1、1injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害injury n损害；伤害injured adj.受伤的；受损害的2react vi.反应；作出反应 reaction n反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应3order n命令；顺序；规则 orderly adj.有秩序的；有条理的，整齐的4confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准confirmation n确认书，证明书5occur vi.发生，出现；存在于occurrence n发生；出现6relief n宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济relieve v减轻；解除；使放心7inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知information n信息；知识；情报in
2、formed adj.见多识广的；消息灵通的1signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 This announcement signalled a clear change of policy.预示；表明Hunger is the bodys signal that levels of blood sugar are too low.信号A police car drew abreast of us and signalled us to stop.示意2exit vi.&vt.出去，离去，退场；退出 n出口，通道；离开There is a fire exi
3、t on each floor of the building.出口；通道He made a quick exit to avoid meeting her.离开As the actors exited the stage the lights went on.退场，离去3flood n洪水，水灾；大量 vi.& vt.淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country.洪水，水灾Large numbers of immigrants flooded into the area.涌入If the
4、pipe bursts it could flood the whole house.淹没Theres been a flood of lowfat and light ice creams on the market.大量Words and Phrases知识要点1injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害(教材P16)Only 5 students suffered slight injuries，despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large.尽管目前整个灾区
5、总体的伤亡数字是7人死亡，200多人受伤，但(在这所学校)只有5名学生受了轻伤。例1Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.他们当中三分之二的人在地震中或死或伤。例2This could seriously injure the companys reputation.这会严重损害公司的声誉。造句撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。Three people were killed and five injured in the crash.知识拓展(1)injured adj.受伤的the injured受伤的人；伤
6、员(2)injury n.(对躯体的)伤害，损伤；(对感情的)伤害，挫伤do an injury to sb.do sb.an injury伤害某人易混辨析injure，wound，hurt，harminjure指人在意外事故中受到的伤害，可用于无生命物体的损坏，更多用于对人的某个部位的损伤。wound指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上的受伤。hurt指一般的肉体伤害，尤指精神上或感情上的伤害。此外hurt也可用作不及物动词，意为“受伤”。harm特指伤及一个人或其心情、健康、权利、事业等，并使之产生痛苦、损害或某种不幸遭遇。即学即练单句语法填空/选词填空(injur
7、e，wound，hurt，harm)I heard that her son was injured(injure) in the accident.Dont do that.Youll do yourself an injury(injure)Tom is playing in place of the injured (injure) John.You really hurt me when you said I was selfish.In the traffic accident ten were killed and eight were injured .It is easy to
8、 harm your eyes by reading in poor light.Luckily no one got wounded in the battle.知识要点2reaction n反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应(教材P16)Her students reaction was quick and correctthey moved under their desks，head first，and held on to the legs of the desks.她的学生们反应迅速、正确他们头朝里，爬到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。例1There has been a mixed react
9、ion to her appointmentas director.对她任命为主管一事，人们的反应褒贬不一。例2I tried shaking him but there was no reaction.我试着摇了摇他，但他一动不动。造句他对这消息有何反应？What was his reaction to the news?知识拓展react to sth.对某事作出反应react by doing sth.以方式作出反应react against反对，反抗react with与起化学反应即学即练单句语法填空He was a little afraid of his fathers react
10、ion(react)Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.The boy often reacts against his parents.小片段助记How did the students react to the conclusion that iron has a slow reaction with water？Some didnt believe it，and even reacted against me.知识要点3signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志n.信号，暗号；信号灯；标志(教材P16)She signall
11、ed to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。例1She signalled to Ted that she was moving forward.她向特德示意她要向前走。例2Chest pain can be a warning signal of heart problems.胸部疼痛可能是心脏病的报警信号。造句他示意该走了。He signalled that it was time to leave
12、.知识拓展a danger/warning signal危险/警告信号traffic signals交通信号灯signal (to) sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事signal to sb.向某人示意易混辨析signal，sign，symbol，marksignal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。sign表示“告示，标记”时，侧重指用图形、文字等所表达的内容，另外还可指“征兆，迹象”。symbol指象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物或图案。mark普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征，还可以指污点、污渍、分数、成绩等。即学即练单句
13、语法填空/选词填空(signal，sign，symbol，mark)The guard seems to be signalling to us with his arm.The policeman signalled us to cross(cross) the road.Tom turned left at the traffic signals(signal)The gentleman signalled to me with a smile.He ignored the traffic signals and caused the accident.Sir，you are not al
14、lowed to walk your pet on the lawn.Dont you see the sign “Keep off the grass”？The dove is the symbol of peace.Every coat in the shop has a price mark sewn on it.知识要点4confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准(教材P16)After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each o
15、ther.点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。例1Has everyone confirmed (that) theyre coming?是不是确认每个人一定会来？例2The walk in the mountains confirmed his fear of heights.在山里步行使他更加确信自己有恐高症。造句你能证实一下发生了什么事吗？Can you confirm what happened?知识拓展(1)confirm sb.in.使某人在方面更加坚定confirm sb.in the belief that.使某人坚信It is/has been
16、 confirmed that.已经确定(2)confirmation n.证实；确认书，证明书即学即练单句语法填空It has been confirmed(confirm) that he wasnt the person who stole your bike.Mr.Roberts，may I have your telephone number to confirm(confirm) the appointment tomorrow evening?This latest information confirms(confirm) me in the belief that he is
17、 to blame.The latest evidence confirmed me in his honesty.小片段助记What my teacher said confirmed me in my belief that our cause was valuable.It is worthwhile waiting for confirmation of test results. I find it better to confirm me in my ideal future. 知识要点5occur vi.发生，出现；存在于(教材P17)It immediately occurre
18、d to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的征兆。例1When exactly did the incident occur?这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的？例2If headaches only occur at night，lack of fresh air and oxygen is often the cause.如果头痛只发生在晚上，缺少新鲜空气和氧气常常是其原因。造句我没想到要核对我的保险单。It did not occur to me to check my insurance pol
19、icy.知识拓展(1)occur to sb.某人突然想到；想起It occurs to sb.that./to do.某人突然想到/要做(2)表示“某人突然想到”还常用下列句型：It strikes sb.that.It hits sb.that.名师点津occur没有被动语态，不用于进行时。其过去式和过去分词均为occurred。occur作谓语时，主语不能是人。即学即练单句语法填空An excellent idea occurred(occur) to me when I woke up this morning.It didnt occur to her to ask(ask) for
20、 help.This kind of disease occurred(occur) mainly in the countryside in the past.小片段助记It didnt occur to him that his wife was having an affair.Suddenly，a question occurred to him，“When did it occur? And why？”It occurred to him to break up with her.知识要点6relief n宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济(教材P17)To her great relie
21、f，the officer immediately realized the coming danger.使她大为宽慰的是，这名安全员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。例1We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left.他走了以后，我们大家都如释重负地松了口气。例2Much to my relief，the car was not damaged.令我非常庆幸的是车并没有被损坏。造句能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了。It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it.知识拓展(1)to ones (
22、great) relief使某人(大为)欣慰的是What a relief!可轻松了！It is a relief to do sth.做某事是令人欣慰的。(2)relieve v.(疼痛、问题)减轻，缓解relieve sb.of .解除某人的负担即学即练单句语法填空It is a great relief to have(have) rain after a long time of drought.The doctors treatment gave no relief(relieve) to the patient.To Macs relief，the animal fell back
23、，shaking its head.You may ask your daughter to relieve you of some housework.小片段助记What a relief! The new secretary relieved us of some of the paperwork，so I breathed a sigh of relief.Much to my relief，I was relieved of work stress.知识要点7inform vt.通知；了解，熟悉(教材P19)Remember to inform yourself of what is
24、going on.记住要了解事态的进展。例1I have been reliably informed that the couple will marry next year.我得到可靠消息说他们俩明年结婚。例2We need time to inform ourselves thoroughly of the problem.我们需要时间对这个问题有个透彻的了解。造句他们将把自己所取得的任何进展都告诉他。They would inform him of any progress they had made.知识拓展(1)inform sb.of/about sth.告知某人某事inform
25、 sb.that.通知某人keep sb.informed of随时告知某人(2)information n.U信息即学即练单句语法填空Thank you for keeping me informed(inform) of everything thats happening.The man often surfs the Internet to search for some information (inform)Having been informed(inform) many times，he still forgot the meeting.Did anyone inform yo
26、u about/of the change of the plan?Sentence Patterns重点句式1when用作并列连词(教材P16)Alice Brown，head teacher at Falmont Primary School，was teaching when the floor began to shake.弗尔蒙特小学的校长爱丽丝布朗正在上课，突然地板开始摇晃起来。句式分析句中用了“be doing.when.”这一固定句式，意为“正在做某事，这时”。句中的when是并列连词，意为“就在那时”。相当于and then或and at the same time。例1Ne
27、wton was thinking about the question when an apple fell onto the ground.牛顿正在思考着这个问题，这时(突然)一个苹果落到地上。例2He was sleeping when someone knocked at the door.他正在睡觉，突然有人敲门。造句我正想着这件事，突然听到有人叫我的名字。I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.知识拓展when作并列连词时常用于以下句型中：(1)be doing.when.正在做这时(2)be about to do.w
28、hen.be on the point of doing.when./be going to do.when.正要做这时(3)had hardly just done.when.刚做了这时即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the gate.I was wandering(wander)through the streets when I caught sight of a tailors shop.We were about to start(start)when it began to
29、rain.I was lying on my back(我正仰卧着)reading when I saw a snake.We had been asleep for only a few hours(我们刚睡了几个小时)when we heard a brisk knock on the bedroom door.重点句式2the moment引导时间状语从句(教材P16)The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.震动一停止，
30、布朗小姐就感觉到这是全班同学逃跑的最佳时机。句式分析句中用了the moment引导的时间状语从句，意为“一就”。例1The moment I went in，Kate let out a cry of surprise.我一进去，凯特就惊讶地叫了一声。例2Dont get excited the moment you hear a criticism.不要一听到批评就沉不住气。造句我一遇到他，他就企图向我借钱。The moment I met him，he tried to borrow money from me.知识拓展表示“一就”的结构有：(1)on/uponn./doing sth.
31、(2)immediately/directly/once从句(3)the minute/the moment/the instant从句(4)hardly.when.；no sooner.than.名师点津当hardly和no sooner放在句首的时候，主句通常用部分倒装形式。主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.Upon returning(return) from Beijing，he began his research work.I fell in l
32、ove with this city directly(direct) I saw it.On/Upon our arrival(一到达)，we were shown around the company.Hardly had we begun the climb(我们刚一开始爬山)when the snow began to come down.1(教材P16)After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other.分析此句为主从复
33、合句。 after 引导时间状语从句，其中，that all were safe and sound为宾语从句；主句为“ they relaxed ”，现在分词短语 “laughing，crying and hugging each other”作伴随状语。译文点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。2(教材P17)Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life.分析此句为简单句。to survive the disaster with
34、out any loss of life 为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词短语the only local beach。译文在这场灾难中，金海岸海滩是当地唯一没有人员伤亡的海滩。3(教材P17)However，Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer.分析此句为主从复合句。其中 that 引导宾语从句。译文然而，萨布丽娜确信可怕的灾难即将来临，坚持要父母去告诉安全员。教材高考1.Her students r
35、eaction was quick and correctthey moved under their desks，head first，and held on to the legs of the desks.(2020浙江卷)In the past，there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads，says Mark Poch，the Bellevue Transportation Departments traffic engineering manager.2.After a
36、 roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other.(2020江苏卷)The daily number of newly cured and discharged(出院) patients exceeded that of the newly confirmed cases.3.Remember to inform yourself of what is going on.(2021全国乙卷)In around 80 AD., the Roma
37、ns built the Colosseum, which remains the worlds best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design.单句语法填空1A number of bombs have exploded，seriously injuring(injure) at least five people.2She reacted by turning her back on him.3He signalled to us to join(join) him.4It has been confirmed
38、that the singer will give a performance next week.5It occurred(occur) to me that I could buy my mother a new coat on her birthday.6Mr.Johnson insisted that the problem (should) be discussed(discuss) at the meeting.7We are kept informed(inform) of what is happening in the world by reading newspapers
39、and watching TV.8I cant go out with all these dishes to wash(wash)9The moment he returned from Europe，he set out to work.10To my great relief，they arrived home on time.短语填空at large；at the same time；hold on to；in case；safe and sound；a series of；occur to；keep ones head；to ones great relief；keep.inform
40、ed of1To my great relief，I passed the final exam.2Please keep me informed of any developments.3Try to keep your head and just tell me what happened.4At last he accepted the opinion of the public at large5Happily，all have returned safe and sound6I told him how we had fought to hold on to the company.
41、7Its impossible to get everybody together at the same time8In case you should need any help，heres my number.9In a flash，it occurred to him that he had left his umbrella in the meeting room.10Recently Tom has published a series of articles on the nature of modern society.课文语法填空()In spite of 7 killed
42、and over 200 injured in an earthquake, 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School 1.escaped(escape) the disaster. Only 5 students suffered slight injuries. The head teacher 2.named (name)Alice Brown was teaching when the floor began to shake. Her students3.reaction(react)was quick and co
43、rrect. Miss Brown 4.quickly(quick) opened the classroom door 5.that/which might be damaged 6.in case it could not open. The moment 7.the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an 8.orderly (or
44、der) line. After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, 9.laughing(laugh), crying and hugging each other.The earthquake safety procedures 10.are practised(practise) twice a year, so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.()Although a series o
45、f huge waves 1.caused(cause) by an undersea earthquake left thousands 2.dead(die), a 10yearold girl named Sabrina Andron helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis.While people 3.were enjoying(enjoy) the warm sea air and the soft wind on the sandy beach, Sabrina noticed so
46、mething odd. She said that the water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer. She had just learnt about tsunamis in 4.a Geography lesson, and it immediately occurred 5.to her that these were signs of an 6.approaching (approach) tsunami. Although frightened, she kept her head 7.and warned her parents of the danger, she kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer. Much to her 8.relief(relieve), the officer realized the coming danger 9.immediately (immediate) and the beach 10.was cleared(clear) of people soon, just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.