1、UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONSA卷小题夯基练.语境填词1If there is any legal(法律的) dispute, youd better seek professional assistance in time.2A giant moon lit the road so brightly that we can see the surroundings(环境) clearly. 3Through intense efforts, the firm has emerged victorious in the competition and achieve
2、d a dominant position(地位) in the world market.4He was generous(慷慨的) with his time and energy, for which I would always be grateful.5Most travel agencies are prepared to tailor travel arrangements to meet individual(个人的) requirements. 6Eventually, he was unable to deny the charges in the face of soli
3、d evidence(证据) and an eyewitness.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1(2020全国卷) While Queensland Rail makes every effort to_ensure(ensure) trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.2(2020江苏卷) We did not speak the local language,
4、did not know the customs(custom), and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food.We could not have felt more foreign.3(2020天津卷7月)You should remain modest when approaching(approach) perfection.4Desperately rushing to work in the roaring(roar) workshop and noisy construction sites every
5、day has wrinkled her face and dyed her hair gray.5Chinas approach to protecting its environment while feeding(feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.6I read the announcement(announce) of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am v
6、ery interested in it.7Tombsweeping Day is Chinas day for mourning the dead.On April 5th each year, people visit the tombs of their ancestors(ancestor), sweep off weeds and offer foods and paper gifts.8The heritage of history is still evident(evidence) in the city, represented by a number of ancient
7、monuments and works of art.9There is no denying that being(be) generous and paying back to society can make you feel good, but more importantly, your acts can have a greater impact on the receiver than you may think.10However, this desire to_conquer(conquer) has become so strong that we have begun t
8、o travel in the wrong direction.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词)1(2020新高考山东卷)As well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history.2The youngsters are supposed to be courageous enough to break away from traditional ideas.3Wh
9、en she opened the door, she was greeted with a messy scene, which made her very angry.4Dialect refers to a language different in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar belonging to a particular region.5A senior officer in charge of Chinas manned space programme said the country will send its own astr
10、onauts into space early this century.选词填空join.to, break away (from sb./sth.), if any, belong to, as well as, keep your eyes open (for), take charge of1A large piece of ice broke_away_from the massive iceberg due to recent rising temperature.2As the specialist rightly pointed out, the deadly illness
11、can affect adults as_well_as young children.3In ancient times, lands generally belonged_to powerful landlords, who could influence not only the economy but also the politics of the country.4Our chairman left, so its high time for Peter to take_charge_of the chairmanship of the club to ensure its smo
12、oth operation.5The objective of these experiments was to find the connection, if_any,_between the two unique phenomena.完成句子/一句多译1(2019北京卷满分作文)在农场摘西瓜的时候，我意识到了劳动的真正含义。While_picking_watermelons_on_the_farm,_I realized the real meaning of labour.2(福建卷)这个著名的音乐家及他的学生，昨天被邀请在开幕式上表演。The famous musician, as w
13、ell as his students, was_invited_to_perform_at_the_opening_ceremony yesterday.3看起来很奇怪，他竟然拒绝了我们提出的行之有效的建议。It_seemed_strange_that he should have rejected the practical suggestion put forward by us.4这家人的祖先曾经照顾那些在第一次世界大战中手上的士兵们。The familys ancestors once looked_after_soldiers_who_were_wounded in the Fir
14、st World War.(定语从句)The familys ancestors once looked_after_soldiers_wounded in the First World War.(过去分词作定语)B卷大题提能练.阅读理解A(2021常德一中模拟)What are martial (武术的) arts and swordsmen like? To most Chinese, the answer to this question can be found in the works of the late novelist Jin Yong. Jin, whose real n
15、ame was Zha Liangyong, died on Tuesday evening in 2018 in Hong Kong, aged 94. The news soon spread all over Chinese mainland, where he inspired a generation, guiding them into the world of Wuxia, namely, swordsmen.In his books, readers can learn about Chinese calligraphy (书法), painting, music, medic
16、ine and wine. He was one of the most successful writers in popularizing traditional Chinese culture. Chinese people had a deeplyrooted admiration for noble qualities and love for the country. So he won many peoples heart. Many people are fond of watching films and TV dramas adapted from his books, w
17、hich influenced many peoples personality and value.Jins influence has no national boundary. No matter in New York, Singapore or Vancouver, where there are Chinese, there are his readers. His death marks the end of an era for martial art novels. We can hardly expect to see other writers with such inf
18、luence and artistic achievement as him.In terms of writing technique, Jin borrowed from Western plays. Some of his plots were just like ancient Greek tragedy. For instance, in his DemiGods and SemiDevils (天龙八部), the hero was like a tragic figure in Greek mythology. Writers in the West created new wo
19、rlds like the one in The Lord of the Rings or Harry Potter. If there is an imagined world in China, that is the world with martial arts and swordsmen Jin wrote for us.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了金庸先生作品中的武侠世界对中国人乃至全世界人民的影响、金庸先生在武侠作品领域中的重要性以及他的作品的写作渊源。1How does Jin influence his readers?ABy making films and T
20、V dramas.BBy making his readers read his books.CBy making his readers love for the country.DBy making traditional Chinese culture popular.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He was one of the most successful writers in popularizing traditional Chinese culture.”可知，金庸先生是靠传播中国传统文化影响了他的读者。故选D。2What can we learn from para
21、graph 3?AJin has no national boundary.BOther writers can get achievement as him.CAn era of martial art novels was ended as he died.DPeople live in foreign countries are all his readers.C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“His death marks the end of an era for martial art novels.”可知，他的逝去标志着一个武侠小说时代的终结。故选C。3By which did
22、 Jin make his writing technique better?AChinese novels.BWestern plays.CGreek tragedy.DGreek mythology.B解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In terms of writing technique, Jin borrowed from Western plays.”可知，他借鉴了西方戏剧，使自己的写作技巧变得更好。故选B。4What can be a suitable title for the text?AThe Basic Introduction of Jins LifeBJins W
23、riting Technique of His BooksCJin Made Martial Arts and Swordsmen BetterDThe World of Jins Martial Arts and SwordsmenD解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了金庸先生作品中的武侠世界对中国人乃至全世界人民的影响、金庸先生在武侠作品领域中的重要性以及他的作品的写作渊源。也就是介绍了金庸的武侠小说世界。故选D。B(2021威海高考模拟)Americas first transcontinental railroad, completed 150 years ago today
24、 at Promontory Summit in Utah, connected the vast United States and brought America into the modern age.Chinese immigrants contributed greatly to this notable achievement, but the historical accounts that followed often ignored their role.Between 1863 and 1869, as many as 20，000 Chinese workers help
25、ed build the dangerous western part of the railroad, a winding ribbon of track known as the Central Pacific Railroad.At first, the Central Pacific Railroads directors wanted a whitesonly workforce.When not enough white men signed up, the railroad began hiring Chinese men for the backbreaking labor.C
26、ompany leaders were skeptical of the new recruits ability to do the work, but they proved themselves not only capable but even superior to the other workers.Chinese workers cut through dense forests, filled deep narrow steepsided valleys, constructed long trestles (高架桥) and built enormous retaining
27、walls (挡土墙)some of which remain complete and undamaged today.All work was done by hand using carts, shovels and picks but no machinery.However, progress came at great cost：an estimated 1，200 Chinese laborers died along the Central Pacific Railroad.Despite these facts, Chinese workers were often left
28、 out of the official story because of their identity of foreigners.On the transcontinental railroads 100th birthday, the Chinese workers were still not honored.It was another fifty years later that their role was gradually highlighted.To celebrate the railroads 150th anniversary in 2019, the Califor
29、nia state assembly passed a resolution in 2017 to recognize and honor the Chinese railroad workers by designating May 10, 2017, and every May 10 thereafter, as California Chinese Railroad Workers Memorial Day.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。中国移民对美国太平洋铁路的建设做出了重大贡献， 但随后的历史记录往往忽视了他们的功劳。加州议会在2017年通过了一项决议来承认和尊重中国铁路工人所做的贡
30、献。5What might be the best title for the text?AThe Birth of the Central Pacific Railroad Cost DearlyBMay 10A Special Day for Chinese ImmigrantsCChinese Workers Contributions Gained RecognitionDThe 150th Anniversary of the Central Pacific RailroadC解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了中国工人在美国太平洋铁路建设中所做的贡献， 在2017年5月1
31、0日， 中国铁路工人的劳动得到承认和尊重。故C项能概括文章主旨， 适合用作标题。6What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to?AChinese laborers.BWhite workers.CCompany leaders. DRailroad directors.A解析：代词指代题。根据上文“Company leaders were skeptical of the new recruits ability to do the work”中的“new recruits”以及上文中的“the railroad be
32、gan hiring Chinese men”可知，they指代new recruits, 也就是中国劳工，故选A。7Why does the author make such detailed descriptions in paragraph 3?ATo prove Chinese workers superior skills.BTo stress the danger and difficulty of the work.CTo describe the grand scenery along the railroad.DTo show notable achievements mad
33、e by Chinese workers.B解析：推理判断题。第三段前半部分是对中国工人工作的描述：在茂密的森林中开出一条路， 填充了陡峭的峡谷， 建造了长长的高架桥和巨大的挡土墙， 所有的工作都是通过手推车、铲子和镐手工完成的，没有机械设备， 再结合最后一句中的“an estimated 1，200 Chinese laborers died along the Central Pacific Railroad”可知，这一系列详细描述是为了强调工作的危险和艰难。8What does the text intend to tell us?ANone so blind as those who
34、wont see.BNo pains, no gains.CTruth will come to light sooner or later.DDoing is better than saying.C解析：推理判断题。综合全文可知，文章主要讲述了中国劳工的贡献在很多年以后终于被认可。None so blind as those who wont see意为“最瞎莫如视而不见”；No pains, no gains意为“一分耕耘， 一分收获”；Truth will come to light sooner or later意为“真相早晚会大白于世”；Doing is better than s
35、aying意为“行胜于言”。故C项与文章的写作意图一致。C(2021东北三校高三第一次联合模拟)Last month，my husband and I completed what some of our friends considered a foolish task：a 32day, 5，232mile camping trip with children in our Volkswagen van, without“high technology” to occupy the children.It was the screenless journey that showered me
36、 with doubts.But is “boredom” senseless？My friend Renee, who has driven crosscountry with her three kids eight times，calls boredom the mother of creativity.Shes not the only one who sees virtue in blank time.In a recently published paper，researchers at the University of East Anglia in England conclu
37、ded that the trance (发呆) helps recharge the mind and is “central to learning and creativity”I wasnt trying to make my kids smarter.Neither do I dislike high technology.But I understand too well the power of miniscreens to transform our kids into zombies (木讷呆板的人)On Day 1，our sevenyearold son announce
38、d “Texas is so boring！” The next day, struggling against his seat belt，he yelled he couldnt take much more of this.His fiveyearold sister was better in the long hours playing makebelieve with the stuffed animals.On Day 3 he began to count mountains and see pandas and dolphins in distant clouds in th
39、e Texas sky.I often joined the kids in the back, where we did the thumbandtoe wrestle.With wellknown mountains ahead，my husband told the children the past legends of them.“Arizona is not as boring as Texas，” our son declared.I hope the trip gave kids some lazy，unstructured time to learn something ab
40、out valuing the trip instead of looking for the_fastest_way to burn it up.I dont always make the right decision as a parent but I know that by banning the small screen we made the right choice this time.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者和丈夫带着两个孩子进行了一次为期32天的野营旅行，旅行期间没让孩子们玩电子设备。作者的儿子由起初的无法忍受到后来开始关注大自然，作者自己也陪着孩子们玩，作者的丈
41、夫还给他们讲关于大山的传说。作者希望这次旅行能给孩子们一些闲散的时间去学会一些关于珍视这次旅行的东西；同时作者也认为禁止孩子玩电子设备是正确的选择。9Why did the author choose a high technologyfree journey?AHer friends were highly against it.BShe disliked advanced technology.CShe feared the passive influence of miniscreens.DThe researchers proved the harm of modern technol
42、ogy.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But I understand too well the power of miniscreens to transform our kids into zombies (木讷呆板的人)”可知，作者很担心电子设备会让孩子失去活力，故C项正确。10What happened during the crosscountry drive?ATheir son got worse at boredom.BTheir kids had a tough time riding in the vehicle.CTheir son relaxed himself
43、by watching animals outside.DThe time spent without screens strengthened the family bond.D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I often joined the kids in the back.the past legends of them.”可知，作者常和她的孩子们一起坐在后排进行互动，作者的丈夫也给孩子们讲关于大山的传说；据此可推知，此次旅行增强了家庭成员间的关系，故D项正确。11The underlined part “the fastest way” in the last paragraph
44、 refers to_Athe shortest route to finish the journeyBthe ability to observe the surroundingsCthe interest of playing games with othersDthe choice of killing time by playing digital devicesD解析：推理判断题。根据尾段中的“I dont always make the right decision as a parent but I know that by banning the small screen w
45、e made the right choice this time.”可知，作为家长，作者并不总能做出正确的决定，但她知道，这次禁止孩子使用电子设备的选择是正确的；又结合画线部分所在句“I hope the trip gave kids.looking for the_fastest_way to burn it up.”可知，作者希望这次旅行能给孩子们一些闲散的时间去学习一些关于珍视这次旅行的东西，而不是寻找最快的方式去挥霍它；据此可推知，the fastest way指孩子们选择通过玩电子设备来消磨时间，故D项正确。12Which is the best title for the tex
46、t?AIs Driving Long Distances Good for Children?BA Touching Crosscountry Trip of My FamilyCWhats Wrong with Boredom Without High Technology?DCreative Kids out of Parents Reasonable ChoiceC解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段概括了全文的主要内容，又结合第二段中的“But isboredom senseless？”和尾段中的“gave kids some lazy，unstructured time”可知，
47、本文主要讲述了作者和丈夫带着孩子们进行了一次为期32天的野营旅行，其间未让孩子们玩电子设备从而促使孩子们在“无聊”中发掘出自己的乐趣，享受了“闲散的时光”，而且家人之间也更亲近了，故C项最适合作本文的标题。.七选五(2021重庆南开中学二模)Decisionmaking can be extremely difficult. 1._In any approach to a problem and in any negotiations, the Western world turns to the “I to you” approach while Japan, the “you to you
48、” approach. The former means both sides present their arguments openly from their own point of view. Naturally, often comes a confrontation (冲突) situation, which Westerners are very skillful in dealing with. 2._ Thus, the direction of the meeting is a mutual (相互的) attempt to reduce confrontation and
49、 achieve harmony.Besides, Western decisionmaking goes mostly from top management and often does not consult middle management or the worker. 3._ Based on “bottomup direction”， ideas can be created at the lowest levels, travel upward through an organization and have an effect on the final decision.4_
50、 The Japanese business person works to achieve harmony, even if the deal falls through, and will spend whatever time is necessary to determine a “you to you” approach, communicating personal views only indirectly. They put a thorough job above the Western deadline approach. So the Japanese are thoro
51、ugh in their meetings. 5._ Where the American is pressing for a specific decision, the Japanese is trying to think up a rather broad direction.On the other hand, once a given agreement is made, it is the Japanese who sometimes wonder at the slow pace at which Westerners carry out the decision. The J
52、apanese are eager to move forward and Westerns, perhaps, lag behind as they take the time for indepth planning.AIn general, harmony is hard to achieve in most Western companies.BHowever, in Japan great consideration is given to the thoughts and opinions of everyone at all levels.CThats why Americans
53、 are often annoyed by the many meetings in Japanese businesses.DDifference in decisionmaking also comes from different communication styles.EThe latter is based on each side trying to understand the other persons point of view.FDecisionmaking styles are significantly different in different cultures.
54、GBrainstorming plays a significant role in both Western and Eastern decisionmaking.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以西方和日本为例，说明了不同的文化中决策风格的不同。1F解析：根据下文“In any approach to a problem and in any negotiations, the Western world turns to the I to you approach while Japan, the you to you approach.”可知，不同的文化中，决策的风格也不一样。F项“
55、决策风格在不同的文化中有很大的差异。”符合语境，故选F。2E解析：根据上文“The former means both sides present their arguments openly from their own point of view. Naturally, often comes a confrontation (冲突) situation, which Westerners are very skillful in dealing with.”中the former(前者)可对应到E项中the latter(后者)，故E项“后者是基于双方都试图理解对方的观点。”符合语境，故
56、选E。3B解析：根据上下文可知，空前提到西方的决策大多源自高层管理者，空后提到一种重视基层人民的想法和意见的文化，前后是转折关系，B项“然而，在日本，人们很重视各个阶层人民的想法和意见。”符合语境，故选B。4D解析：根据下文“The Japanese business person works to achieve harmony, even if the deal falls through, and will spend whatever time is necessary to determine a you to you approach, communicating personal views only indirectly.”可知，此处是在说明沟通方式对决策差异的影响。D项“决策的差异也来自不同的沟通方式。”符合语境，故选D。5C解析：根据下文“Where the American is pressing for a specific decision, the Japanese is trying to think up a rather broad direction.”可知，日本和美国的沟通方式不同，故本句为说明这两种不同的沟通方式会引起矛盾。C项“这就是为什么美国人经常被日本企业的会议搞得心烦意乱。”符合语境，故选C。