1、Section Grammar省略课前语法感知.教材语法感知教材原句1(1)First degree burns turn white when (they are) pressed.(2)If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if (it is) possible.2There is no doubt that Johns quick thinking and the first aid skills (that/which) he learned at school saved Ms Slades li
2、fe.3It shows (that) a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.探究发现(1)第1组例句为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，或当状语从句的主语为it，而且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词动词一起省略。(2)例句2为关系代词的省略。当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。(3)例句3体现的是当及物动词之后跟由连接词that引导的宾语从句时，that可以省略。.真题语法感知1(2018全国卷)Chinas approach to protecting its environm
3、ent while (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the banks Juergen Voegele.答案：feeding此处是句子的省略形式。由“连词doing”构成，表示主动的动作。相当于while it is feeding。2(2017全国卷)Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when (attack)答案：being attacked
4、when being attackedwhen they (all kinds of plants) are being attacked，句中省略了时间状语从句中的主语和be动词are。3(2015北京高考)If (accept) for the job, youll be informed soon.答案：acceptedIf条件状语从句中省略了与主句主语一致的主语you和be动词are，且动词accept与主语you之间是被动关系，应用其过去分词形式。4(2015江苏高考)It is so cold that you cant go outside unless fully (cover
5、) in thick clothes.答案：covered句意：天气如此寒冷，你不能到外面去，除非你用厚衣服完全裹起来。unless引导的条件状语从句中省略了you are, cover与you之间为被动关系，故用过去分词covered。5(2014福建高考)In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in ， knives and forks.答案：otherswhile后为省略形式，补充完整为“while in others people eat with knives and forks”。课堂合作探究省略是将句子中一个或多个
6、成分省去，避免重复，使语言简练、紧凑的一种语法手段。在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：一、并列句的省略在由并列连词and, but, while等连接的并列句中，后面的分句中可以省略与前面分句中相同的成分以避免重复。The news made me angry, while (the news made) my sister happy.这个消息使我生气，然而却让我妹妹高兴。【即景活用1】单句写作Tom picked up a book on the floor and .汤姆捡起了地板上的一本书并把它交给了老师。His advice made me happy, but .他的建议使我
7、高兴，却使吉姆生气。He has a knowledge of first aid but .他具备急救知识，但他的朋友不具备(急救知识)。答案：(Tom) handed it to his teacher(his advice made) Jim angryhis friend doesnt (have a knowledge of first aid)二、复合句的省略(一)状语从句中的省略1在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, though, as if/though, as, whether等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部
8、分含有be动词，而主语又跟主句主语相同或从句主语为it，则从句中主语和be动词常省略。Wood gives off much smoke while (wood is) burning.木头燃烧时产生很多烟。Though (they were) tired, they went on working.虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。Trees should be pruned (修剪) when (it is) necessary.当必要时，应该修剪树木。Should you change your mind, no one would blame you.If you should chan
9、ge your mind, no one would blame you.万一你改变主意，谁也不会怨你。2在than，as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。He runs as fast as Bob (runs)他和鲍勃跑得一样快。【即景活用2】单句写作Remember to calm down when .记得有麻烦时要冷静。His opinion, whether ， would be considered.他的意见，无论对错，都会被考虑。You shouldnt go to his party unless .你不应该去他的聚会，除非你被邀请。 As we all know, Ya
10、o Ming is taller .众所周知，姚明比我们大多数人高。答案：(you are) in trouble(it is) right or wrong(you are) invitedthan most of us(二)定语从句中的省略1在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom，which，that可省略(但whom，which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。Hes the man (who/that/whom) you want to see. 他是你想见的那个人。2the way作先行词，关系词that/in which在定语从句中作状语时，关系词可以省略；如果关系词that/wh
11、ich在定语从句中作宾语，则that/which也可省略。That is the way (in which/that) we solved the problem.那就是我们解决那个问题的方法。【即景活用3】单句写作We dont like he does the job.我们不喜欢他工作的方式。The computer was sold out.我想买的那种电脑卖光了。答案：the way (that/in which)(which/that) I wanted to buy(三)宾语从句中的省略1及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词后接两个或两个以上that
12、引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within.我真的相信美丽来自内心。2when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。You were late again, and I hope you will explain why (you were late again)你又迟到了，我希望你能解释一下为什么。【即景活用4】单句写作I it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say goodbye
13、to us.我认为今天下午天会放晴，他们会来向我们告别。Our teacher will come here, but I dont know .我们的老师将要来这儿，但是我不知道他什么时候来。答案：think (that)when (he will come)课后演练提能基础题.单句语法填空1(2018浙江高考改编)While regularly (eat) out seems to have become common for many young people in recent years, its not without a cost.答案：eating2Did you tell h
14、er the bad news?Yes, but Id rather not .答案：have3Have you got any particular plans for the coming winter vacation?Yes, possible, Im going to visit my grandparents.答案：if4(2017天津高考)But that is not what many people have in mind when (think) of driverless cars.答案：thinking5His job is to take care of the e
15、lders and (wash) their clothes.答案：wash.单句写作(用省略形式)1They attended the meeting on time .正如计划的一样，他们按时出席了会议。答案：as planned2 to the market，these products enjoyed great success.当这些产品首次投放市场时，获得了巨大的成功。答案：When first introduced3The earth is our only home. If we dont care about it, who else ？地球是我们唯一的家园。如果我们不关注它
16、，谁关注它？答案：will4He will come back，but we dont know .他会回来的，可是我们不知道他什么时候回来。答案：when (he will come back)5I must get it done .无论付出什么代价，我都要把这件事做完。答案：whatever the cost (may be)能力题.阅读理解A(2019辽宁省五校协作高三联合模拟)Airbags, now found in almost every vehicle, have saved countless lives and largely reduced the seriousnes
17、s of injuries in crashes. Similar technology could greatly reduce broken hips (髋部) resulting from a fall, something most seniors fear.Dr Robert Buckman and his startup company, ActiveProtective in Allentown, Pennsylvania, has developed a promising solution, a wearable airbag that can protect hip bon
18、es in the event of a fall. The idea was the result of Dr Buckmans years as a doctor at Temple University. He noticed how many elderly people were being brought into hospitals with broken hips due to falls, and how they often never completely recovered from the injuries. He started to ask what he cou
19、ld do for these people, and that was when he started trying to figure out whether there was a way of helping people who were at the highest risk of falling and suffering these kinds of injuries.The device is worn much like a regular belt, but on the outside of the clothing, it includes sensors that
20、monitor the movement of hips. If the device detects that the person is falling, an airbag opens before the person hits the ground, cushioning the fall. When the wearer hits the ground, the bag reduces the force to the hip bones by 90 percent, enough to avoid the majority of hip injuries.With one out
21、 of every three people aged 65 and older suffering serious falls each year, ActiveProtective has a big market for its wearable device. It also has the potential to sizably reduce hiprelated health care expenses: Hip injuries among the elderly cost the US health care system in 2012 $ 30 billion, whic
22、h doesnt include the longterm care expenses associated with the high percentage of patients that can no longer live independently.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了可穿戴安全气囊的发明缘由、工作原理以及可能带来的影响。1What is the purpose of the ActiveProtectives airbag?ATo avoid hip injuries among seniors.BTo protect seniors from car accid
23、ents.CTo help seniors with their daily nursing.DTo help doctors deal with serious injuries.答案：A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Similar technology could greatly reduce broken hips (髋部) resulting from a fall, something most seniors fear.”和第二段中的“a wearable airbag that can protect hip bones in the event of a fall”可知，the
24、ActiveProtectives airbag的目的是避免老年人髋部受伤，故选A。2What inspired Dr Robert Buckman to make the device?AA report on seniors health.BA serious fall he experienced.CHis work experiences as a doctor.DSuggestions of seniors at Temple University.答案：C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He noticed how many elderly people were being brou
25、ght into hospitals with broken hips due to falls, and how they often never completely recovered from the injuries. He started to ask what he could do for these people”可知，当医生时的所见促使Dr Robert Buckman制造这个装置，故选C。3How does the device mainly work?ABy reducing the effects of falling.BBy speeding up bone rec
26、overy.CBy predicting road conditions.DBy preventing people from falling.答案：A推理判断题。根据第三段中的“If the device detects that the person is falling, an airbag opens before the person hits the ground, cushioning the fall. When the wearer hits the ground, the bag reduces the force to the hip bones by 90 percen
27、t, enough to avoid the majority of hip injuries.”可知，这个装置在人将要摔倒在地的那一刻，安全气囊自动打开，以减弱身体撞击地面的强度；当穿戴者撞击地面时，安全气囊将髋骨受的冲击力降低了90%，这足以避免大部分的髋部受伤，故选A。4What does the author think of the ActiveProtectives airbag?AIt still needs improving.BIt has a promising future.CIt may encourage seniors to do exercise.DIt may
28、increase Americas expenses on seniors.答案：B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“ActiveProtective has a big market for its wearable device. It also has the potential to sizably reduce hiprelated health care expenses”可推知，这个装置前景很好，故选B项。BIn many sports, physical contact is part of the game. But when athletes hit their heads,
29、the hit can cause concussions (脑震荡) .Concussions have long been a concern for professional athletes, but theyve become more common among young players too. Between 2001 and 2009, the number of kids under 19 visiting doctors for concussions each year increased by 62 percent.Engineers are developing n
30、ew helmets (头盔), and new rules are limiting physical contact in some sports. But are these efforts enough to protect kids brains?Concussions can happen during many types of activities. But sports like football and soccer are especially risky. When you run or jump, your body is moving at an increased
31、 speed. A sudden hit causes you to move faster in a different direction.“Its like when youre on a bus and it makes a sudden stop，” says Dr Kevin Crutchfield, an expert at a sports concussion center in Baltimore, Maryland. “You hit the inside of the bus.”This hit damages the brain. It affects the way
32、 the brain functions. So some sports require athletes to wear helmets. Helmets help reduce the force of a hit. The hard outer shell spreads the force over a larger area. Inside a helmet, a plastic or airfilled lining also helps soften the blow.Steve Rowson is an engineer at Virginia Tech. In his lab
33、, he tests how helmets hold up against different types of hits. No helmet can prevent concussions completely, says Rowson. But hes found that when wearing a newer football helmet, the players head doesnt gain speed as much after a hit. That lowers the risk of concussions.Many youth sports teams have
34、 set limits on physical contact to reduce the risk of concussions. In soccer, most concussions happen as a result of headersshots or passes made with the head. Thats why many people think kids shouldnt head the ball until high school.These efforts should help, says Crutchfield. But the best way to p
35、revent longterm brain injuries, he says, is to stop playing immediately if you suffer concussion. “Protect yourself today so you can play again tomorrow.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。青少年在运动中因头部撞击导致脑震荡的比例在逐年增高，工程师、医生和教练正采取措施预防脑震荡的发生。5Concussions among young players .Aare rare before 2001Bseem extremely worryingCcau
36、se kids to lose interest in sportsDare mostly caused by wearing no helmets答案：B推理判断题。由第二段中的“more common”和“each year increased by 62 percent”可知，青少年因体育运动导致脑震荡的情况越来越严重，令人担忧。6The author mentions the sudden stop of the bus to .Astress its dangerous to ride busesBshow human brains are easily damagedCgive a
37、 better explanation of concussionsDremind people to wear helmets while playing sports答案：C推理判断题。作者在第五段中提到公共汽车急刹车时人们会受到撞击，将之与人们在运动时发生脑震荡的情况相比较，使这一概念更容易被理解。7What does Steve Rowson think of the newer football helmets?AThey vary a lot in size.BThey work better than the old ones.CThey slow down the player
38、s running speed.DThey allow the players to move their heads more freely.答案：B细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“But hes found that . lowers the risk of concussions.”可知，新款头盔效果更好些，可以更好地保护运动员的头部免受伤害。8Dr Crutchfield suggests that after receiving a concussion, young players should .Anever head the ballBavoid dangerous sports
39、Cplay other kinds of sportsDstop playing the sport for a while答案：D细节理解题。由最后一段中的“stop playing immediately if you suffer concussion”可知，Crutchfield建议年轻的运动员在运动中发生脑震荡时，一定要及时停止运动，这样才能避免给大脑造成长期的损伤，才有利于今后更好地进行这项运动。.语法填空David will never forget what happened to him the day before yesterday. He 1 (eat) somethi
40、ng at home when he received a strange phone call from a hospital. The caller said his son 2 (fall) to the ground unconscious on the way to school and 3 it was he who took him to hospital. David hung up and rushed to his sons classroom, only 4 (find) him listening to the teacher attentively. He sudde
41、nly realized that he 5 (cheat), but he felt relieved. Just at that time the phone rang again, saying, “Your son is in great danger and he needs an immediate operation which costs 48,000 yuan. The doctors here say they will not operate on your son until they are paid.” When 6 (ask) from where the cal
42、ler had taken his son to hospital, the caller rang off. David gave a big smile and said, “What a pity it is！”The cheater might have thought he could get money from David. If 7 ， he was wrong. Such phone calls are common these days, and many of Davids 8 (colleague) have received similar calls recently. Therefore, all parents should be sensitive 9 such tricks so as not to 10 (cheat).1 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9 10. 答案：1.was eating2.had fallen3.that4.to find5.had been cheated6.asked7.so8.colleagues9.to10be cheated