1、高中英语阅读理解专题训练（广东专版 每篇5小题）（第5套）第一节：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A（words:323&235）Everywhere man is altering the balance of natureHe is facilitating the spread of plants and animals into new regions, sometimes deliberately, sometimes unconsciouslyHe is covering huge a
2、reas with new kinds of plants, or with houses, factories, slag-heaps and other products of his civilizationHe exterminates some species on a large scale, but favors the multiplication of othersIn brief, he has done more in five thousand years to alter the biological aspect of the planet than has nat
3、ure in five millionMany of these changes which he has brought about have had unforeseen consequencesWho would have thought that the throwing away of a piece of Canadian waterweed would have caused half the waterways of Britain to be blocked for a decade, or that the provision of pot cacti for lonely
4、 settlers wives would have led to Eastern Australian being overrun with forests of Prickly Pear? Who would have prophesied that the cutting down of forests on the Adriatic coasts, or in parts of Central Africa, could have reduced the land to a semi desert, with the very soil washed away from the bar
5、e rock? Who would have thought that improved communications would have changed history by the spreading of disease-sleeping sickness into East Africa, measles into Oceania, very possibly malaria into ancient Greece?These are spectacular examples; but examples on a smaller scale are everywhere to be
6、foundWe make a nature sanctuary for rare birds, prescribing absolute security for all species; and we may find that some common and hardy kind of bird multiplies beyond measure and ousts the rare kinds in which we were particularly interestedWe see, owing to some little change brought about by civil
7、ization, the starling spread over the English country-side in hordesWe improve the yielding capacities of our cattle; and find that now they exhaust the pastures which sufficed for less exigent stock41The following examples except _ reflect man altering the balance of natureAman is covering huge are
8、as with new kinds of plantsBman is facilitating the spread of animals into new regionsCman is killing some species on a large scaleDman is getting to know the importance of keeping the balance of nature42What had a piece of Canadian waterweed cause? AEastern Australian was overrun with forestsBHalf
9、the waterways of Britain blocked for a decadeCIn parts of central Africa, the land reduced to a semi desertDDisease-sleeping has been caused43What have spread diseases? ADisease-sleeping sickness BMeaslesCImproved communications DMalaria44We make a nature sanctuary for rare birds but _.Asome common
10、and hardy kind of bird multiplies Brare kinds multiplyCall bird multiply Dno bird multiply45The main idea of the passage is _Athat man is deliberately destroying the balance of natureBthat man has foreseen the consequences of altering the balance old natureCthat improved communications have changed
11、historyDthat man is altering the balance of nature【答案与解析】 4145 DBCAD本篇文章主要讲的是人类正改变着自然界的平衡。41D。细节理解题。根据文章第一段，A、B、C都是三项人类改变生态平衡事例，D项叙述的是事实，但不属于人类改变生态平衡事例。42B。推理判断题。第二自然段第二句给出答案：43C。细节理解题。第二自然段后半部分给出此答案。44A。细节理解题。第三自然段头两句给出此答案。45D。主旨大意题。文章的主题是人类正改变着自然界的平衡。B（words:310&203）The way people hold to the beli
12、ef that a fun-filled, pain free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some
13、pain.As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment （预担的义务）, self - improvement.Ask a bachelor（单身汉） why he resists marriage even
14、 though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing f
15、eatures.Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole nights sleep or a three - day vacation. I dont know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a gr
16、andchild.Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that
17、 will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.46According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because _ .A. he is reluctant to take on f
18、amily responsibilitiesB. he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains singleC. he finds more fun in dating than in marriageD. he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement47Raising children, in the authors opinion is _ .A. a moral duty B. a thankless jobC. a reward
19、ing task D. a source of inevitable pain48From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from _ .A. hatredB. misunderstandingC. prejudiceD. ignorance49To understand what true happiness is one must _ .A. have as much fun as possible during ones lifetimeB. make every effort to liberate one
20、self from painC. put up with pain under all circumstancesD. be able to distinguish happiness from fun50What is the author trying to tell us?A. Happiness often goes hand in hand with painB. One must know how to attain happiness.C. It is important to make commitments. D. It is pain that leads to happi
21、ness.【答案与解析】 4650 ACBDA 本文是一篇议论文，阐述了幸福的获得这一严肃话题，试图澄清人们在幸福问题上的一些误解。46A。细节理解题。本题要求学生判断单身汉拒绝结婚的主要原因。依据文章第3段第1行“Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment”（害怕作出对义务的承诺，即不愿承担义务
22、）。A项与之等同，故正确。47C。推理判断题。依据文章第4自然段第1句“带有婴儿的父母要是能睡上一整晚觉或度一个三天的假日，那真是太幸运了。在我认识的人中，不会有人用fun（好玩）来描述他们抚养孩子的感受”，似乎会认为作者的意图是B项（出力不讨好，毫无回报的事）或D项（不可避免的痛苦来源）。实际上，作者真实想法应在第2句中体现：但是决定不生孩子的夫妻永远也体会不到看着孩子成长以及和孙子玩耍的那种乐趣、那种欣喜。这种乐趣、欣喜实际就是一种回报。所以选项C正确。48B。推理判断题。依据文章最后一句“And it liberates us from envy：we now understand th
23、at all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.”说明：我们现在的这种理解就可免除嫉妒，那么反过来，嫉妒产生于我们的理解不当，即misunderstanding，故选项B正确。49D。推理判断题。依据文章第一自然段第1句“The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining
24、 real happiness”（人们坚持充满趣味、毫无痛苦的生活就等于幸福这一信条实际上减少了他们获得真正幸福的可能性）。再依据文章最后一句“all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all”（生活中总是有如此多的fun的人实际上也许一点都不幸福）。可以看出要理解真正的幸福是什么就必须把fun和happiness区分开来。因为两者绝不等同。故选项D正确。C项应该是回答“怎样才能获得真正的幸福”这一问题，且作者并没在文中明确提到获得快乐就必须在任何情况下都忍受痛苦。50A。主旨大意题。作者的
25、意图出现在第一自然段最后一句：“But in fact，the opposite is true：more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain” （但事实上，导致你幸福的事情多半伴随着痛苦），故选项A符合题意。C（words:401&236）In a few years, you might be able to speak Chinese, Korean, Japanese, French, and English and all at the same time. This sounds incred
26、ible, but Alex Waibel, a computer science professor at USs Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) and Germanys University of Karlsruhe, announced last week that it may soon be reality. He and his team have invented software and hardware that could make it far easier for people who speak different language
27、s to understand each other.One application, called Lecture Translation, can easily translate a speech from one language into another. Current translation technologies typically limit speakers to certain topics or a limited vocabulary. Users also have to be trained how to use the programme.Another pr
28、ototype(雏形机) can send translations of a speech to different listeners depending on what language they speak. “It is like having a simultaneous translator right next to you but without disturbing the person next to you,” Waibel said.Prefer to read? So-called Translation Glasses transcribe(转录) the tra
29、nslations on a tiny liquid-crystal(液晶) display(LCD) screen.Then theres the Muscle Translator. Electrodes capture the electrical signals from facial muscle movements made naturally when a person is mouthing words. The signals are then translated into speech. The electrodes could be replaced with wire
30、less chips implanted in a persons face, according to researchers.During a demonstration held last Thursday in CMUs Pittsburgh campus, a Chinese student named Stan Jou had 11 tiny electrodes attached to the muscles of his cheeks, neck and throat. Then he mouthed without speaking aloud a few words in
31、Mandarin(普通话) to the audience. A few seconds later, the phrase was displayed on a computer screen and spoken out by the computer in English and Spanish: “Let me introduce our new prototype.”This particular gadget(器械),when fully developed, might allow anyone to speak in any number of languages or, as
32、 Waibel put it, “to switch your mouth to a foreign language”. “The idea behind the universitys prototypes is to create good enough bridges for cross-cultural exchanges that are becoming more common in the world,” Waibel said.With spontaneous(自发的) translators, foreign drivers in Germany could listen
33、to traffic warnings on the radio, tourists in China could read all the signs and talk with local people, and leaders of different countries could have secret talks without any interpreters there.51. Which of the following statements is not TRUE?A. A lecture translation can translate what you said in
34、to other languages easily.B. There is no Muscle Translator in the world now.C. Muscle Translators can translate what you think into speech if you just move your mouth.D. The spontaneous translators will help us a lot.52. What kind of equipment is NOT mentioned in this passage?A. Lecture Translation.
35、 B. Muscle Translator.C. Multiple Translator. D. Translation Prototype.53. Whats the final destination of inventing the language translators?A. To make cultural exchanges between different countries easier.B. To help students learn foreign languages more easily.C. To make people live in foreign coun
36、tries more comfortably.D. To help people learn more foreign languages in the future.54. What can be inferred from the seventh paragraph?A. The translator is so good that it can translate any language into the very language you need.B. The translator is becoming more and more common in the world as a
37、 bridge.C. With the help of the translator, you only need to open your mouth when you want to say something without saying the exact words at all.D. The translator needs to be improved before being put into market.55. Where can this passage probably be excerpted from?A. A newspaper. B. A magazine on
38、 science.C. A fairy tale. D. A scientific fantasy book.【答案与解析】 5155 BCADBC篇是一篇说明文，内容是有关科技发明成果的阐述。51.B。细节理解题。根据文章第六自然段可推出B项是错误的。52.C。推理判断题。在短文第二自然段中提到了Lecture Translation,在第三段中提到了prototype,在第五自然段中又提到了Muscle Translator,因而没有被提到的应该是C项。53.A。主旨大意题。根据短文倒数第二自然段所述“The idea behind the universitys prototypes i
39、s to create good enough bridges for cross-cultural exchanges that are becoming more common in the world.”其含义为：隐藏在雏形机背后的理念是为今后世界上越来越普通的跨文化交流搭建足够好的桥梁，由此可以推断出A项就是发明翻译器的真正目的。54.D。推理判断题。根据短文倒数第二自然段所述“This particular gadget, when fully developed.”，其含义为“当这种特别的器械得以充分的改进时”，可以推测出：目前这种器械尚在发展完善之中。55.B。推理判断题。这篇文章是有关科技发明成果的阐述，根据常识，它极有可能会节选自科学杂志。