1、School life Grammar and usageLead in A:That team won the game.B:Which team?A:1.the green team.2.the team in green.3.the team who are wearing green.Attributivesprepositional phrase attributive clauseadjectiveA:That team won the game.B:Which team?A:1.The green team won the game.2.The team in green won
2、 the game.3.The team who are wearing greenwon the game.一.定语从句的基本定义放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的词叫先行词。关系词的分类1.关系代词2.关系副词常用的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose常用的关系副词有：when,where,why二.关系词的分类The girl that/who we saw yesterday is Mary.先行词关系代词Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行词关系副词Joi
3、n the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw the girl yesterday.Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw the girl yesterday.Step 1.确定主句，找相同成分Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.the girlThe girlStep 2.把从句放到主句先行词之后Join the follow
4、ing sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw the girl yesterday.The girl that/who we saw yesterday is Mary.Step 3.删掉从句中的相同成分，并在从句前加上关系词the girlJoin the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.先行词和关系词的关系Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can
5、 fly.the machinea machineJoin the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is the machine can fly.a machine that/which在定语从句中，关系词可以充当从句中的：subject 主语 object 宾语 predicative 表语 attribute 定语 adverbial 状语关系代词关系副词四.关系词的基本用法As subject 主语The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.The boy w
6、ho is smiling is Tom.The boy is Tom.The boy has a round face.The boy who has a round face is Tom.The boy is Tom.He sits in front of me.The man who sits in front of me is Tom.As object 宾语The man is kind.Everyone likes him.The man(who)everyone likes is kind.The woman got the job.We saw her in the stre
7、et.The woman(whom)we saw in the street got the job.As predicative 表语Jack is no longer a lazy boy.He used to be a lazy boy.Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.As attribute定语The teacher praised the student.His English is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student whoseEnglish
8、is the best in our class.whose English=the students English关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格 The house is mine.The window of the house is broken.The house whose window is broken is mine.whose window=the houses windowAs adverbial 状语The school is in Shenzhen.He studied in the school.The school where he studied is i
9、n Shenzhen.在限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法：who 指人，在从句中作主语、宾语。(作宾语可省略)1）eg.He is not the man who visited our school yesterday.The professor who you wish to see has come2)eg.Do you know the man(whom)we saw at theBeijing Hotel?whom指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略。(1)Im not interested in the bookwhich has just been published.(2)My moth
10、er found the goldring(which)she had lost.which 指物，在句中作主语或宾语作宾语时可以省略。The season that comes after spring is summer.that指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。Do you know the man(that)I am talking to The teacher praised the student whoseEnglish is the best in our class.whose=the students关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格The house
11、whose window is broken is mine.whose=the houses window whose指人或物。作定语。表示所属关系。关系代词用法关系代词 指代在从句中的作用thatwhichwhowhom 宾whose(=of which)人/物定人物 主宾 主宾 主宾 人 人 人物 物 *6.先行词是下列词时，限制性定语从句必须用 that 引导。1)先行词是不定代词或被其修饰（all,some,any,few,little,much,every,each,no,anything,nothing,everything，something等）eg.All that can
12、be done has been done.Is there anything that I can do for you.Every means that had been tried proved to be useless.2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。eg.This is the cleanest park that you can imagine.The first thing that shouldbe done is to get some food.3)先行词被the very,the only,the right,the last,just the等修饰 eg.Thi
13、s is the only book that has been written in French.Those are the very words that he used.This is just the book that I am looking for.4)当先行词由人和物两部分组成时，eg.He talked about the things and persons that he had visited in the city.5)在 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句中，限制性定语从句必须用 that 引导。eg.Who is the manthat is standi
14、ng over there.Which is the car that was made in Beijing.6)先行词在从句中作表语时，通常用 that 引导。（常可省略）eg,.She is no longer the girlthat she was before she went to the country.7,当主语以here,there开头时 eg,Here is the place that you ve been looking for.先行词被 such,the same 修饰时，通常用as引导定语从句 eg,This is not such a book as I wa
15、nt.This is the same book as I want.关系代词的用法练习1.The eggs were not fresh.I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hungry.He came to supper last night.3.He prefers the cheese.It comes from his parents farm.4.The noodles were delicious.You cooked them.5.I dont like the people.They smoke a lot.The egg
16、sI bought them were not fresh.The friendhe came to supper last night was not hungry.He prefers the cheese it comes from his parents farm.The noodlesyou cooked them were delicious.I dont like the people they smoke a lot.(that/which)who/thatthat/which(which/that)that/whoPractice1.The man _ stands ther
17、e is Tom.2.The girl _ I met is Ms Li.3.The boy _ watch was lost is Tom.4.The book _ lies on the desk is his.5.The pen _ you bought is good.6.The magazine _ cover is red is nice.who/that(whom/that)whosewhich/that(which/that)whosePractice1.This is the best film _ Ive seen.2.That is the last lesson _ I
18、 gave you.3.This is the very book _ Im after.4.That is just the coat _ color is red.5.That is the right place _ he works.6.I still remember the schools and boys _ I met there.(that)(that)(that)whosewhere(that)7.Everything _ you said is true.8.Which is the book _ you want?9.Who is the girl _ sits the
19、re.10.All _ he said is true.11.All _ is said by him is true.12.Are there any problems _ trouble you?13.I will make full use of the time _ is left for me.(that)(that)that(that)thatthatthat14.Such boys _ you mentioned are well.15.The boys _ _ you mentioned are well.16.It is so difficult a problem _ no
20、 one can work out.17.It is so difficult a problem_ no one can work it out.18.She wore the same hat _ you wore yesterday.thatsuch asasasas19.You have made the same mistake_ you made last time.20.I had the same experience _ youhave now.21.She went to the same place _ shesaw the key.22.Those _ are pres
21、ent are well.23.Is this factory _ _ _ he visited?thatthatwherewhothe one (that)Complete the article on page 11 using who,whom,which or whose.Answers:1._ 2._3._ 4._5._ 6._7._ 8._whichwhichwhowhom/whowhowhichwhosewho/whom5.Our History teacher tells us stories _.6.I have a good friend _.7.The library i
22、s a place_ _.that/which he is good at./that/which are very interestingwhose name is Sallythat/which isquiet and comfortable/who is called SallyComplete the sentences.2.It has many students_ _.3.English is the subject _.4.I admire most an American lady _.from different countrieswho/that arethat/which Iwho/that teaches us Englishlike best