1、Part 单元语法专题(1)动词-ing形式(动名词)作主语、表语和宾语(2)冠词语法精讲.动词的ing形式1动词-ing形式(动名词)作主语动名词(短语)具有名词的基本性质，因此动名词(短语)可以在句子中充当主语。单个动名词(短语)作主语时，句子的谓语动词通常用单数。(1)动名词(短语)在句首直接作主语动名词(短语)作主语常表示经常性或习惯性的动作，通常放在句首。Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.大声朗读对我们学外语来说很重要。(2)it作形式主语，动名词(短语)作真正的主语动名词(短语)作主
2、语的句子有时可以用it作形式主语，动名词(短语)作真正主语。常见结构有：Its a waste of time doing sth.做某事浪费时间。Its useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事是没用的/值得的。Its no use/no good/no need doing sth.做某事是没用的/没好处的/没必要的。It was a waste of time reading that book.读那本书就是在浪费时间。(此句中It为形式主语，真正的主语为reading that book)(3)There is/was no动名词(短语)There was no
3、 knowing what he could do.不知道他能做什么。There is no denying that only if we deal with and overcome large numbers of difficulties in a correct way will we achieve our dreams.不可否认，我们只有用正确的方式处理和克服大量的困难，我们才能实现我们的梦想。即学即练单句语法填空_ (learn) a language requires time and effort.Its a waste of time _ (persuade) such
4、a person to join us._ (save) money now seems impossible.It is worthwhile _ (read) more books.Its useless _ (ask) him any more questions about that because he wont answer.There was no _ (tell) when she would be back.2动词的-ing形式(动名词、现在分词)作表语(1)动名词(短语)作表语动名词(短语)作表语表示一般性、习惯性的动作或抽象的动作，大多数情况下可以与主语互换。Her jo
5、b is cleaning offices.她的工作是打扫办公室。(作表语)Cleaning offices is her job.打扫办公室是她的工作。(作主语)Her hobby is painting.她的业余爱好是画画。My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old.我的第一份工作是在乌基亚图书馆，那时我16岁。(2)现在分词(短语)作表语现在分词(短语)作表语，表示主语具有的特征和属性。His concern for his mother is most touching.他对自己母亲的关爱非
6、常感人。His words are encouraging.他的话很鼓舞人。即学即练单句语法填空What he said is _ (convince), so we can trust him.The news is _ (astonish); we were all _ (astonish) at it.The result of the exam was _ (disappoint)Our duty is _ (serve) the people heart and soul.My favourite sport is _ (swim)The news sounds _ (encoura
7、ge)3动词-ing形式(动名词)作宾语(1)动名词跟在及物动词后作宾语后面接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)汇总：mepscarfid“妹不食咖啡滴”。M：miss, mindE：escape, enjoyP：practise, put offS：suggestC：consider, cant standA: avoid, admit, advise, allow, appreciateR：risk, resistF：finish, forbid, feel likeI：imagine, insist onD：dislike, delay, denyHe managed to esca
8、pe suffering from the disease.他设法成功避免了患上那种疾病。Prof. Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the next chapter.史密斯教授考虑在学生们开始学习下一章之前给他们一份读书清单。The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night.犯罪嫌疑人否认自己那晚开过办公室的电脑。特别注意need，deserve, require后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。Y
9、our car needs filling.你的车该加油了。This city deserves visiting.这座城市值得游览。The problem requires studying carefully.这个问题需要仔细研究。(2)动名词在介词后作宾语about，against，to，from，of，for等介词后可用动名词作宾语。They are against using so many animals in experiments.他们反对用如此多的动物去做实验。Thank you for offering me so much help.谢谢你为我提供了这么多帮助。某些“动词
10、(名词/形容词/副词)介词”后常用动名词作宾语，常见的有：apologise for.(为道歉)，aware of(意识到)，be afraid of(害怕)，engage in(参与)，give up(放弃)，depend on(依靠)，have trouble/difficulty (in)(做某事有困难)，admit to(承认)，be/get/become used to(习惯于)，be equal to(等于；胜任)，devote. to.(把用于)，get down to(开始做)，look forward to(期待)，object to(反对)，stick to(坚持)，see
11、 to(照料；处理)，contribute. to.(把贡献给)，lead to(导致)，pay attention to(注意)等。Im looking forward to your coming next time.我期待着您下一次的到来。He apologised for interrupting us.他因打断了我们的谈话而道歉。知识拓展有些动词既可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但意思上有差别。有些动词接动名词和接动词不定式意思上没什么大的差别。begin to do/doing sth.开始做某事start to do/doing sth.开始做某事like to do/doing sth
12、.喜欢做某事hate to do/doing sth.讨厌做某事prefer to do/doing sth.宁愿做某事continue to do/doing sth.继续做某事take turns to do/doing sth.轮流做某事intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事即学即练(1)单句语法填空As I will be away for at least a year, Id appreciate _ (hear) from you now and then _ (tell) me how everyone is getting along.You should
13、not miss _ (make) up for your missed lessons.You can never imagine what great trouble I had _ (help) the poor boy and the little dog that were seriously hurt.I really appreciate _ (give) the chance to present my opinions on AI at the meeting.Exercise is the key to _ (improve) your health.Dont forget
14、 _ (post) the letter for me when you pass by the post office.I didnt mean _ (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help _ (try) it.I do remember _ (receive) the message, but I cannot find it now. Please send it again if you dont mind.(2)在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式I used to like to go to
15、 our local cinema. It was old and rather uncomfortable, but it had character. Now theyve stopped _ (show) films there. The owner would like to go on _ (run) the cinema, but he would need _ (make) a lot of improvements, which would mean _ (spend) tens of thousands of pounds. I remember _ (watch) the
16、last film at the cinema. It was a murder mystery. It was five minutes from the end, and we were trying _ (work) out who the murderer was when suddenly all the lights went out and the film stopped. We sat in the dark for a few minutes, and then the owner appeared with a torch. “I regret _ (tell) you，
17、” he said, “that our electricity has failed. I dont mean _ (disappoint) you, but Im afraid we cant show you the end of the film. Weve tried _ (phone) the electricity company, but they say they cant help.” He went on _ (explain) to the audience how the film ended. I didnt understand the story. But I
18、dont regret _ (go) to the cinema that evening.冠词用法4冠词分为不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。下面主要讲解它们的典型用法及零冠词的使用情况。(1)不定冠词的用法不定冠词表示类别，泛指某一类人或物，相当于any；也可泛指某人或某物，表示不确定的概念，相当于some或a certain。Its almost impossible to find a horse running on the city road now.现在在城市道路上发现奔跑的马匹几乎是不可能的了。A Smith has just called you.一个叫史密斯的人刚刚给你打电话
19、。不定冠词表示数量“一”的概念，但其数的概念不如one强烈。I want to buy a pair of shoes.我想买双鞋。不定冠词表示“每一”，相当于every或per。She goes to see her parents twice a month.她每个月去看她的父母两次。不定冠词用在序数词前，表示“又一；再一”。He decided to try a seventh time.他决定再尝试第七次。用于首次提到的，双方不知道的人或物前。There is a park on the corner of the street.在这条街的拐角处有一个公园。不定冠词用在of结构中，表示
20、“同一性”，相当于the same。They are of an age.他们同岁。不定冠词用在一些抽象名词前，表示具体的人或事物，即“抽象名词具体化”。常见的词有：surprise，success，failure等。His coming to the party was a real surprise for me.他来参加聚会对我来说真的是个惊喜。不定冠词用在某些固定搭配中。如：a kind of，in a hurry，in a short while, a knowledge of.，have a. life, give sb. a ride。(2)定冠词的用法定冠词最基本的用法是特指上
21、文已经提到的人或事物，或者说话双方都知道的人或事物。此外，还可用在被短语或定语从句修饰的名词前，表示特指。I bought the computer yesterday.我昨天买的这台电脑。Its too cold. Close the window please!太冷了。请把这扇窗户关上！The young man is the student who I taught ten years ago.这个年轻人是我十年前教过的学生。特别注意定冠词the可用在“v.sb.介词(in/on/by/.)the部位”结构中，常常表示谓语动词所及的身体部位或衣物。该句型中定冠词the相当于物主代词，避免
22、语义重复。He hit me on the head.他打了我的头。定冠词可用在单数名词前表示类别。The giant panda in China is loved by people all around the world.(注：这里说的大熊猫指的是大熊猫这一类别)中国大熊猫受到全世界人民的喜爱。定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物。The Pacific is the largest ocean in the world.太平洋是世界上最大的海洋。定冠词可用在序数词、形容词最高级前以及特指“二者之中比较的”。The second girl is the tallest of them a
23、ll.第二个女孩是他们所有人中最高的。用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人；或用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻二人”。We should pay attention to the development of the young.我们应该重视年轻人的成长。The Browns will visit us next week.布朗一家下周要来看望我们。用在表示“演奏某种乐器”时，用在乐器名称前。Tom likes playing the guitar.汤姆喜欢弹吉他。用在表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛及国家和党派等的名词前。如：the Yellow River, the United State
24、s, the Chinese Communist Party。用在某些固定搭配中。如：at the moment，at the same time，in the morning。用于表示具体的地点、方位、时间或某一天的一部分等的名词前。如：in the east/south/west/north, on the right/left。(3)零冠词的用法可数名词复数及不可数名词表示泛指。Monkeys are clever animals.猴子是聪明的动物。Milk goes bad easily in summer.牛奶在夏天很容易变质。在表示星期、月份、季节、节日、学科、三餐、球类和棋类等的
25、名词前。如：on Sunday，in March，in spring，on Childrens Day。但如果具体到某一年的春、夏、秋、冬，则要加定冠词。I was born in the autumn of 1985.我出生于1985年秋。某些名词与by连用表示交通方式时。如：by bus/car/bike/train/air/plane/sea/ship.表示人名或地名的专有名词前一般不用冠词，如Mike，Shanghai等。但由普通名词构成的专有名词前则要加the，如the United States。名词前已有this，that，my等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格时，一般不
26、加冠词。My pen is much more expensive than yours.我的钢笔比你的贵得多。某些固定搭配中。如：day and night, here and there, at home, in surprise, at noon, on foot, at night, on duty, at work, on time, for example, on show，in space, in public。即学即练When Linda was a child, her mother always let her have _ breakfast in bed.Beyond
27、the stars the astronaut saw nothing but _ space.Tom is addicted to playing _ football.After watching TV, she played _ violin for an hour.Many people are still in the habit of writing silly things in _ public places.Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in the international trade to
28、day.The train is running fifty miles _ hour.Do you know _ lady in blue?Yes. She is a teacher of a university.He grabbed me by _ arm and pulled me into the bus.I hope the activity will be _ great success and everyone can learn a lot from it.(2)改正下面句子中的错误A recent report stated that the number of Spani
29、sh in the US would be higher than the number of English speakers by a year 2090._If you go by a train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get a fast one._It is often said that teachers have the very busy life._After dinner he gave Mr Richardson ride to the Capital Airport._A
30、 bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in a leg._I knew the John Lennon, but not the famous one._语法专练.用括号内的适当形式填空1Young people may risk _ (go) deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.2_ (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.3Shortly after su
31、ffering from the effects of a massive earthquake and _ (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.4_ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.5In Hangzhou, borrowing books from the library _ (be) now as simple and convenient as shopping
32、 online: click, pay and wait for delivery.6_ (equip) with global vision (视野) and the spirit of innovation is crucial to Chinas younger generation.7It is agreed that _ (read) widely is one of the most effective ways to enlarge our vocabulary.8I dont think it is no good _ (have) another talk with him
33、over the matter.9_ (she) not coming back made her parents angry and sad.10The _ (president) attending the meeting gave them a big surprise.11Fast food is full of fat and salt; by _ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.12My duties will include _ (introdu
34、ce) British visitors to the pandas at Chengdu.13And when your employees begin _ (add) smiling emojis to their business communication, youll know you have succeeded in _ (improve) your work culture.14What I dislike is _ (stay) up too late.15After _ (look) at the toy for some time, he turned around an
35、d found his parents were missing.16Keep in mind that forgiveness doesnt necessarily mean _ (accept) the actions of the person who upsets you.17The speech you delivered is very interesting and _ (encourage)18I quickly lower myself, ducking (低下头) my head to avoid _ (look) directly into his eyes so he
36、doesnt feel challenged.19All who participated have gained a positive outcome from _ (get) involved.20The teachers explanation of the problem was so _ (confuse) that most of us couldnt understand.用适当的冠词填空1Mr Smith asked you to repeat _ phone number _ second time so that he could set it down.2The youn
37、g may need more sleep than _ old, but usually eight hours is enough for the health of grown-ups.3The frequent terrorism activities in recent years constitute(构成)_ enormous security challenge to all countries.4_ number of these results on why this kind of bird cant fly are extremely interesting.5_ mo
38、st popular Shanxi noodle is daoxiaomian. This noodle is shaved from a giant block of dough(生面团) hoisted over the chefs shoulder.6Girls, who always spend money on clothes, should keep _ eye open for discounts.7I dont remember the first two operations very well, but I do recall _ third.8The X-rays you
39、 get at _ doctors or dentists are not enough to cause cancer.9My parents had moved to England from India during _ 1970s.10When I taught art at _ school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term.单句语法填空A1A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from _ (tap) her on the shou
40、lder.2Bacteria are an _ (annoy) problem for astronauts.3“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？” Bechtel said, _ (look) up from her book.4_ (hand) out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.5Somewhere along the way, the sam
41、e parent ends up _ (become) an invaluable member of the team.6I guess that theres probably some _ (demand) work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping to help for an unknown sport.7Its about two sisters-Eri, a model who either wont or cant stop _ (sleep), and Mari, a young student.8The keyboard
42、 could offer a strong layer of security by _ (analyse) things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses.9_ (learn) English as a second language can be a painful experience.10With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public _ (speak)B1When we got a
43、call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was _ joke.2_ provincial government and its partners offer many programmes to help students find summer jobs.3Of _ nineteen recognised polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.4In one
44、study, Dr Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring _ least liked, _ most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys (调查)5Through the Summer Employment Opportunities programme, students are hired each year in _ variety of summer positions across the Pro
45、vincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.6Whos eligible：Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with _ disability.单句写作(注意灵活使用动词-ing形式)1他的爱好是集邮。_2不知道他的地址，我只好待在家里等着。_3他25岁开始教英语。_4散步是一种老幼皆宜的锻炼形式。_5我永远不会忘记听她唱那首歌时的情景。_6这个男
46、孩每天练习弹钢琴。_7我们经常一起去游泳。_8我后悔没有来早点。_9他花了不少时间做那件事。_10她擅长讲故事。_Part 单元语法专题(1)动词ing形式(动名词)作主语、表语和宾语(2)冠词语法精讲.1LearningpersuadingSavingreadingaskingtelling2convincingastonishingastonisheddisappointingservingswimmingencouraging3(1)hearingtelling句意为：因为我将要外出至少一年，所以我非常感激收到你的来信，信里告诉了我大家过得如何。第一空作appreciate的宾语，用动名
47、词；第二空的动词和第一空是并列的，也用动名词。making句意为：你不应该错过补习功课。短语miss doing sth.意为“错过做某事”，后跟动词ing形式，故填making。helping句意为：你无法想象我在帮助受伤的那个可怜的男孩和小狗时遇到了多么大的麻烦。have trouble (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，故填helping。being given句意为：我非常感谢有机会在会议上提出我对AI的看法。appreciate doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“感激做某事”。此处the chance与give之间为被动关系。improving句意：
48、锻炼是改善你健康的关键。此处考查短语the key to doing sth.，意为“做某事的关键”，to是介词，其后接动名词。to post句意：当你通过邮局时别忘了为我投上这封信。forget to do sth.意为“忘记去做某事”，表示事情未做；forget doing sth.意为“忘记做过某事”，表示事情已发生，根据语境，此处是强调不要忘记，故填不定式。to eattrying句意为：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此美味以至于我忍不住地要尝一尝。考查固定短语mean to do (打算做), cant help doing (忍不住做)。本题需要注意区分mean to do
49、(打算做)与mean doing (意味着做)和cant help to do (不能帮助做)与cant help doing (忍不住做)之间的含义。receiving句意为：我记得我确实收到过这条信息，但现在找不到了，如果你不介意的话，请再发一次。remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事”，根据句意可知，此处应填动名词。注意remember to do sth.和remember doing sth.的区别，前者表示“记得要去做某事”；而后者表示“记得做过某事”。(2)showingrunningto makespendingwatchingto workto tellto
50、 disappointphoningto explaingoing.4(1)不填注意，在表示三餐的名词前如有形容词修饰，则需加冠词，如have a heavy breakfast。不填space作“宇宙；空间”解时，是抽象名词，通常不加冠词。不填表示“玩球”时，球类名词前无冠词。the表示弹奏西洋乐器时，乐器名词前应用定冠词。不填public places是复数名词短语，表示泛指概念，其前面不必用冠词。a虽然knowledge是不可数名词，但有of English修饰，构成固定搭配a knowledge of，故用不定冠词。an注意hour以元音音素开头，不定冠词应用an。the考查the表示
51、特指的用法。根据题意可知是特指“穿蓝色衣服的那位女士”。the本句为“主语动词介词the身体部位”结构。a此处success为抽象名词具体化，指“一件成功的事”。(2)year前的athe此处特指2090年，用the。删除第一个aby train意为“乘火车”，by后直接加交通工具，此处为零冠词的用法。theahave a.life为固定搭配，意为“过一种的生活”。在ride前加agive sb. a ride为固定搭配，意为“让某人搭便车”。leg前的athe谓语动词所及的身体部位前应用定冠词the。第一个thea表示泛指用不定冠词。语法专练.1going2.Knowing3.being r
52、educed4.Ignoring5.is6.Being equipped7.reading8.having9.Her10presidents11.eating12.introducing13.adding/to add; improving14.staying15.looking16.accepting17.encouraging18.looking19.getting20.confusing.1the；a2.the3.an4.A5.The6.an7.the8the9.the10.a.A1tapping2.annoying3.looking4.Handing5becoming6.demandi
53、ng7.sleeping8.analysing9Learning10.speakingB1a2.The3.the4.the; the5.a6.a.1His hobby is collecting stamps.2Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.3He began teaching English at the age of 25.4Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.5I shall never forget hearing her singing that song.6The boy practises playing the piano every day.7We often go swimming together.8I regret not coming earlier.9He spent quite a lot of time doing that.10She is good at telling stories.