1、UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLDA卷小题夯基练.语境填词1There is no doubt that top graduates from key universities are chased by major(主要的，大的) companies home and abroad.2Those who have a positive attitude(态度) to life are more likely to succeed. 3It demands(要求) that if you cite any example or statement, you sh
2、ould highlight the source and the original author.4At Oxford University, math and computer science are two subjects that have big gaps(差距) in terms of grades.5Their debut(首映) movies do very well at the countrys box office, despite(尽管) the fact that many audience choose to watch movies online.6The tr
3、affic system being tested in several cities is regarded(看待) as the solution to the increasing traffic congestion. .词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1(2020新高考山东卷)Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references(refer), making his tale a wellrounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from
4、Western eyes.2(2020全国卷)She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics(character) that made the task easier for them.3(2019北京卷)No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various(vary) activities on Earth Day.4Well get in touch wit
5、h you as soon as a decision is made regarding(regard) your application.5The 34yearold star is considering retirement after struggling(struggle) with fitness problems.6When she saw an old beggar(beg), she took the cold, rough hands of the woman dressed in filthy(脏的) clothes with her warm, clean hands
6、.7Creativity is a one of the major factors(factor) these days in the highly competitive consumer market, and product manufacturers (生产商) are all trying to attract the attention of potential customers with one brand new invention after another.8My job at the law firm was so demanding(demand) and stre
7、ssful that I felt exhausted after a days work.9The two teams are equally(equal) matched in both style and skill.10What makes children delighted is getting lucky money, which is a tradition dating(date) back to many years ago.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词)1(2020浙江卷7月)Bellevue, a fastgrowing city just east of
8、 Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection (十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions.2(2020天津卷7月)Many of todays sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based o
9、n the phenomenon we call sound.3(2020天津卷7月)Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.4Young people have taken up the majority of new jobs in Chinas emerging services sector.5A recent survey from the U
10、S tells about whats this generations attitude (态度) to/toward work and family.6It is an herb native to Paraguay that has been used for centuries as a sweetener.7A recent study showed that despite their best efforts, most of them couldnt stop using their digital devices.8In many developed countries, b
11、ikes are only used for sports instead of a means of transportation.选词填空be equal to, no matter what, relate to, be based on, date back to, ups and downs, refer to1Believe in our friendshipI will always be here for you, no matter what happens.2What confused me most is that I found it difficult to rela
12、te the crime to such an innocent girl.3The boy gradually became more confident, finishing his speech without referring to his note. 4In the antique store, my uncle discovered a vase with bright color and vivid patterns, which dated back to Tang Dynasty.5All human beings are equal to one another in f
13、ront of law, which is the basis of our legal system.完成句子/一句多译1海伦凯勒从未放弃过，一直对生活保持积极的态度。Helen Keller never gave up and always took a positive attitude to/toward(s) life2曾经有段时间他想放弃，但是现在他有更进一步继续前行的决心。There was a time when he felt like giving up, but now_he has the determination to push further and keep o
14、n going.3我要求他把从我这里借的书归还给我。I demanded that he (should) return the books he had borrowed from me.4惩罚绝不是帮助学生成长的明智选择。(means n)Punishment is by no means a wise choice to help students grow up.5(江西卷)难以置信的是卢卡斯(Lucas)先生尽管拥有巨大财富，但还是过着一种简朴的生活。 It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas lives a simple life although/tho
15、ugh he has his great wealthIt is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas lives a simple life despite/in spite of his great wealthB卷大题提能练.阅读理解A(2021福州高三毕业班适应性练习卷)While many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that weve “summered”“Summer” is clearly a noun, more precisely, a verbed
16、noun.Way back in our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb.With such a clear definition, it was easy to spot the difference.Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot” the bill, “chair” committees, and “dialogue” with political opponents.Chances are you didnt fe
17、el uncomfortable about the sight of those verbed nouns.“The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language，”says Patricia OConner, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review.Experts estimated that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns.And the phenomenon seems to be snowbal
18、ling.Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.Even though the conversion (转化) is quite universal，plenty of grammarians object to the practice.William Strunk Jr.and EBWhite, in The Elements of Stylean authoritative (权威性的) book for the use of American Englishhave this to say,
19、 “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs.Not all are bad, but all are suspect.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.“Sometimes people object to a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar to them，” says OConne
20、r.Thats why were comfortable “hosting” a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports.So are there any rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesnt offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about “verbifying” a noun if its easily replaced b
21、y an already existing popular verb.Make sure its descriptive but not sillysounding, he says.In the end, however, style is subjective.The easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English “English”Not every coinage (新创的词语) p
22、asses into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。在英语中把名词动词化的做法很普遍，但是很多语法学家反对这种做法，而且有时这样做也可能会让我们失望，因此我们要慎用名词的动词化。1What can we learn about the verbing of nouns?AIt hasnt recently been opposed by many grammarians.BIt is more commonly accepted by children tha
23、n adults.CIt hasnt been a rare phenomenon since last century.DIt is easily replaced by existing verbs in practice.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段尾句“Since 1900，about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.”可知，自1900年以来，大约40%的新动词来自名词。据此可知，自20世纪以来，名词的动词化就成了常见的现象，故C项正确。2What is most leading experts attitude to
24、wards the practice of the verbing of nouns?ACautious. BSatisfied.CDisappointed. DUnconcerned.A解析：观点态度题。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs.Not all are bad，but all are suspect.”可知，针对名词的动词化这一现象，两位权威的语法学家认为并非所有这种做法都是不好的，但所有都是不可靠的。据此可推知，权威专家对把名词动词化的做法持谨慎的态度，故A项正确。3What
25、 does the author think of ending the verbing of nouns?APredictable. BPracticable.CApproaching. DImpossible.D解析：推理判断题。根据尾段尾句“Not every coinage(新创的词语) passes into general use，but as for trying to end verbing altogether，forget it.”可知，不是每个新创的词语都会普遍使用，但是至于试图结束名词的动词化，那就算了吧。据此可推知，作者认为结束名词的动词化是不可能的，故D项正确。A项
26、意为“可预见的”，B项意为“可行的、行得通的”，都与文意不符。4What is the best title for the text?AAre 40 Percent of All New Verbs from Nouns?BAre Summering and Medaling Annoying?CAre You Comfortable About a New Verb?DAre There Any Rules for Verbing?B解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章首段以summer一词为例引出主题：名词的动词化；接着文章表述把名词动词化的做法很普遍，但有很多语法学家反对这种做法，而且
27、这样做有时可能会让我们失望，因此我们要慎用名词的动词化。故B项最适合作本文标题。B(2021日照高三第一次校际联合考试)Tyler attended my class for a semester.He had anger management issues.He had been suspended many times in previous years.When he entered my class in his senior year, I assumed the worst.In my class, if Tyler got an answer wrong, he would be
28、come angry.About a month into the year, I was still trying to connect with Tyler.I can usually get students involved in class discussions or at least motivate them to sit quietly and attentively.By contrast, Tyler was just loud and unpleasant.One day, Tyler was talking while I was teaching.In the mi
29、ddle of the lesson, I said, “Tyler, why dont you join our discussion instead of having one of your own？” With that, he got up from his chair, pushed it over, and yelled something rude.I referred Tyler to the headmaster and he received a weeks outofschool suspension.The week Tyler was out of school w
30、as wonderful but the suspension week soon came to an end.On the day of Tylers return, I stood at the door waiting for him.As soon as I saw him, I asked Tyler to talk to me for a moment.He seemed unhappy to do it but agreed.I told him that I wanted to start over with him.I also told him that if he fe
31、lt like he was going to lose control in class, he had my permission to step outside the door for a moment to collect himself.From that point on, Tyler was a changed student.He listened and he participated.He was a smart student, something I could finally witness in him.He even stopped a fight betwee
32、n two other students one day.At the end of the year, Tyler wrote me a thankyou note about how good the year had been for him.Today I still find it touching to reread when I get stressed about teaching.This experience changed me as a teacher.I came to understand that students are people who have feel
33、ings and who dont want to feel cornered.They want to learn but they also want to feel as if they have some control over themselves.I never made assumptions again about students before they came into my class.Every student is different; no two students react in the same way.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。泰勒是一个不会管理自己
34、愤怒情绪的学生。有一天泰勒因为在课堂上发脾气，对老师举止粗鲁而被停课一周。当他回到学校后，作为老师，作者和他进行了一次谈话，并允许他在情绪不好的时候去门外面待一会儿使自己镇静。从那以后，泰勒的表现有了很大的改变。5What did the author assume at the beginning of the school year? AHe would have to suspend a student.BHe would witness fights between students.CHe would have trouble dealing with a student.DHe w
35、ould be unable to motivate the students.C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“He had anger management issues.He had been suspended many times in previous years.When he entered my class in his senior year，I assumed the worst.”可以推断，作者在学年开始时认为，他在与泰勒打交道的时候会有麻烦，故选C。6Why was Tyler punished?AHe destroyed a chair.BHe refused t
36、o answer a question.CHe was unwilling to join a discussion.DHe behaved too rudely toward the teacher.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“With that，he got up from his chair，pushed it over，and yelled something rude.”可知，泰勒之所以受到惩罚是因为他对老师举止粗鲁，故D项正确。7How did the author start over with Tyler?ABy having him talk to the headm
37、aster about his problem.BBy encouraging him to participate in classroom activities.CBy writing heartfelt notes to him when feeling depressed.DBy allowing him to collect himself outside the classroom.D解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I also told him that if he felt like he was going to lose control in class，he had m
38、y permission to step outside the door for a moment to collect himself.”可知，作者允许泰勒在课堂上感觉要失去控制的时候去门外面待一会儿来使自己镇静，故选D。8What is the best title for the text?AA Demanding ProfessionBA Successful LearnerCPreassumptions About Troubled StudentsDMending Classroom MisbehaviorD解析：标题归纳题。结合文章大意可知，本文主要讲述了学年之初，作者的班里来
39、了一名问题学生，有一天该学生因为在课堂上发脾气，对作者举止粗鲁而被停课一周，但之后作者与该学生进行沟通并允许学生在快要失控时去门外待一会儿使他自己镇静，此后，该学生的行为有了很大的改变，故D项适合作本篇文章的标题。.完形填空(2021新高考八省联考模考)This happened when I was ten. On a normal Sunday, I went to the barber shop where I always went. That day, along with the barber there was an assistant, who had recently 1 t
40、he shop.So I sat for the haircut. The uncle asked me how 2 I wanted it. I answered, “Just do as my dad had 3 you the last time.”He smiled. Before starting the 4 ， he added, “What if I keep it long？”I 5 he was joking. So I joked too. I said, “I cant 6 what would happen to your shop then！”The moment I
41、 said it the assistant 7 from behind, “How dare do you say that! Who are you to take us down, eh？”I admit I was too 8 at that moment and the uncle standing beside me was giving me an 9 look.From that day on, I 10 stopped joking about anyones profession and works. It is one of the most 11 incidents i
42、n my life, which taught me to 12 the profession and works of a person, no matter how 13 they are.Im 14 that the assistant responded in a way that made me rethink the power of my words. Words do make a 15 【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候理发时跟理发师开玩笑的经历，这让作者意识到语言的威力。1Aleft BopenedCjoinedDvisitedC解析：考查动词词义辨析。
43、句意：那天，除了理发师还有一个助手，最近刚加入这个理发店。leave离开，open打开，join加入，visit拜访。根据句意可知，作者经常去的理发店新来了一位助手。故选C。2Amuch BlongCoften DsoonB解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位叔叔问我剪多长的头发。much很多，long 长、久，often 经常，soon 很快。根据句意可知，作者去理发店，理发店的叔叔问他剪多长的头发。故选B。3Ainstructed BinvitedCpromised DconvincedA解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回答：“和上次我爸爸告诉你的一样长就行”。instruct吩咐、指导，i
44、nvite 邀请，promise答应，convince使确信。根据句意可知，上次来理发时，作者爸爸给理发师说过要给作者理发的长度。故选A。4Adiscussion BjourneyCtraining DhaircutD解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在开始理发前，他又说道：“如果我剪长了呢”。discussion讨论，journey旅程，training训练，haircut剪发。根据句意可知，理发师是在开始剪发之前又说了一句话。故选D。5Aagreed BheardChoped DknewD解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道他是在开玩笑。agree同意，hear听到，hope希望，know知道
45、。根据句意可知，作者知道理发师说那句话是在开玩笑。故选D。6Aforget BtolerateCguarantee DunderstandC解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可不能保证到时候你的理发店会发生什么。forget忘记，tolerate忍受，guarantee确保，understand理解。根据句意可知，作者在开玩笑，意思是剪坏作者的头发，他的理发店会遭殃。故选C。7Aurged BshoutedClaughed DhelpedB解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我刚一说完，那个助手从身后大喊。urge敦促，shout喊叫，laugh大笑，help帮助。根据句意可知，助手当真，大喊起来。故
46、选B。8Aangry BproudCscared DcuriousC解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我承认我当时太害怕了，并且我旁边的叔叔给我一个尴尬的表情。angry生气的，proud骄傲的，scared害怕的，curious好奇的。根据“Who are you to take us down, eh？”可知，只有10岁的作者被那位助手的质问吓坏了。故选C。9Aanxious BappealingCencouraging DawkwardD解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。anxious焦虑的，appealing吸引人的，encouraging鼓舞的，awkward尴尬的。根据“I wen
47、t to the barber shop where I always went”可知，理发师对新助手给常客说的话感到尴尬。故选D。10Asuddenly BcompletelyCtemporarily DregularlyB解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：从那天起，我彻底不再对别人的职业和工作开玩笑。suddenly突然，completely完全，temporarily 临时，regularly有规律地。根据“I admit I was too.”可知，作者通过理发时开玩笑的不愉快经历，学到的教训是不要在别人的工作上开玩笑。故选B。11Aimportant BexcitingCstrange
48、DinterestingA解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我人生中最重要的事情之一，它教给我要尊重一个人的职业和工作，不论他有多么渺小。important重要的，exciting令人兴奋的，strange奇怪的，interesting有趣的。根据“which taught me”可知，作者认为这件事是很重要的事情。故选A。12Alearn BenterCchange DrespectD解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。learn学习，enter 进入，change改变，respect尊重。根据句意可知，作者学会了尊重一个人的职业和工作。故选D。13Ahard BsmallCgood Dco
49、mplexB解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。hard难的，small小的，good好的，complex复杂的。根据“no matter how”可知，不论对方是多小的人物，也要给予尊重。故选B。14Asorry BconfidentCgrateful DembarrassedC解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激那位店员的回应让我重新考虑我说话的威力。sorry抱歉的，confident自信的，grateful感激的，embarrassed尴尬的。根据“made me rethink the power of my words”可知，作者感激那位店员让自己意识到说话要尊重别人。故选C。
50、15Adifference BmistakeCchoice DjokeA解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：语言真能带来很大的影响。difference不同，mistake错误，choice选择，joke玩笑。根据“made me rethink the power of my words”可知，作者感悟到了语言的重要性。make a difference意为“有影响，起作用”。故选A。.语法填空(2021武汉质量检测)Today，many people are worried about endangered species. But isnt it just normal for some an
51、imals to die out?The situation today is different from 1._ of the past. In the past, animals died out over a long period of time. When animals died out in the past, it was usually because of the weather or other 2._(nature) causes.What is happening today is 3._(total) different. We are killing milli
52、ons of species in a short time. The result is that we are killing our future, because so many species 4._(kill) in such a short time that even 5._ fittest cant survive. In fact, there wont be enough species to choose from. Without enough animals and plants, evolution cannot function and nature will
53、get 6._ (bad) instead of getting better.Many of the species 7._(disappear) on earth are unknown and few people even know that they are dying out. These animals and plants started to live on earth long 8._ us and we have no right to kill them. We may also need these species in the future. We must try
54、 to keep the endangered species alive. If we allow these species 9._(die) out, we are in fact become endangered 10._ (our)【解题导语】如今，很多物种在很短的时间内就被杀害，这与过去的情形完全不同。很多物种对自然和人类都至关重要，我们不能任由它们灭绝。1that解析：考查代词。分析该句结构可知，空处作介词from的宾语，该句表示“如今的情形和过去的不同”，空处指代该句中的The situation，故填that。2natural解析：考查形容词。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词c
55、auses，故用所给词的形容词形式。句意：在过去，动物灭绝通常是因为天气或其他自然原因。3totally解析：考查副词。副词修饰形容词，空处修饰形容词different，故填所给词的副词形式。4are(being) killed解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。该从句的主语是so many species，谓语动词应用复数形式，和动词kill是被动关系，应用被动语态，又结合语境可知，此处叙述的为客观存在的情况或此刻正在进行的动作，表示“如此多的物种(正在)被杀死”，故用一般现在时的被动语态或现在进行时的被动语态，故填are (being) killed。5the解析：考查冠词。形容词的最高
56、级形式前面用定冠词the。根据空后的形容词的最高级形式fittest可知，该处应用定冠词the。句意：结果是我们正在扼杀我们的未来，因为如此多的物种在如此短的时间内(正在)被杀死，即使是最健康的物种也无法生存。6worse解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的比较级形式better并结合语境可知，此处表示没有足够的动物和植物，进化就无法进行，大自然会变得更糟而不是更好。故填worse，意为“更糟”。7disappearing解析：考查现在分词。分析该句结构可知，此处为分词短语作定语，修饰前面的名词species，又该名词和动词disappear之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填所给词的现在分词形式。
57、8before解析：考查介词。根据该句中的“we have no right to kill them”和语境可知，这些动植物要比人类早很久就开始在地球上生活。故填before，意为“在以前”。9to die解析：考查动词不定式。allow sb./sth.to do sth.为固定用法，意为“允许某人/某物做某事”。10ourselves解析：考查反身代词。根据该句主语we并结合语境可知，此处表示如果我们任由这些物种灭绝，我们自己实际上也正濒临灭绝。故填反身代词ourselves。写作新题型(二).应用文写作假定你是李华，上周日你不慎在操场丢失一个书包，里面有学生证、钱包等物品。你校外教Mr
58、. Smith捡到后上交给学校。请你用英语给他写一封感谢信，内容包括：1写信的目的；2描述事情经过；3再次表达感谢。注意：1词数80左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_One possible version：Dear Mr.Smith，Im Li Hua, a student from Class 1, Grade 2. Im writing to thank you for returning my schoolbag.Last Sunday, I left my schoolbag on the playground owing to my carelessness. I was w
59、orried because my student ID card, wallet and some documents were all in it, which were very important to me. Just as I was at a loss, I was informed that my schoolbag was at the schools Lost and Found and it was you who had found my schoolbag. My excitement was truly beyond description at that mome
60、nt!Please accept my cordial thanks for your help.Yours，Li Hua.读后续写阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。(2021湖北重点中学高三上学期联考试题)The cost of a smileKathy was a young woman in her 20s who worked in a small restaurant as a waitress. One day, as she went about her shift with her usual angry look, a kind ol
61、d man walked in and sat down at the counter. He read the menu and politely told her what he wanted.Kathy took his order and yelled, “Your food will be ready soon.” As she turned to leave，the man said，“A smile costs nothing.” Kathy rolled her eyes at him and walked away.She brought his order，cleared
62、his plates，and gave him the bill，for which he left a nice tip.Each time the old man saw her, he smiled and thanked her.This only made her angrier.A week went by, and every day the man came for lunch and the same thing happened. And each time Kathy took his order he would say, “A smile costs nothing.
63、”But a week later, Kathy picked up a menu, wrote the words “1 SMILE.$20” at the bottom, and placed it on the counter for the kind old man to see.He came，and Kathy waited for his reaction as he read the menu. The old man ordered his usual food and added, “.and a smile，if you dont mind.” Kathy was so
64、surprised. She laughed out loud, “ Now, now.” The man jokingly scolded, “I ordered a smile, not a laugh. ” So Kathy put on a bright smile and said, “Coming right up, sir.” And to her surprise, he left a tip of $20!A few years went by, and the two bonded like family.Charlie, the kind old man, was a r
65、etired manager whose wife passed away long ago. He spent most of his time at home, with the exception of his frequent restaurant visits. Every day Kathy spent her break talking to him.注意：续写词数应为150左右。One day he didnt come to the restaurant._ _Several days after the funeral(葬礼)，Kathy received a very i
66、mportantlooking letter in the mail._One possible version：One day he didnt come to the restaurant. Kathy couldnt concentrate on her work the whole day. Even when the restaurant was going to close, Charlie didnt show up, and she was trapped in anxiety. After work, Kathy hurried to Charlies home, only
67、to be told by his neighbors that he had passed away last night. Not until then did she know that he had fought against cancer alone during the past years. Kathy couldnt trust her ears when she heard this. She was totally overwhelmed by grief. At Charlies funeral，the happy memories with Charlie kept
68、flashing in her mind.Several days after the funeral(葬礼), Kathy received a very importantlooking letter in the mail. She opened the letter with her hands shaking slightly. At the sight of the familiar handwriting, tears welled up in Kathys eyes. Charlie expressed his gratitude for her company these y
69、ears. Looking at the words “.and you must continue to smile at life”，she couldnt contain her sorrow and tears poured down her cheeks. It suddenly dawned on Kathy that with the help of Charlie，she transformed from the previous angrylooking waitress to a smiling girl. Only then did she realize the true meaning of smiles: bring others warmth and company. At the thought of this, a faint and longexpected smile flickered across her lips.14