1、随着社会变迁和时代发展，农业会向哪个方向发展呢？The Future of Farming,More and more people around the world are living in urban areas, and the need for highquality fresh food is rising.At the same time, new homes, apartment buildings, shopping centers and roads are replacing fertile land near cities.That makes growing crop
2、s in tall buildings an interesting solution.In Dallas, Texas, a company called Green Habitat Hydroponics(GHH), sells vertical farming supplies(垂直农业用品)“You can control anything and everything you want to with hydroponics (the process of growing plants in sand, small stones, or water with added nutrie
3、nts but no soil)，” Kris Maxwell, a sales employee at GHH said.“For example, certain plants need certain nutrients and pH levels.But dont worry.You can change the hydroponic solution(溶液) by adding or taking away nutrients, or by changing the pH level, or even by controlling the amount of a water in s
4、olution, so that plants get all the nutrients and water requirements they need.There are even different solutions for certain stages in the plants growth.”In this indoor environment, LED lights, which are environmentally friendly, take the place of the sun.Heaters, coolers, and special machines cont
5、rol the temperature and humidity(湿度)Up to 300 plants can grow in one container unit.GHH also sells aeroponic systems.With this system, plants are placed in huge containers where only the roots are put in a solution.Nutrientrich wastes from fish, for example, are filtered(过滤) and sent through the sys
6、tem.“The good thing about this method is that no fertilizers have to be used because the fish produce all of the necessary nutrients，” Maxwell said.“Another advantage of vertical farming is that no insects or other pests will damage your crops.”What do you think？Does vertical farming have a bright f
7、uture？Section Warming Up & ReadingComprehending重点单词写作词汇1.struggle vi.& n. 斗争；拼搏；努力2.decade n. 十年；十年期3.expand vt.& vi. 使变大；伸展4.rid vt. 摆脱；除去5.therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而6.crop n. 庄稼；农作物；产量拓展词汇7.hunger n饥饿；欲望 vt.& vi.(使)饥饿hungry adj.饥饿的8.disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的disturbed adj.扰乱的；精神失常的disturb vt.扰乱；打扰9.f
8、reedom n自由；自主free adj.自由的；免费的freely adv.自由地；随意地10.equip vt.& vi.配备；装备equipment n设备(不可数)11.export vt.& vi.输出；出口import vt.& vi.(反义词)输入；进口12.personality n性格；个性；人格personal adj.个人的；身体的；亲自的personally adv.亲自地；当面；个别地；就自己而言阅读词汇13.statistic n. 数据；统计；统计数字； 统计资料 14.sunburnt adj. 晒黑的15.super adj. 特级的；超级的16.outpu
9、t n. 产量；输出17.circulate vt.& vi. 循环；流传18.grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒19.peanut n. 花生20.occupation n. 工作；职业；占领重点短语1.thanks_to 幸亏；由于；因为2.rid.of 使摆脱或除去3.be_satisfied_with 对感到满意4.care_about 关心；在乎5.would_rather 宁愿；宁可6.make_a_difference 有关系；有影响重点句型1.if so省略句式：If_so(如果这样), what did you do to grow them？2.what引导名词性从句：Yu
10、an Longping grows what_is_called(被称为) super hybrid rice.3.make it形容词动词不定式：This special strain of rice makes_it_possible_to(使成为可能) produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.4.倍数表达法：Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice_as_large_as_before(以前的两倍大). FastreadingSkim the text a
11、nd do the following exercises.1Whats the main idea of the text?AWays to increase the rice output.BYuan Longpings dreams.CYuan Longpings super hybrid rice.DYuan Longpingan agricultural pioneer.答案：D2Match the main idea of each paragraph.Para.1 AYuan Longpings brief life experiences.Para.2 BYuan Longpi
12、ngs dreams.Para.3 CYuan Longpings attitudes toward life.Para.4 DYuan Longpings achievements in the improvements on rice production.答案：DACB CarefulreadingRead the text carefully and choose the best answer.1Why did Yuan Longping want to develop a new species of rice in the 1950s?ABecause he wanted to
13、win an award.BBecause he wanted to catch others eye.CBecause hunger was a disturbing problem in China.DBecause his hometown suffered from drought.2How long did it take Yuan Longping to develop his super hybrid rice?A12 years.B14 years.C20 years. D25 years.3Yuan Longpings hobbies include the followin
14、g EXCEPT_Alistening to violin music Bplaying mahjongCswimming and reading Dsinging4What does Yuan Longping think of being famous?AIt gives him a chance to know more important people.BIt makes him have more money to buy what he wants.CIt gives him a chance to take up more hobbies.DIt makes him have l
15、ess freedom to do his research.答案：14.CCDD StudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1More than 800 million people go to bed hungry every day.此句为简单句。hungry为形容词，在句中作状语，表示伴随，描述主语people的状态。 翻译每天有超过8亿人饿着肚子睡觉。2Although he is one of Chinas most famous scientists, Yuan Longping consi
16、ders himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research.此句为并列句。第一个分句为主从复合句，含有Although引导的让步状语从句；并列连词for连接的第二个分句补充说明原因，to do his research为目的状语。 翻译虽然他是中国最著名的科学家之一，袁隆平却认为自己是个农民，因为他耕种土地来进行研究。3Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese f
17、armers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.此句为主从复合句，for whom为“介词关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Chinese farmers。 翻译的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身躯，就跟其他千百万中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。4In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.此句为主从复合句。句中含有tha
18、t引导的定语从句，修饰先行词rice，且that在从句中充当主语。主句中表语中心词pioneer由序数词修饰，后面的不定式作后置定语。 翻译1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。pioneer n开拓者；先锋，先驱consider v认为，以为；仔细考虑work the land耕种土地work在此处意为“管理，经营”，是及物动词。indeed adv.其实，实际上sunburntsnbntadj.晒黑的strugglestrlvi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力decadedekeIdn.十年；十年期supersjupadj.特级的；超级的hybridhaIbrIdadj.混合的；杂
19、种的n杂交种；混血儿outputatptn.产量；输出(反义词：input)strainstreInn.(植物的)品种；种类cropkrpn.庄稼；农作物；产量hungerhn.饥饿；欲望 vt.& vi.(使)饥饿disturbingdIstbIadj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的expandIkspndvt.& vi.使变大；伸展circulateskjleItvt.& vi.循环；流传less developed countries欠发达国家thanks to幸亏；由于；因为tool n方法；工具battlebtln.战役；战斗；较量；斗争vt.& vi.搏斗；奋斗rid.of使摆脱或除去ri
20、drIdvt.摆脱；除去be satisfied with(be content/pleased with)对感到满意care about在意freedomfridmn.自由；自主would rather宁愿；宁可keep time for sth.为某事留出时间rather than而不是thereforeefadv.因此；所以；因而equipIkwIpvt.& vi.配备；装备sorghumsmn.高粱ear of rice稻穗ear of corn玉米穗grainreInn.谷物；粮食；颗粒peanutpintn.花生with the hope of带着某种希望exportIksptvt
21、.& vi.输出；出口care for关心；喜欢；照顾【核心素养链接】联合国(United Nations，简称UN)成立于1945年10月，是第二次世界大战结束之后一个由主权国家组成的国际组织。联合国致力于促进各国在国际法、国际安全、经济发展、社会进步、人权及实现世界和平方面的合作。联合国在维护世界和平、缓和国际紧张局势以及解决地区冲突方面发挥着相当积极的作用。A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLEAlthough he is one of Chinas most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer
22、, for he works the land to do his research.Indeed， his sunburnt face and arms and his slim，strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers，for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.Yuan Longping grows what is called superhybrid rice.In 1973，he became the first agricultural p
23、ioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fieldsNow more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.for whom he has struggled为“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，相当于whom he has strugg
24、led for。what is called super hybrid rice是what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。动词不定式to grow rice作后置定语，修饰the first agricultural pioneer。当名词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，用动词不定式作定语。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词rice，且that在从句中作主语，不能省略。本句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields。过去分词短语produced in China作后置定语，修饰rice。Born in
25、 1930, Yuan Longping graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.Yuan Longpi
26、ng searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce about fiftysix million tons of rice.In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced.These increased harvests mean that 22% of the worlds
27、people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in the world.Yuan Longping is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests.Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.Using his hybrid ri
28、ce, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.动词ing短语finding ways to grow more rice在句中作主语，动词不定式短语to grow more rice作定语，修饰ways。过去分词increased作定语，修饰harvests。现在分词短语Using his hybrid rice作状语。twice as large as.的两倍大，属于“倍数as形容词/副词原级as”的倍数表达法。Yuan Longping is quite satisfied with his life.However
29、, he doesnt care about being famous.He feels it gives him less freedomto do his research.He would much rather keep time forhis hobbies.He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mahjong，swimming and reading.Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.Indee
30、d, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles.He therefore gives millions of yuan to equipothers for their research in agriculture.动词ing短语Spending money.life在句中作主语，谓语动词mean用第三人称单数形式。Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.Long ago Yuan Longping had a d
31、ream about rice plants as tall as sorghum.Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut.He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more peopleNow, many years later, Yuan Longping has another dream: to exporthis ric
32、e so that it can be grown around the globeOne dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his peoplethat could feed more people是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a kind of rice。so that it can.globe中，so that引导目的状语从句。who在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a person。造福全人类的先驱者虽然他是中国最著名的科学家之一，袁隆平却认为自己是个农民，因为他耕种土
33、地来进行研究。的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身躯，就跟其他千百万中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。袁隆平种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量成为可能。如今中国每年生产的稻米中超过60%出自这种杂交水稻。袁隆平出生于1930年，1953年毕业于西南农学院。从那时起，找到生产更多稻米的方法就成了他的人生目标。年轻时，他就看到了稻米增产的巨大需求。当时，饥饿是困扰许多农村地区的问题。袁隆平要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求增收稻米的途径。1950年，中国农民
34、能生产大约五千六百万吨稻米，而近来却生产了将近两亿吨稻米。这一粮食产量的增加意味着中国仅用7%的耕地养活了世界上22%的人口。袁隆平目前正在印度、越南和很多其他欠发达国家传播提高水稻产量的知识。多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的方法。用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。袁隆平对自己的生活非常满足。但是，他对成名并不在意。他觉得出名后搞科研就不那么自由了。他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。他喜欢听小提琴乐曲、搓麻将、游泳和读书。在自己身上花钱或者享受舒适的生活对他来说意义也不大。事实上，他认为一个人有了太多钱，他的麻烦事只会更多，而不是更少。因此，他拿出数百万元帮
35、助其他人进行农业研究。然而，梦想是不花本钱的。很久以前，袁隆平曾梦见水稻长得像高粱一样高，稻穗跟玉米穗一样大，而每粒稻米像花生米一般大。他从梦中醒来，希望能培育出一种能养活更多人的水稻。许多年后的今天，袁隆平还有另外一个梦想，那就是他的稻米可以出口以便长遍全球。一个梦想总是不够的，尤其对一个热爱和关心人民的人来说更是如此。 阅读理解ATodays beef comes from animals raised on farms.So do chicken and pork.But some scientists are looking to change that.Theyd like to g
36、row just the parts that we want to eat.Create hamburgers, for example, without any cows.Opinions differ on how best to do this.Some would start with animal cells(细胞)Others would reach for parts of plants instead.But whatever their source is, the goals are the same：tasty meat for more people, less st
37、ress on the environment.The idea of growing just the beef, not the whole cow, has been around since at least the 1890s. And it got a bit more real in 2013. That was when Mark Post introduced his labgrown hamburger at a televised tasting(品尝会)But the cost of that first burger was highmore than $300，00
38、0.No one expected to buy a burger that cost more than a car, let alone a small plant.Other scientists want to make “meat” from plants.These dreamers are not looking to create a better “vegetable burger”Indeed, one of these scientists, Patrick O. Brown, doesnt like that term at all.Vegetable burgers
39、are made from plants and have the shape of a burger.The taste is often quite different from true meat.Browns company, Impossible Foods in Redwood City, Calif, instead wants to make plant burgers so delicious that even those meat eaters will enjoy them and want to take another bite.When it comes to m
40、aking meat，“Animals happened to be the technology that was available 10，000 years ago，” Brown says.“We stuck with that technology.But it is unbelievably inefficient(效率低的) by any measure.” Brown believes that science can come up with something better.His team is going towards the plant path. But if t
41、he scientists can make their animalcellbased dream affordable, he adds，“Ill be their biggest fan.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。一些研究人员想利用植物生产肉或者在实验室里种植出肉来，以减少肉类动物的养殖。1What do the scientists want to do?ARaise animals in a better way.BCreate meat without raising animals.CChange the taste of chicken and pork.DMake mu
42、ch healthier burgers for people.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的Theyd like to grow just the parts that we want to eat. Create hamburgers, for example, without any cows.可知，科学家们想通过不用养殖动物的方式来获得肉。2What can we know about Mark Posts labgrown hamburger?AIt was first created in the 1890s.BIt was made based on animal cells.
43、CIts price was too high for customers.DIts taste was not as good as original hamburgers.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的But the cost of that first burger was highmore than $300，000.No one expected to buy a burger that cost more than a car, let alone a small plant.可知，Mark Post在实验室种植出的汉堡包价格太高。3Whats Patrick OBrowns a
44、ttitude towards the traditional way of making meat?AUninterested.BNegative.CHopeful. DSupportive.B解析：观点态度题。根据末段的“We stuck with that technology.But it is unbelievably inefficient(效率低的) by any measure.” Brown believes that science can come up with something better.可知，Brown认为传统的用动物来获得肉的方式效率太低，他相信能找到更好的
45、方法。故他对这种方式持消极态度。BAs hard as you and your loved ones try to pick out the perfect present, you may need to return something.The sweater will be the wrong size, or the new coffee maker wont match your kitchen.Almost everyone is in the same boat, though, with almost twothirds of shoppers making a return
46、 over the holiday season, according to data from the National Retail Foundation.With numbers like that, a “quick” return or exchange can turn into a big headache for you.Luckily, if you plan correctly, you can be in and out at once.To avoid long lines, beat the crowds by arriving right at opening ti
47、me, typically two hours before noon, says personal stylist Vanessa Valiente, creator of VStyle. “Most mornings at a store have shorter lines, but the mornings with the shortest lines are on Sundays，” she says.“This is true all through the year and continues to be true during the holidays.”If you can
48、t get out on a Sunday, weekday mornings, especially Mondays and Tuesdays, usually have shorter lines too, says Sarah Hollenbeck, a shopping and savings expert.Hitting the shops on a weekday afternoon is also better than heading out after work or on a busy weekend, she says, but notes that the week a
49、fter Christmas tends to be full of people no matter what.Stores offer New Years and afterChristmas sales, and shoppers gather for the things that werent checked off their Christmas lists.So many people avert that week.But for the bestofthebest and the worstoftheworst, there are two days to notice.De
50、cember 26 tends to be extra busy with people rushing out to make their Christmas returns immediately, says Valiente.On the other side, shoppers are more likely to stay at home on New Years Day.“If you take it easy on New Years Eve, you can be the only one in the stores doing returns on the first day
51、 of the year，” she says.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。圣诞节后，很多人会想去商场退掉一些收到的圣诞节礼物，可是不是每天都适合去做这件事。4What does the author mean by saying “Almost everyone is in the same boat”？APeople find it hard to do Christmas shopping.BPeople really like the things bought as gifts.CIts common for people to receive wrong gifts.DIts c
52、ommon for people to return Christmas gifts.D解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的Almost everyone is in the same boat, though, with almost twothirds of shoppers making a return over the holiday season.可知，作者的意思是：圣诞节后很多人想去商场退掉一些他们收到的礼物。5What does the underlined word “avert” in Paragraph 4 mean?AAvoid. BFear.CCelebrate. DSug
53、gest.A解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段的Stores offer New Years and afterChristmas sales, and shoppers gather for the things that werent checked off their Christmas lists.可知，这一周商场一般都会很拥挤，故可知很多人会选择“避开”这一周去商场。6Which of the following statements would Valiente agree with?AAfternoon is the best time to go shopping.BPeople s
54、hould rest at home on New Years Day.CNew Years Day is the best time to return Christmas gifts.DWed better return our Christmas gifts on December 26.C解析：推理判断题。根据末段的“If you take it easy on New Years Eve, you can be the only one in the stores doing returns on the first day of the year，” she says.可知，她认为
55、新年第一天去退掉那些商品最好。7What is the text mainly about?AThe best time to visit a store.BThe best time to return Christmas gifts.CSome good ways to deal with Christmas gifts.DSome good ways to return Christmas presents.B解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要是讲圣诞节过后哪一天去商场退掉那些不需要的礼物最好。CThe National Pass walking track is in the
56、 Blue Mountains National Park, one of the most wellknown national parks in Australia.It is near Wentworth Falls, which is around 100 kilometres from Sydney (the largest city in Australia)It is a circular walking track of 4.4km.It includes a 709m climb and takes around 3.5 hours to complete.Though th
57、e transport is not perfect, the National Pass can be readily reached by car or train.The Grand Stairway is an unforgettable part of the National Pass.This is a zigzag stairway(which looks like a line of Zs joined together) with 173 steps. It has been described as the tallest outdoor stairway in Aust
58、ralia.The Grand Stairway provides a way to the valley below Wentworth Falls.It was built around 1906 by workers who used all kinds of different tools.Along a great part of this track is the amazing waterfalls which hikers(远足者) pass by, through, and over.These include the Empress Falls.This is a wond
59、erful waterfall in the Valley of the Waters.It goes down a series of rocks to a pool.There are stepping stones for hikers to cross the falls and some shady spots where tired travelers can rest.In 2002 the National Parks and Wildlife Service started repair work on the National Pass.This work took sev
60、eral years and the project was awarded recognition from UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) and the National Trust of Australia.It is worthwhile to choose a guided tour package for the National Pass.The walk costs around $135 per person and requires good health a
61、nd physical condition.It takes the hiker through valleys, thick forests and ends with a lovely picnic lunch.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了澳洲蓝山国家公园的国家山口步行小道。8What do we learn about the National Pass?AYou can finish it in one or two hours.BIt is a track that is close to Sydney.CYou can get there on foot only.DI
62、t ends where it begins.D解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的It is a circular walking track of 4.4km.可知，国家山口步行小道是一条环形路线。9Which of the following best describes the Grand Stairway?AIt is under the valley below Wentworth Falls.BIt was built with the help of UNESCO.CIt is the longest stairway in Australia.DIt has a history o
63、f over one century.D解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的It was built around 1906 by workers who used all kinds of different tools.可知，大阶梯有一百多年的历史了。10What will be exciting for a traveler?AThe clear pools near the track.BThe waterfalls along the track.CThe traditional native culture.DThe beautiful rocks on the mountains.B解
64、析：细节理解题。由第三段中的Along a great part of this track is the amazing waterfalls which hikers(远足者) pass by, through, and over.可知，一路上的瀑布会让旅行者感到激动。11What should hikers know about the track?AThey must be strong enough to walk it.BSome parts of it are quite dangerous.CIt is being repaired at the moment.DMeals a
65、re sold during the walk.A解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的requires good health and physical condition.可知，步行者应该知道，他们必须足够强壮才能完成这里的旅行。 七选五According to medical experts, people do not need food as much as they need water.If you are in good physical shape, you are likely to survive longer.In fact, the body stores fat and
66、other forms of energy.The fatter you are, the more fat your body can store.1._The survival time without food also depends on how fast a person burns food.Those who use up food energy faster will probably not survive as long as those who burn food energy more slowly.Climate also plays an important ro
67、le in it.2._ However, hot climate allows you to go on longer without replacing food.3_ It may lead to physical weakness or confusion.After many weeks without food, your body organs can fail one after another.Even so, people can still survive without food for up to two months as long as they have eno
68、ugh to drink.However, living without water can be a very different story.Every minute, we lose water through breathing and other activities.The water that our bodies lose must be replaced so that our organs can work properly.4._ Otherwise, we may suffer a heat stroke(中暑)Dehydration(严重脱水) can lead to
69、 many illnesses.In the beginning, you may just suffer a dry mouth or a fast heartbeat.5._ Therefore, you should never go on without water for a day or more.AWater helps us cool down in the heat.BHowever, we cant live long without water.CThat is why fatter people can survive longer.DCold weather make
70、s you use up more energy.EEating too much is not necessary in our daily life.FBut a few weeks later, you may be in a state of shock.GEating too little causes your body to react in some special ways.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要指出了相比于食物，人们存活更需要水。人体内可以存储一些脂肪和能量备用，而呼吸和其他身体活动却随时随地在消耗人体内的水分。1C解析：此空设于段尾，与上文存在逻辑上的指代
71、关系。本句中的That指代的是前一句中提到的The fatter you are, the more fat your body can store.。2D解析：此空设于段中，是对前一句的进一步解释。此句和后一句都是对前一句的进一步解释。前一句指出，气候在人们存活的过程中扮演着很重要的角色，此句和后一句分别提出冷天气和炎热的气候是如何具体影响的。3G解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。此句提出，吃得太少会使身体作出一些特殊的反应，接着后文再具体描述这些反应。4A解析：此空设于段中，与后文存在转折关系。本段主要是讲缺水可能会带来的后果。后一句句意为“否则，我们可能会中暑。”由此可推测，此句是提出水可以使我们在炎热的天气凉快下来。5F解析：此空设于段中，是对第一句的进一步解释。第一句指出，严重脱水可以导致很多疾病，接着提出了刚开始的后果。所以可推测，此句是表明几周后，你可能会处于休克状态。