1、丰台区20202021学年度第一学期期末练习高三英语笔试考生须知 1. 答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、年级、班级、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的准考证号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。2. 本次考试所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。3. 请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试卷、草稿纸上答题无效。4. 本试卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。第一部分：知识
2、运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Helping PawsCraig Cook has a very special service partnera twenty-five-year-old female capuchin monkey named Minnie. In 2012, when he was thirty years old, Craig was in a car _1_ that left him a quadriplegic, s
3、omeone whose arms and legs dont work properly. For several years, Craig needed help from other people for such basic needs _2_ getting a drink of water. Then Minnie came to Craig through the Helping Hands Organization.Minnie was born at Southwicks Zoo in New York. As part of the special Helping Hand
4、s program, while she was a baby, she was given to a foster (寄养) family _3_ cared for her and helped her learn to live with people. She learned basic _4_ such as turning off lights and fetching on command.Next, Minnie _5_ the Helping Hands Monkey College for two years. At the college, she learned tas
5、ks that would help a(n) _6_ person. These included taking food out of a refrigerator, turning pages in a book one at a time, and picking up objects that had been dropped. It is a long _7_ process, but capuchin monkeys can live to be forty-five years old. So they can be _8_ to provide service for man
6、y years.Craig said, “Living with Minnie is like living with a good friend. And since shes been with me, Minnies learned _9_ more neat things to do, like making popcorn in the microwave (微波炉). Thanks to Minnie, I can live _10_ with caregivers only coming in for a short time each day. And, when I go o
7、ut, instead of being seen as the guy in the wheelchair, Im now the guy with the monkey.”1. A. accidentB. parkC. saleD. race2. A. upB. asC. forD. to3. A. whenB. whyC. whoD. what4. A. ideasB. skillsC. principlesD. rights5. A. returnedB. visitedC. supportedD. attended6. A. elderlyB. poorC. disabledD. l
8、onely7. A. decision-makingB. trainingC. planningD. risk-taking8. A. based onB. turned onC. fed onD. counted on9. A. evenB. onceC. justD. yet10. A. happilyB. energeticallyC. independentlyD. safely【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，25岁雌性卷尾猴Minnie通过相关的训练成为了为残疾人服务的好帮
9、手，帮助Craig Cook生活。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2012年，30岁的Craig遭遇车祸，导致四肢瘫痪，胳膊和腿都不能正常工作。A. accident事故；B. park公园；C. sale销售；D. race赛跑。由本处的“Craig was in a car _1_ that left him a quadriplegic, someone whose arms and legs dont work properly”可知，Craig肯定是遭遇了车祸（car accident），才会四肢瘫痪、残疾了。故选A项。【2题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：几年来，Craig需要别
10、人的帮助来满足诸如喝水之类的基本需求。A. up上面；B. as像一样；C. for为了；D. to向、朝。由上文的“basic needs”和下文的“getting a drink of water”可知，喝水是人类的一种基本需求，所以此处表举例，suchas（例如）。故选B项。【3题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：作为“特别援助之手”计划的一部分，当她还是个婴儿时，她被送到了一个寄养家庭，他们照顾她，帮助她学会与人相处。此处是定语从句，先行词是a foster (寄养) family，指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who。故选C项。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她学会了关灯、随叫随到
11、等基本技能。A. ideas想法；B. skills技巧；C. principles原则；D. rights权力。由上文语境和下文的“turning off lights and fetching on command”可知，Minnie是一只25岁雌性卷尾猴，也是“特别援助之手”计划的一部分，目的是为了帮助人类，而关灯、随叫随到并不是Minnie本身就会的东西，是需要通过学习才能获得的基本技能。故选B项。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来，Minnie在“帮手猴子学院”上了两年学。A. returned回去；B. visited拜访；C. supported支持；D. attende
12、d参加、上学。由下文的“the Helping Hands Monkey College”和“At the college”可知，Minnie去“帮手猴子学院”是上学的。故选D项。【6题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在大学里，她学会了帮助残疾人的任务。A. elderly上了年纪的；B. poor贫穷的；C. disabled残疾的；D. lonely孤独的。由上文的“Then Minnie came to Craig through the Helping Hands Organization.”和下文语境可知，Minnie通过“援助之手组织”来找Craig帮助他生活，而Craig是一位残
13、疾人，说明Minnie在学校里学的是为了帮助残疾人的任务。故选C项。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个漫长的训练过程，但卷尾猴可以活到45岁。A. decision-making决策；B. training训练；C. planning计划制订；D. risk-taking冒险。由上文的“Minnie _5_ the Helping Hands Monkey College for two years”和“At the college, she learned tasks that would help a(n) _6_ person.”可知，Minnie花了两年时间在学校里学帮助残疾
14、人的任务/技能，这是一种训练。故选B项。【8题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，他们可以指望提供多年的服务。A. based on基于；B. turned on打开；C. fed on以为食；D. counted on指望。由上文的“capuchin monkeys can live to be forty-five years old”可知，卷尾猴可以活到45岁，寿命很长，不会那么快死去，所以可以指望它们提供多年的服务。故选D项。【9题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：自从和我在一起以后，Minnie甚至学会了更有条理的事情，比如用微波炉做爆米花。A. even甚至；B. once曾经C. j
15、ust正好；D. yet还。由上文的“turning off lights and fetching on command”，“taking food out of a refrigerator, turning pages in a book one at a time, and picking up objects that had been dropped”和下文的“making popcorn in the microwave”可知，Minnie还未到Craig身边前，只会关灯、随叫随到、从冰箱里拿出食物、翻书及捡起掉下来的东西等这些基本技能，而到Craig身边后，Minnie学会了如
16、用微波炉做爆米花此类更有条理的事情，技能从以前的不会/少到会/多，这是一种递进关系，强调Minnie的又一技能。故选A项。【10题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：多亏了Minnie，我可以独立生活，护理人员每天只来很短时间。A. happily快乐地；B. energetically积极地；C. independently独立地；D. safely安全地。由下文的“with caregivers only coming in for a short time each day”可知，护理人员每天只来很短时间，说明作者不需要护理人员的过多照顾，可以独立生活了。故选C项。第二节 语法填空（共10小题
17、；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。The British must have really high standards. I was part of a student exchange programme between a university in England and my university in China. I had spent days in _11_ (prepare) for my first English paper. I knew I did
18、 a good job and was looking forward _12_ getting a positive comment. When I got the paper back, I found that my teacher _13_ (write) the comment “Not bad!” Not bad? But there werent any _14_ (mistake) in my paper.【答案】11. preparing 12. to 13. had written 14. mistakes【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过自己在英国一所大学的学习经历讲述了英
19、国人有很高的标准。【11题详解】考查动名词。句意：我花了几天时间准备我的第一篇英语论文。固定搭配spend(in) doing sth.（花干某事），用动名词（doing）形式作宾语。故填preparing。【12题详解】考查介词。句意：我知道我做得很好，并期待着得到积极的评价。固定搭配look forward to doing sth.（期待干某事），用介词to。故填to。【13题详解】考查时态。句意：当我把试卷拿回来时，我发现我的老师写了一句话：“不错”。此处为宾语从句谓语，主句谓语found是一般过去时，从句谓语动词write发生在主句谓语found之前，即“过去的过去”，时态用过去完成
20、时（had done）。故填had written。【14题详解】考查名词的数。句意：但我的论文没有任何错误。mistake是可数名词，此处作句子主语，由were可知用其复数形式。故填mistakes。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。The college entrance examination is just around the corner. Homework and tests will keep many of you up late at night, and you may plan
21、to make up for your lost sleep during the weekends. _15_ is it useful? A study published in the journal Current Biology completely has changed _16_ people used to think. It shows that the habit of sleeping in on weekends doesnt fix the damage done by a lack of sleep during the week. Even _17_ (bad),
22、 it may damage your health.【答案】15. But/ Yet 16. what 17. worse【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章一项研究表明，周末睡懒觉的习惯并不能弥补一周睡眠不足造成的损害。【15题详解】考查连词。句意：但它有用吗？上文讲“学生考前熬夜，会计划在周末弥补之前睡眠不足”，此处表示质疑，表转折，用but/yet（但是/然而），首字母大写。故填But/ Yet。【16题详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：发表在当代生物学杂志上的一项研究彻底改变了人们过去的想法。动词change后接宾语从句，缺乏引导词，从句中动词think缺乏宾语，指“什么”，用连接代词what
23、。故填what。【17题详解】考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，它可能会损害你的健康。even +形容词比较级，构成固定搭配even worse（更糟的是）。故填worse。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。The International Day of Families, which _18_ (name) by the United Nations in 1993, is held on May 15th every year. The day celebrates the _19_ (importa
24、nt) of families. It aims _20_ (develop) peoples understanding of issues that are related to families. With a different theme each year, the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organized at local, national and international levels.【答案】18. was named 19. importance 20. to develop【解析】这是
25、一篇说明文。主要介绍了国际家庭日于1993年由联合国确定，每年的5月15日为国际家庭日。这一天庆祝家庭的重要性。它的目的是促进人们对与家庭有关的问题的理解。每年这一天都有不同的主题，在地方、国家和国际各级组织各种各样的活动来纪念这一天。【18题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：国际家庭日于1993年由联合国确定，每年的5月15日为国际家庭日。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词The International Day of Families，先行词在从句中作主语，根据后文in 1993可知用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语动词与先行词保持一致，用单数。故填was
26、 named。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：这一天庆祝家庭的重要性。空处作宾语，表示“重要性”应用名词importance，表抽象概念，不可数。故填importance。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它的目的是促进人们对与家庭有关的问题的理解。结合句意表示“目的是”短语为aim to do sth.。故填to develop。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节 阅读理解（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADont you think robots are a part of your li
27、fe? In factories, robots put together everything from toys to cars. Some homes have robots that sweep floors or mow the lawn(剪草坪). And more robots are soon to come.Like a HumanRobots dont expect any thanks for all the work they do for us. After all, they dont have feelings. But that may be changing
28、with Nexi, a robot created by scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Nexi can move its face to show anger, happiness, or sadness. It can also raise its eyebrows to show surprise.24How would you like a robot to help clean up your toys, or one that plays hide-and-seek with you? Nao c
29、an be programmed to do both those activities, and more. A two- foot-tall robot, Nao was designed by a company in France to be a helper and companion. It can talk, walk and even remember faces, voices, and places. Also, it can be programmed to assist with daily tasks, such as checking e-mails.Robots
30、at WorkNeed a lift out of bed? RIBA, short for “Robot for Interactive Body Assistance”, will lend its helpful arms! Some patients at hospitals and nursing homes have a hard time getting in and out of bed. RIBA can gently lift a patient out of bed and help him or her into a wheelchair. The robot can
31、safely pick up and carry people weighing 135 pounds.Water BotsRobots that work in waterand look like familiar sea creaturesare making news lately. One of them is a robotic fish. Researchers built the robo-fish to swim in water to detect pollution. Theres even a robotic penguin called the AP, which u
32、ses flippers(鱼鳍) to paddle and can move in all directions.Experts predict that by 2025 we could have robots in every household! You might be living or working with one of them every day!21. By moving its face, Nexi might show its _.A. feelingsB. powerC. interestD. opinions22. If a patient needs assi
33、stance out of bed, which may be a good helper?A. Nexi.B. AP.C. Nao.D. RIBA.23. According to the passage, a robotic fish might be used for _.A. discovering fishB. picking up rubbishC. studying sea creaturesD. finding out pollution24 Which subtitle can be filled in the blank?A. Household HelpersB. Pro
34、gramme DesignersC. Hotel CleanersD. Game Players【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D 24. A【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几款可以应用到日常生活中的机器人。21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Like a Human部分的“Nexi can move its face to show anger, happiness, or sadness.”（Nexi可以移动它的脸来表示愤怒、快乐或悲伤。）可知，通过移动它的脸，Nexi可以表达它的感情。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Robots at Work部分的“RIBA can
35、 gently lift a patient out of bed and help him or her into a wheelchair. ”（RIBA可以轻轻地把病人从床上抬起来，帮助他或她坐到轮椅上。）可知，如果病人需要下床的帮助，RIBA可能是一个好帮手。故选D。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据Water Bots部分的“Researchers built the robo-fish to swim in water to detect pollution.”（研究人员制造了这种机器鱼，可以在水中游泳来检测污染。）可知，机器鱼可以用来发现污染。故选D。【24题详解】主旨大意题。根据文
36、章表格第二栏“How would you like a robot to help clean up your toys, or one that plays hide-and-seek with you?”（你想让一个机器人帮你清理玩具，或者和你玩捉迷藏的机器人吗?）可推知，这部分介绍的机器人跟家庭事物有关。A项：Household Helpers（家庭助手）符合题意。故选A。BThe Party of Their LivesIn Los Angeless infamous Skid Row, there are hundreds of children living on the stre
37、ets or in shelters. Its a place where dreams go to die. But one couple is determined to use their own experience with loss to foster a sense of hope.In 2013, Mary Davis and her husband lost their first unborn kid. Refusing to let the heartbreak break them, they became volunteers in a Skid Row homele
38、ss shelter. They found that many of the kids there had never had a single birthday party before, so they decided to throw a birthday party for those homeless kids. They took over a room in the Union Rescue Mission and filled it with streamers, gifts and a cake. The kids were so excited that they mad
39、e their own music singing and clapping and, of course, laughing.Since then, the couple have thrown a party each and every month. They routinely attract 250 kids and their parents. An hour before each party, volunteers arrive to set up the decorations and activities: face painting, balloon artists, a
40、 DJ, cake, and pizza. There are small presents for the kids celebrating their birthdays, but the Davis make sure there are more than enough to go around.“I remember a mom came with her kid,” Mary says. “It was their first night at the shelter, and her child had a birthday. We had an extra gift for h
41、er pink headphones. The little girl was so excited. And her mom. shes crying. I never imagined we would ever need to be in a shelter. I didnt know what to expect. But I really didnt expect a birthday party for my child. she cried with happiness.”Doing her best to normalize these kids lives is both h
42、eartwarming and bittersweet, Mary says. “If you look outside, you see homeless person after homeless person on the street, and it reminds you that these kids dont get to leave this area after the party.”It may be why, after throwing 88 parties, she still cries after each one. She credits the kids in
43、 the shelter with helping her hold on to hope. “We didnt realize how much joy they were going to bring us,” she told CBS News. “And it was so healing for both kids and us.”25. In Skid Row, hundreds of kids _.A. were homelessB. lost their parentsC. dropped out of schoolD. were crazy about parties26.
44、How did the couple help the kids?A. They raised much money.B. They rented many houses.C. They hosted birthday parties.D. They made birthday presents.27. According to the passage, which can best describe Mary?A. Honest and generous.B. Caring and generous.C. Outgoing and caring.D. Outgoing and honest.
45、28. What does the story intend to tell us?A. Well begun, half done.B. East or west, home is best.C. What goes around comes around.D. Where there is love, there is hope.【答案】25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了一对夫妻在失去自己的孩子后，决定把对自己孩子的爱转移到帮助其他无家可归的孩子身上。通过他们的行为，尽量让这些孩子们感受到爱和希望。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“
46、In Los Angeless infamous Skid Row, there are hundreds of children living on the streets or in shelters.”可知，在洛杉矶臭名昭著的贫民窟，有数百名儿童流落街头或住在收容所。由此可知，在贫民窟，成百上千的孩子无家可归。故选A项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They found that many of the kids there had never had a single birthday party before, so they decided to throw a bir
47、thday party for those homeless kids.”可知，他们发现那里的许多孩子以前从来没有过一个生日派对，所以他们决定为那些无家可归的孩子们举办一个生日派对。由此可知，这对夫妻决定通过举办生日派对的方式来帮助这些孩子们。故选C项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Doing her best to normalize these kids lives is both heartwarming and bittersweet, Mary says. (玛丽说，尽她所能让这些孩子的生活正常化，既温暖又苦乐参半)”和最后一段“It may be why, after
48、throwing 88 parties, she still cries after each one. (这也许就是为什么在举办了88场派对之后，她每次都要哭)”可知，Mary是一个乐于助人且慷慨的人。故选B项。【28题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“In Los Angeless infamous Skid Row, there are hundreds of children living on the streets or in shelters. Its a place where dreams go to die. But one couple is determined to
49、use their own experience with loss to foster a sense of hope.(在洛杉矶臭名昭著的贫民窟，有数百名儿童流落街头或住在收容所。这是一个梦想破灭的地方。但有一对夫妇决心用他们自己的经历来培养希望)”以及后文这对夫妇的做法介绍可知，这对夫妇通过他们的行为，尽量让这些孩子们感受到爱和希望。由此可知，这个故事意在告诉我们“哪里有爱，哪里就有希望”。故选D项。CWildfires have recently ruined regions across the world, and their severity is increasing. Hop
50、ing to reduce harm, researchers led by Yapei Wang, a chemist at Renmin University of China, say they have developed an inexpensive device to detect such fires earlier and with less effort.Current detection methods rely heavily on human watchfulness, which can delay an effective response. Most wildfi
51、res are reported by the general public, and other warnings come from routine foot patrols (巡逻队) and watchtower observers. Passing planes and satellites also occasionally spot something, but “the fire first appears on the ground,” Wang says. “When you see the fire from the sky, it is too late.”The te
52、am says its new device can be placed near tree trunks bases and send a wireless signal to a nearby receiver if there is an unusual temperature increase. The key is molten salts (熔盐) liquids: a sudden temperature change causes electrons (电子) to travel within the liquids, creating electrical energy th
53、at causes electrodes to send the signal. The team printed the substances onto ordinary paper to create a sensor.Jessica McCarty, a geographer at Miami University, who was not involved in the study, says places where wildland and city meet could potentially benefit from such a device. She says, “When
54、 a fire breaks out, the homeowner will know before the fire agency may have detected it.”But improving integration among the different agencies involved in firefighting is even more vital to address, says Graham Kent, a seismologist at the University of Nevada, who was also not part of the study. “T
55、he whole way that you respond to a fire until its put out is like a ballet,” he says. “Youd have to choreograph (编舞) it just so,” with resources distributed at precisely the right time and place from detection to confirmation to dispatch (派遣) to extinguishing. “Fire detection is just step one; if yo
56、u blow steps two through 98, all that technology. just doesnt matter.”Wang says his teams next steps are to extend the devices signal range beyond the current 100 meters, which can limit practical use, and to develop a protective wall for it. The devices effectiveness, McCarty notes, will also need
57、to be tested in the field.29. What can we learn about the new device?A. It can spot fire from the sky.B. It can send timely warning of fire.C. It uses molten salts to test the signal.D. It receives signals from tree trunks bases.30. According to Graham Kent, what is the key to firefighting?A. The ti
58、me for detection.B. The provided new technology.C. Precisely distributed resources.D. Cooperation of different departments.31. What would be the best title for the passage?A. Fighting Fire with PaperB. Fire Is under ControlC. Fighting Fire in the ForestD. Firefighting Is a Matter of Urgency【答案】29. B
59、 30. D 31. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种新的设备，这个新设备能及时发出火灾警报。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Hoping to reduce harm, researchers led by Yapei Wang, a chemist at Renmin University of China, say they have developed an inexpensive device to detect such fires earlier and with less effort.”（中国人民大学化学家王亚培领导的研究人员表示，为了减少火灾的危害，他们
60、开发了一种廉价的设备，可以更早、更省力地探测到此类火灾。）和第三段关键句“The team says its new device can be placed near tree trunks bases and send a wireless signal to a nearby receiver if there is an unusual temperature increase.” （研究小组说，他们的新设备可以放在树干底部附近，如果气温异常升高，会向附近的接收器发送无线信号。）可知，这个新设备可以更早、更省力地探测到火灾，并向接收器发送无线信号。由此可知，这个新设备能及时发出火灾警报
61、。故选B项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“But improving integration among the different agencies involved in firefighting is even more vital to address, says Graham Kent, a seismologist at the University of Nevada, who was also not part of the study.”（没有参与这项研究的内华达大学的地震学家Graham Kent说，但改善参与灭火工作的不同机构之间的合作更为重要。）可知，
62、Graham Kent认为对于灭火工作，不同部门之间的合作更为重要，由此可知，根据Graham Kent的说法，救火的关键是不同部门的合作。故选D项。【31题详解】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一种新设备，能及时发出火灾警报。根据第三段关键句“The key is molten salts (熔盐) liquids: a sudden temperature change causes electrons (电子) to travel within the liquids, creating electrical energy that causes electrodes to send the
63、signal. The team printed the substances onto ordinary paper to create a sensor.”（关键是熔盐液体：温度的突然变化使电子在液体中运动，产生电能，使电极发出信号。研究小组将这些物质印在普通的纸上，制成传感器。）可知，这种设备中传感器的制作用到的是普通的纸，“Fighting Fire with Paper”意为“用纸救火”，能够概括文章内容及这种新设备的特点。故选A项。DHumans have a habit of delaying their own progress. From coffee to refriger
64、ator to genetically changed food, history is filled with innovations that caused resistance before they become necessity in everyday life. Calestous Juma, a professor of Harvard University, explores this phenomenon in his latest book, Innovation and Its Enemies: Why People Resist New Technologies.Am
65、ong Jumas claims is that people do not fear innovation simply because the technology is new, but because innovation often means losing a piece of their identity or lifestyle, and separating people from nature or their sense of purpose.Juma identified in his research three key sources of opposition t
66、o innovation: those with commercial interests in existing products, those who identify with existing products, and those who might lose power as a result of change. The first group is perhaps the most obvious. Many industries have been affected by innovation. Just take a look at the pointless effort
67、s of music publishers to stop the change to digital music. Some consumers might oppose an innovation because the existing product is deeply rooted in their identity, culture or customs. The British preferred tea time at home to sitting in a coffee shop, for example. Finally, the rise of new technolo
68、gies can also result in a change redistributing wealth and influence away from some groups, and toward others. The expansion of harvesters and other mechanical equipment reduced the need for farm labor, and the change in population away from rural areas had significant political consequence.Humans m
69、ake decisions about new innovations with their instinct rather than evidence. Opponents and enthusiasts of a new technology will often make shocking claims to support their arguments. Juma said beneath those arguments was typically obvious concern of new technologies, rather than a reasoned response
70、. Juma said, “People see a new product and there is an emotional reaction to that product because it challenges their outlook on the world. This has been the story with almost every new product.”Historically, technologists have been more concerned with the functionality of the products they create,
71、paying less attention to the consequence it may have on society at large, Juma claims. Fortunately, that may be starting to change.32. According to Para. 2 and 3, what is the key reason why people resist innovation?A The reliability of the existing technologies.B. The difficulties of mastering new t
72、echnologies.C. The concern over the development of technologies.D. The fear for the changes caused by new technologies.33. What is the authors attitude to peoples opposition to innovation?A. Uncertain.B. Disapproving.C. Supportive.D. Neutral.34. What does the passage imply?A. Technologies effect on
73、society should be valued.B. The use of new products reduces the need for labor.C. Enthusiasts of the technologies are more reasonable.D. The functionality of new products causes more worries.【答案】32. D 33. B 34. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。人类总是习惯于抵制创新，哈佛大学教授Calestous Juma在他的新书创新及其敌人：人们为什么抵制新技术中探讨了这一现象，文章介绍了Juma在书中的
74、一些关于人们抵制创新原因的分析，Juma表示，在这些争论的背后，通常是对新技术的担忧，而不是理性的回应。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Among Jumas claims is that people do not fear innovation simply because the technology is new, but because innovation often means losing a piece of their identity or lifestyle, and separating people from nature or their sense of
75、purpose.( Juma主张之一是，人们并不仅仅因为技术是新的而害怕创新，而是因为创新往往意味着失去他们的一部分身份或生活方式，使人与自然或目标感分离)”以及第三段中“Juma identified in his research three key sources of opposition to innovation: those with commercial interests in existing products, those who identify with existing products, and those who might lose power as a re
76、sult of change.(Juma在他的研究中确定了反对创新的三个主要原因：那些在现有产品中拥有商业利益的人，那些认同现有产品的人，以及那些可能因变革而失去权力的人)”可知，人们抵制创新的关键原因是对新技术带来的变化的担忧。故选D。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Humans have a habit of delaying their own progress. From coffee to refrigerator to genetically changed food, history is filled with innovations that caused resis
77、tance before they become necessity in everyday life.( 人类有拖延自己进步的习惯。从咖啡到冰箱再到转基因食品，历史上充满了创新，它们在成为日常生活的必需品之前引起了阻力)”以及倒数第二段中“Humans make decisions about new innovations with their instinct rather than evidence.(人类对新发明的决策是凭本能而不是凭证据)”可推知，作者对人们反对创新持不赞成态度。故选B。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Historically, technologists
78、 have been more concerned with the functionality of the products they create, paying less attention to the consequence it may have on society at large, Juma claims.( Juma声称，从历史上看，技术人员更关注他们创造的产品的功能，而不太关注它可能对整个社会造成的后果)”可推知，这篇文章暗示了应该重视技术对社会的影响。故选A。第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中
79、有两项为多余选项。What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviors that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? Briefly, the longer it takes you to recover, the more influence that incident has on your actions, and the less able you are to perform to your personal b
80、est. _35_You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system (呼吸系统) recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you retu
81、rn to calm, the healthier you will be._36_ They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with thegame, the better their performance.Similarly, imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. _37_ You have been given a script and at the end of each sen
82、tence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one. Although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.So, it is unnecessary to live your life in the past. _38_ Thoughts of t
83、he past shouldnt be allowed to reduce your personal best. Being present is a gateway to recover quickly._39_ Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. When you are lying in bed, you shouldnt blame yourself for having done this wrong or not having
84、done that better, but look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. In this way, you are taking control of your life and achieve the aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.A. Youre undertaking real changes here.B. Remember: Rome wasnt built in a day.C. Her
85、e are some cases where you can learn about it.D. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability.E. Instead of the past, it is the present that you have to focus on.F. The best example of this behavior is found with professional sportspeople.G. Its said that the average time for sportspeop
86、le to win the game is 30 minutes.【答案】35. C 36. F 37. D 38. E 39. B【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了什么是恢复速度、恢复速度快的好处是什么以及如何提高恢复速度。【35题详解】根据上文“What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviors that upset you? (你的恢复率是多少？你需要多长时间才能从令你不安的行为和表现中恢复过来？)”可知，本文讨论的是你需要多长时间才能从令你不安的行为和表现中
87、恢复过来的问题。根据下文“Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to calm, the healthier you will be. (同样地，你越快放下让你烦恼的事情，你就越快恢复平静，你就会越健康。)”可知，下文是对什么是恢复速度的问题的具体解释。C项意为“下面是一些你可以从中了解它的情况。”选项中的it代指上文提到的recovery rate，且能够引起下文对恢复速度问题的具体解释。故选C。【36题详解】根据下文“They know that the faste
88、r they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and get on with the game, the better their performance. (他们知道，越快忘记一件事或一个错过的机会，然后继续比赛，他们的表现就越好。)”可知，本段是以运动员为例，解释恢复速度的问题。F项意为“这种行为最好的例子可以在职业运动员身上体现。”选项中的sportspeople和下文的get on with the game相呼应，能够引起下文，说明了对于运动员来说，恢复速度越快，在赛场上的表现越好。故选F。【37题详解】根据上文“Simila
89、rly, imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. (相似地，想象你自己是舞台上表演戏剧的演员。)”可知，本段是以演员为例，解释恢复速度的问题。D项意为“你的目标是尽你所能扮演好你的角色。”选项中的play your part和上文的an actor in a play相呼应，能够承接上文，说明了对于演员来说，演好自己的角色和说好每一句台词是重要的，而不要一直纠结于自己之前表演的好坏。故选D。【38题详解】根据上文“So, it is unnecessary to live your life in the past. (所
90、以，没有必要活在过去。)”可知，本段讲述的是我们不应该活在过去。E项意为“你必须关注的是现在，而不是过去。”选项中的the present和上文的the past形成对照关系，告诉我们应该关注现在的生活，而不是一直纠结于过去的问题。故选E。【39题详解】根据下文“Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. (每天反思你的恢复速度。每天睡觉前，看看自己的进步。)”可知，本段讲述的是加快我们的恢复速度是需要每天努力的。B项意为“记住：罗马不是一天建成的。
91、”选项中的“罗马不是一天建成的”和下文内容相呼应，告诉我们恢复速度是需要一点点提高的。故选B。第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分， 共12分）。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Balancing Trees and CO2Tree planting used to be regarded as an effective means of reducing climate change. Perhaps its time for us to rethink this practice. Trees pull CO2 fro
92、m the air. This effectively removes CO2 from the atmosphere. But trees only hold onto CO2 as long as theyre alive. Once they die, trees decay (腐烂) and release that CO2 back into the atmosphere.Recent studies have found that trees around the world are growing faster than ever. The rise of CO2, mainly
93、 due to burning fossil fuels, is probably driving that rapid growth, said Roel Brienen, a forest ecologist at the University of Leeds, UK. High levels of CO2 are increasing temperatures, which in turn speeds tree growth in those areas, he added.The faster trees grow, the faster they store carbon. It
94、 seems like good news. However, it is known that fast-growing tree species, in general, live shorter lives than their slow-growing relatives.In order to see whether the growth-lifespan trade-off (生长与寿命之间的权衡) is a universal phenomenon, Brienen and his colleagues analyzed over 210,000 individual tree
95、ring records of 110 tree species from more than 79,000 sites worldwide. They found that, in almost all habitats and all sites, faster-growing tree species died younger than slow-growing species, and even within a species, the trade-off between growth and lifespan held strong.The team also created a
96、computer program that modeled a forest and tweaked (微量调整) the growth of the trees in this model. Early on, it showed that “the forest could hold more carbon as the trees grew faster”, Brienen reported. But after 20 years, these trees started dying and losing this extra carbon again. “We must underst
97、and that the only solution to bringing down CO2 levels is to stop emitting (排放) it into the atmosphere,” said Brienen.40. What does “this practice” in Para.1 refer to?41. Why are trees around the world growing faster than ever?42. Read the following statement, underline the false part of it and expl
98、ain the reason. The team has found that the faster trees grow, the faster they store CO2, and the longer lives they live.43. Please briefly present what you can do in daily life to reduce the emission of CO2 . (about 40 words)【答案】40. Planting trees to reduce climate change. /Tree planting is used to
99、 reduce climate change. /Using tree planting to reduce climate change. 41. Because of the rise of CO2 from burning fossil fuels. /Because of the rise of CO2. /Because burning fossil fuels leads to the rise of CO2. 42. The team has found that the faster trees grow, the faster they store CO2, and the
100、longer lives they live.Because Berienen and his team found that faster-growing tree species died younger than slow-growing species. /According to Berienen and his teams research, faster-growing tree species died younger than slow-growing species. /Because fast-growing tree species died younger than
101、slow-growing species. 43. Firstly, Ill take a reusable cloth bag and say no to plastic bags while shopping, for it can save energy and reduce pollution. Secondly, when I go somewhere, Ill choose public transportation instead of private cars to reduce the emission of CO2.【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了针对全球气候变暖，树已经
102、不能作为可靠解决方法。目前最有效的方法是节能减排，降低二氧化碳的排放。【40题详解】考查词义猜测。由第一段中的“Tree planting used to be regarded as an effective means of reducing climate change. Perhaps its time for us to rethink this practice.”（植树曾被认为是减少气候变化的有效手段。也许是时候让我们重新思考这种做法了。），可知以前可以通过植树来减少气候变化，this practice在此处意为“植树来减少气候变化”。故答案为“Planting trees to
103、 reduce climate change. /Tree planting is used to reduce climate change. /Using tree planting to reduce climate change.”。【41题详解】考查细节理解。由第二段中的“The rise of CO2 , mainly due to burning fossil fuels, is probably driving that rapid growth, said Roel Brienen, a forest ecologist at the University of Leeds,
104、 UK. High levels of CO2 are increasing temperatures, which in turn speeds tree growth in those areas, he added.”（英国利兹大学的森林生态学家Roel Brienen说，二氧化碳的增加，主要是由于化石燃料的燃烧，可能推动了这种快速增长。他补充说，高浓度的二氧化碳导致气温升高，进而加速了这些地区树木的生长。），可知是因为燃烧化石燃料产生的二氧化碳的增加，才使世界各地的树木生长得比以往任何时候都快。故答案为“Because of the rise of CO2 from burning f
105、ossil fuels. /Because of the rise of CO2. /Because burning fossil fuels leads to the rise of CO2.”。【42题详解】考查细节理解。“The team has found that the faster trees grow, the faster they store CO2 , and the longer lives they live.”（研究小组发现，树木生长越快，储存二氧化碳的速度就越快，寿命也就越长。）。由第四段中的“They found that, in almost all habi
106、tats and all sites, faster-growing tree species died younger than slow-growing species, and even within a species, the trade-off between growth and lifespan held strong.”（他们发现，在几乎所有的栖息地和所有的地点，生长较快的树种比生长较慢的树种死得早，甚至在一个物种内，生长和寿命之间的权衡也很重要。），可知Berienen和他的团队发现生长较快的树种比生长较慢的树种死得早，说明生长较快的树种寿命短，因此“the longer
107、lives they live”（寿命也就越长）错了。故答案为“The team has found that the faster trees grow, the faster they store CO2, and the longer lives they live.Because Berienen and his team found that faster-growing tree species died younger than slow-growing species. /According to Berienen and his teams research, faster-
108、growing tree species died younger than slow-growing species. /Because fast-growing tree species died younger than slow-growing species.”。【43题详解】考查开放答题。考生可根据文章大意和自身经历，思考在日常生活中可以做些什么来减少二氧化碳的排放，例如用布袋购物或乘坐公共交通工具来节约能源，减少二氧化碳的排放，在规定字数内言之有理即可。故答案为“Firstly, Ill take a reusable cloth bag and say no to plasti
109、c bags while shopping, for it can save energy and reduce pollution. Secondly, when I go somewhere, Ill choose public transportation instead of private cars to reduce the emission of CO2.”。第二节 应用文写作（共20分）44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校下个月将要举办“图书漂流”（BookCrossing）活动将自己喜欢的图书放在学校任意公共场所，感兴趣的同学读完后将书放回原处，让其继续漂流。请你给
110、交换生Chris写一封邮件，邀请他参加此次活动，内容包括：1. 活动意义；2. 具体安排；3. 发出邀请。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 适当增减细节，使文章连贯；3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Chris，_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Chris,I cant wait to share a piece of good news with you. Since youre an enthusiast about reading, I believe you will be of great interest in this meaningful activit
111、y named BookCrossing.BookCrossing is the practice of leaving a book in a public place to be picked up and read by others, who then do likewise. For one thing, the BookCrossing can motivate us to further develop our reading habits and help to broaden our horizons. For another, it provides a good chan
112、ce to make friends with like-minded people.Our BookCrossing starts this Monday and will last for a week. When the time comes, youll be surprised to find terrific books at any places on campus. Of course, if you are in, you are supposed to share several books that are valuable and beneficial. To help
113、 others get a general knowledge of your book, your thoughtful introduction and helpful comments are warmly welcomed.What are you waiting for? Im looking forward to your participation and you are bound to love it.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给交换生Chris写一封邮件，邀请他参加你们学校下个月将要举办的“图书漂流”（BookCrossing）
114、活动。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时，少量现在进行时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1. 介绍活动意义；2. 介绍具体安排;3. 发出活动邀请。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）cant wait to do sth.; share sth. with sb.; pick up; broaden ones horizons; be surprised to do sth.; be supposed to do sth.; look forward to; be bound to do sth.
115、第三步：连词成句1. Since youre an enthusiast about reading, I believe you will be of great interest in this meaningful activity named BookCrossing.2. BookCrossing is the practice of leaving a book in a public place to be picked up and read by others, who then do likewise.3. Our BookCrossing starts this Mond
116、ay and will last for a week.4. Of course, if you are in, you are supposed to share several books that are valuable and beneficial.5. Im looking forward to your participation and you are bound to love it.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表并列补充关系：and2.表因果关系：since连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】高分句型1. BookCrossing is the practice of leaving a book in a public place to be picked up and read by others, who then do likewise. （由关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句）高分句型2. When the time comes, youll be surprised to find terrific books at any places on campus. （由when引导的时间状语从句）