1、专题限时训练(二十八)科普知识型阅读理解(二)(限时：25分钟)(一)How you end a computer session depends on how you use the computer，your views on energy conservation ( 能源的节约), and what you have been told about how your decision will affect your investments longevity: will frequent starting and stopping cause its circuits(电路) to
2、burn out sooner? Rest easy，your computer is more likely to be damaged by a virus picked up from the Internet than by being turned off and on too much. They are also energyefficient: such efficiency has reached the point where most computers place themselves in sleep mode if they remain idle (闲置的) fo
3、r a certain period of time. So your computer will likely slip into sleep mode anyway，even if you leave it on overnight. Sleep mode itself，once a pretty unreliable optionyou never knew if you would be able to wake your computer without having to reboot (重新启动) ithas been vastly improved with newer ope
4、rating systems. If you want your computer to consume as little energy as possible when not in use，shut it down. If you want it to consume zero energy，youre going to have to unplug (拔去的电源插头) it. Your computer can be in only three states: on，sleep or offeach of which draws some level of electric curre
5、nt.A computer that is “on” will either be actively processing information or sitting idle，depending on whether the user is typing a document，reading email or has stepped away briefly. The amount of wattage (瓦特数) drawn when the computer is on varies greatly depending on whether it is a laptop or a de
6、sktop computer. The latter uses more energy because desktop power supplies are less efficient and require a separate and often larger，powerhungry monitor. It also varies based on the type of work being done: complex calculations requiring intensive processing are more powerhungry，whereas writing or
7、Web browsing consumes far less electricity.()1. If sleep mode goes wrong，what will probably happen to your computer? AIt will consume as little energy as possible.BIt is more likely to be damaged by a virus picked up from the Internet.CIt will have to be rebooted when used again.DIt has to be shut d
8、own and unplugged.()2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text that contributes to the different amount of energy a computer consumes? AWhether it is a laptop or a desktop computer.BWhat kind of work the computer is dealing with.CThe choice of how you use your computer. DWhether the oper
9、ating systems are new.()3. When does a computer consume the most energy? AWhen we let it remain idle.BWhen we use it to do complex calculations.CWhen we use it to type some documents and email.DWhen we use it for surfing the Internet.()4. The reason why a desktop computer uses more energy than a lap
10、top computer is that_. Aa desktop computers monitor is separate and often largerBa desktop computer is larger than a laptop computer in sizeCa desktop computer performs more kinds of work than a laptop computerDa desktop computer is not energyefficient()5. Which of the following is implied in the fi
11、rst two paragraphs? AFrequent starting and stopping can damage a computer.BA computers longevity depends more on the proper way you use it.CA virus picked up from the Internet is likely to damage a computer.DThe more often you use a computer，the more smoothly it works.(二)As is reported, 113,000,000
12、Americans have at least one bankissued credit card. They use credit cards in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in different places, whether or n
13、ot the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society” is not on the horizonits already here. While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers(记录器) can do much more than simply ring_up_sales. They can keep a
14、wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these c
15、omputers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customer for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computeranalyzed
16、marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself. Many other companies, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas s
17、tation to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers. ()1.According to the passage, the credit card makes its owner _.Awithdraw as much money from the bank as he wishesBobtain more convenient services than other people doCenjoy greater trust f
18、rom the storekeeperDcash money where he wishes to()2.From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that _.Ain the future all the Americans will use credit cardsBnowadays many Americans do not pay in cash Cit is now more convenient to use credit cards than beforeDcredit cards are mainly used
19、 in the United States today()3.The phrase “ring up sales” most probably means _(Para. 2)Amake an order of goods Brecord sales on a cash registerCcall the sales manager Dkeep track of the goods in stock()4.What is this passage mainly about?AApproaches to the commercial use of computers.BConveniences
20、brought about by computers in business.CSignificance of automation in commercial companies.DAdvantages of credit cards in business.()5.It can be inferred that _.Acomputers will bring disaster Bcomputer industry will not develop fasterCcomputers will bring about more convenience to peoples life Dcomp
21、uters can only be used in banks (三)Why do men live a shorter life than women? The latest research indicates that mens hearts going into a rapid decline when they reach middle age could be the cause. The research of ageing on the heart has shown that womens longevity may be linked to the fact that th
22、eir hearts do not lose much pumping power with age. “We have found that the power of the male heart falls by 20 percent25 percent between 20 and 70 years of age，”said the head of the study, Samantha of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK. “Within the heart there are millions of cells which ma
23、ke it beat. Between the ages of 20 and 70，onethird of those cells die and are not replaced in men, ”said Samantha. “This is part of the ageing process. ”What amazes scientists is that the female heart suffers very little loss of these cells. A healthy 70yearold womans heart could work almost as perf
24、ectly as a 20yearold ones.“This gender(性别)difference might give the reason why men live shorter than women. ” said Samantha. They studied over 250 men and women between the ages of 17 and 80，who are mainly healthy persons so as to reduce the influence of disease. “The team has yet to think about why
25、 ageing suffers a greater loss on the male heart.” said Samantha.But there is also good newsmen can enjoy the health of their hearts with regular exercise. Samantha stressed that women should also take regular exercise to stop their leg muscles getting weaker as they age.()1.The underlined word “lon
26、gevity” in the second paragraph means “_”AhealthBlong lifeCageing Deffect()2.The text mainly talks about_.Amens heart cellsBwomens ageing processCthe gender differenceDhearts and long life()3.According to the text, the UK scientists have known that_.Amen have fewer cells than women when they are bor
27、nBwomen can produce the cells that make the heart beatCthe female heart suffers less loss of the cells as she agesDwomen will never suffer the loss of pumping power as they age()4.If you want to live a long life, you should_.Aenable your heart to beat much fasterBthink about the reason for ageingCta
28、ke regular exercise to keep your heart healthyDstop your cells from being lost专题限时训练(二十八)科普知识型阅读理解(二)(一)1C细节理解题。根据第三段第一句you never knew if you would be able to wake your computer without having to reboot it可知必须要重启，故答案为C。2D细节推断题。根据第一段段首及最后一段可知A、B、C三项正确，而D项在文中没有依据支持。3B细节理解题。第二段谈到如果电脑一段时间不用会自动转为睡眠状态，这样耗
29、电很少。最后一段最后一句说明电脑在处理不同的任务时，用电量也不同(复杂运算耗电最多)，故正确答案为B。4A细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句The latter uses more energy because desktop power supplies are less efficient and require a separate and often larger, powerhungry monitor.可以推断A项是正确选项，而D项表述太绝对化。5B推理判断题。从第一段最后一句和第二段的第一句可以推出电脑使用的寿命长短主要是如何正确使用电脑。C项是第二段第一句直接陈述的事实。故排除
30、C项，选B项。(二)1B细节理解题。根据文章第一段They use credit cards in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad.及making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in different places, whether or not the local branch bank is open.可知信用卡给他们带来了极大的便利。2B细节理解题。根据文中cashless society，its already
31、 here可知。3B细节理解题。根据下文keep a wide range of records可知与记录有关。4B主旨大意题。文章第二、三段围绕computer的使用。虽然在文中提到了A 项中approaches方法，但那不是主要意思。 C项significance of automation文中未提到。D 项只在第一段中提到。5C推理判断题。文章从电脑用于管理信用卡开始，谈到电脑在许多方面给人们的生活带来便利。A项中disaster文中未提到；B项说电脑的发展不会那么快，与文意不符。由最后一段可知电脑用于许多不同类型的公司，不仅只用于银行。(三)1B词义猜测题。根据第一段的第一句“Why
32、do men live a shorter life than women? ”可推知“longevity”的意思是“长寿”。2D主旨大意题。本文探讨了男人比女人寿命短的主要原因，那就是心脏细胞数量的减少。男人的心脏细胞在20岁到70岁之间会丧失三分之一，因而心脏的功能降低了20%25%，而女人的心脏细胞在这个年龄阶段几乎没有丧失。因此，本文的中心话题是心脏与长寿。3C细节理解题。根据第五段的第一句“What amazes scientists is that the female heart suffers very little loss of these cells.”可知答案为C。4C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，男人经常进行锻炼可以拥有健康的心脏，女人经常进行锻炼可以抵制腿部的肌肉衰弱无力。因此，要想长寿，就要积极锻炼。