤心
26、。选词填空(as/which)He has to work on Sunday,_ hedoesnt like.He passed the exam,_we hadexpected._was reported,ten people werebadly injured in the accident.The road was too slippery,_caused lots of accidents.完成句子他一边唱歌一边做家庭作业。He sang songs_.尽管他已经很累了，他还是主动提出帮助我。_，he offers to help me.【答案】3which as As which as he was doing his homework Tired as he is