1、Section Learning about Language & Using Language课前预习检测单词识记1.construct (vt.) 建设；修建construction (n.) 建设；建筑物2contribute (vt.& vi.) 捐献；贡献contribution (n.) 贡献3positive (adj.) 积极的；肯定的positively (adv.) 积极地4spin (vi.& vt.) (使)旋转；纺(线或纱)5move (v.) 移动；搬动movement (n.) 移动6enthusiastic (adj.) 热情的；热心的enthusiasm (n
2、.) 热心；热情7cautious (adj.) 小心的；谨慎的cautiously (adv.) 小心地 caution (n.) 谨慎8reject (v.) 拒绝rejection (n.) 拒绝9universe (n.) 宇宙；世界universal (adj.) 宇宙的；全世界的；普遍的10responsible (adj.) 有责任的responsibility (n.) 责任心；责任短语完形1.apart_from除之外；此外2be_strict_with 对严格的3come_to_an_end 结束4be_enthusiastic_about 对热心/充满热情5lead_to
3、 导致；通向6make_sense 讲得通；有意义7take_in 吸收；理解；欺骗8work_on 从事；致力于；努力提高9at_times 有时；偶尔10contribute_to 有助于；对做出贡献；捐助语篇理解根据课文内容填空Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was _1_ (confuse) when all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion _2_ the earth was not the centre of the solar syste
4、m. Only if you put the sun there _3_ the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he didnt tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would _4_ (punish) him. They believed God had made the world _5_ the earth was special and must be the center of the solar system.
5、 In 1514 he showed it _6_ (private) to his friends. But he didnt want _7_ (attack) by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay _8_ (die) in 1543. Now Copernicus theory is the basis _9_ which all our ideas of the universe are built. People can see that there is _10_ direct link between
6、 his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._答案：1.confused2.that3.did4.have punished5.and6privately7.to be attacked8.dying9.on10.a课堂合作探究The Language Points of Learning about Language1Look at these simple verbs and make another construction
7、 using makeanoun.(教材P4)看这些简单动词并用“makeanoun”构成另一个结构。construction n. U建设；C建筑物China and ASEAN are_constructing a 21st Century Maritime Silk Road to promote maritime cooperation.中国与东盟正在构建一条21世纪的海上丝绸之路以便促进海上合作。The government announced that a large number of lowrent houses were_under_construction.政府宣布大量的廉
8、租房正在建设中。The skyscraper was_constructed entirely from concrete and glass.这座摩天大楼全是由混凝土和玻璃构成的。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空The local government raised a large sum of money for highway _ (construct)答案：construction(2)单句写作Most of the factories _ have been _ by the Chinese designers.这些建设中的工厂大多数都是由中国设计师设计的。答案：under const
9、ruction; designed2contribute (教材P4)contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；有助于She would try to persuade local business leaders to contribute_to the cause.她会竭力说服当地的商界领袖们捐助这项事业。Medical negligence was said to have contributed_to her death.据说医护人员的玩忽职守导致了她的死亡。This book contributes little to our understanding of this
10、 subject.本书对我们了解这门课程助益甚小。Those who have made_great_contributions_to human beings and society will never be forgotten.那些为人类和社会做出巨大贡献的人将永垂不朽。【即景活用】单句写作This company _ 100,000 _ the charity.这家公司向这个慈善机构捐赠了100,000英镑。Fresh air and exercise _ good health.新鲜的空气和锻炼有益于健康。He made a great _ the success of the pr
11、oject.他为这个项目的成功作出了很大的贡献。答案：contributed; tocontribute tocontribution toThe Language Points of Using Language1I will need to be/become_strict_with . (教材P6)我需要对严格。be/become strict with sb. 对某人严格/严厉Be_strict_with oneself and lenient towards others.谚语严以律己，宽以待人。My mathematics teacher is very strict_in gra
12、ding.我的数学老师对评分很严格。【即景活用】(1)用恰当介词填空Our parents are very strict _ us, but never too hard _ us.答案：(1)with; on(2)单句写作Tomatoes are not, _ speaking, vegetables.严格来说，西红柿并不是蔬菜。She is very strict not only _ all of us, but _ all her own work.她不仅对我们所有人都很严格，对她自己的工作要求也很严格。答案：strictlywith; about/in第1段2Only_if you
13、 put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make_sense.(教材P7)只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。Onlyif从句剖析(1)此句为主从复合句。only if引导的条件状语从句置于句首，主句用倒装。(2)“only副词/介词短语/状语从句”置于句首时，句子/主句需用部分倒装。名师点津(1)若only修饰的是主语，即使放在句首句子也不用倒装。(2)“only状语从句”放句首，注意是倒装主句，而不是状语从句。Only one student is in the c
14、lassroom.只有一个学生在教室里。Only_then did she realize how much damage had been caused.只有在那时她才意识到造成了多么大的损失。Only_if a teacher gives permission is a student allowed to enter the room.只有得到老师的允许，学生才能进入这个房间。辨析：only if, if only【即景活用1】(1)单句语法填空(2016全国卷)Only after a year of friendly discussion _ Ms Garza finally say
15、 yes.答案：did(2)单句写作_ link the disease to drinking water will we draw such a conclusion.只有我们把这种疾病与饮用水联系起来，我们才能得出这样的结论。_ had another chance.要是我再有一次机会就好了。答案：Only if weIf only I make sense 讲得通；有道理；有意义This sentence doesnt make_any_sense.This sentence makes_no_sense.这个句子完全讲不通。He doesnt talk much, but what
16、he says makes_sense.他话不多，但言之有理。Can you make_sense_of what this author says?你能弄懂这位作家讲的话吗？【即景活用2】单句写作See, your computer has broken down again! _ (没有意义) to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.Planning so far ahead _ (没有意义)so many things will have changed by next year.Not until
17、 the teacher explained it again _ (我们才理解) the sentence. _ (做没意义) regretting what happened yesterday.答案：It doesnt make sensemakes no sensedid we make sense ofThere is no sense in第4段3He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with_the_planets_going_round_it_and_only_the_moon_still_going_r
18、ound_the_earth.(教材P7)他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。剖析此句为复杂的简单句。“with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth”为with复合结构，即“with宾语宾语补足语”，在句中作伴随状语。He left the classroom with the windows open.(形容词)他离开了教室，窗户还开着。The teacher came in, with a big smile on_his_face.(介
19、词短语)老师满脸笑容地走了进来。He is fat, with thick glasses on.(副词)他胖胖的，戴着厚厚的眼镜。All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.(过去分词)整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。With his eyes looking_into the sky, he lay on the grass.(现在分词)他躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。With so much work to_do,_he could not go home.(不定式)有那么多工作要做，他还不能回家。He died with his daug
20、hter yet a_schoolgirl.(名词)他去世时，女儿还是个学生。【即景活用】句型转换(用with复合结构)Spring is approaching, and everything comes to life._， everything comes to life.The girl sat there quite silent and still and her eyes were fixed on the wall.The girl sat there quite silent and still _.答案：With spring approachingwith her eye
21、s fixed on the wall4His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious.(教材P7)他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公之于世，而哥白尼却小心谨慎。enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的Mary seems very enthusiastic_about pop music.玛丽似乎很热衷于流行音乐。Shes very enthusiastic_to read the novels written by Mo Yan.她
22、非常喜欢读莫言的小说。【即景活用1】(1)单句语法填空Although shes a beginner, she played with great _ (enthusiastic)答案：enthusiasm(2)单句写作Im sure it will appeal to you, for youve been _ sports.我确信它会吸引你，因为你一直热衷于体育运动。Although shes a beginner, she played _.虽然她是个新手，但演奏时却充满了激情。答案：enthusiastic aboutwith great enthusiasmcautious adj
23、. 小心的；谨慎的；细心的He was_cautious_about committing himself to anything.他很谨慎，不轻易表态。She is_cautious_not_to_offend him.她小心不去得罪他。The old man stepped down the stairs with_caution.这位老人谨慎地下着楼梯。The teacher cautioned Tom never to_do it again.老师警告汤姆再也不要做那件事情。【即景活用2】单句语法填空People might be cautious _ believing this s
24、tatement.She _ (cautious) closed the door in order not to be heard by others.Dad always drives with _ (cautious)Mother cautioned me _ the icy road.答案：aboutcautiouslycautionabout第5段5The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against Gods idea and people who supported it would be attacked
25、.(教材P7)基督教教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，而支持这一理论的人都将受到攻击。reject vt. 拒绝(雇用、录取等)；不接受(提议、建议等)；抛弃；(因质量不好而)废弃The prime minister rejected any idea of reforming the system.首相对任何改革体制的想法都不予考虑。He has_been_rejected_by all the universities he applied to.他申请的所有大学都没有录取他。【即景活用】单句语法填空Mary _ (reject) Jacks request of coop
26、eration, for he was greedy and dishonest.Be prepared for lots of _ (reject) before you land a job.答案：rejectedrejections哥白尼的革命性理论尼古拉哥白尼被吓得心烦意乱的。虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，然而他所有的数学计算都得出了一个相同的结论：地球不是太阳系的中心。只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。他的这个理论可不能告诉任何人，因为即使他只暗示有这种想法，他都会受到强大的基督教教会势力的惩罚。教会认为世界是上帝创造的，正因为如此，地球就具有特殊的意
27、义，它必定要成为太阳系的中心。这样，问题就来了，因为天文学家以前发现过，天上有些行星停顿下来，往后移动，然后再成环状向前移动，而其他行星看上去有时亮些，有时又不怎么亮。如果地球是太阳系的中心，而所有行星环绕着地球转的话，那么这种现象就很奇怪了。哥白尼对这些问题曾经苦苦思索过很久，试图找出问题的答案。他曾经收集过观测星球的数据，并且利用他的全部数学知识来解释这些数据。但是只有他的新理论才能作出解释。于是，他在1510至1514年期间从事这项研究，逐步修改他的理论，直到他感到完善时为止。1514年，他把他的新理论私下里给他的朋友们看。他对旧理论的修改是具有革命性的。他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上
28、，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。他还提出地球在围绕太阳转的同时，它本身还自转，这样就说明了行星运动的变化情况以及星球的亮度问题。他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公之于世，而他却小心谨慎，他不想遭到基督教教会势力的攻击，所以他只是在1543年临终之前才把它公布出来。当然，他小心谨慎是对的。基督教教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，而支持这种理论的人都会受到攻击。然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙观赖以建立的基础。他的理论还改变了基督教对地心引力的看法，他们认为物体往地球上掉落是因为上帝创造了地球，而地球正是宇宙的中心。哥白尼表明这是明显错误的。如今人们可以看到，他的这些想
29、法与艾萨克牛顿、阿尔伯特爱因斯坦以及斯蒂芬霍金等人的研究都有着直接的联系。课后演练提能基础题.单词拼写1Be p_ about your future and get on with living a normal life.答案：positive2The earth moves every day, but we cant feel its m_ because we are living on it.答案：movement3In the past, cotton was usually s_ to make thread by hand.答案：spun4On the night of th
30、e f_ we had a really good spot.答案：fireworks5She walked past him without a b_ glance.答案：backward.选词填空1As she _ her children, they develop a good study habit.答案：is strict with2This test is obviously bad because it will _incorrect learning.答案：lead to3Read the sentence and tell me if it _.答案：makes sense
31、4_ you work hard can you expect to get a pay rise.答案：Only if5Tom _ making promises to us.答案：is cautious about6The fair weather _ the success of the voyage.答案：contributed to7_ the small cat, the poor boy had no one to talk with.答案：Apart from8Statement should be made _ facts.答案：on the basis of9The mat
32、ch took nearly three hours and was interrupted _ by rains.答案：at times10She tries to _ more _ her new job.答案：be; enthusiastic about.单句语法填空1With a lot of work _ (do), I wont be able to go on holiday.答案：to do2He set free the birds happily, _ was a celebration for his success.答案：which3Martha told me tha
33、t the _ (reject) plan was put forward by Mr Zhang at yesterdays meeting.答案：rejected4Only if you eat the correct food _ you be able to stay healthy.答案：will5She never lost her _ (enthusiastic) for teaching.答案：enthusiasm6You have every reason to be positive _ the future.答案：about7Prices of daily goods _
34、 (buy) through a computer can be lower than those in a store.答案：bought8We think the film _ (set) in the Middle Ages In Europe is worth seeing a second time.答案：set9Nobody wants to make friends with the boy _ (suspect) of having stolen money.答案：suspected10The music of the film _ (play) by him sounds s
35、o _ (excite)答案：played; exciting.单句写作1The new railway is still _.新铁路仍在修建之中。答案：under construction2_ their house in Beijing, they also have a villa in their hometown.他们在北京有一座房子，此外在故乡还有一座别墅。答案：Apart from3Is this the reason _ you _ our offer of help?这就是你拒绝我们帮助你的理由吗？答案：for which; rejected4Failure can _ yo
36、ur life once you learn to use it.一旦学会了利用失败，那么失败就能为你的人生作出积极的贡献。答案：make a positive contribution to5Only when he got home _ that his keys had been left on his working desk. 只有当他到家时，他才意识到钥匙忘在了办公桌上。答案：did he realize能力题.完形填空As a child, Bill was untidy. It has been said that in order to _1_ this, his mum d
37、rew up _2_ clothing plans for him. On Mondays he might go to school in blue . on Thursdays in black, and so on. Weekend meal _3_ might also be planned in detail.People around Bill _4_ that he was exceptional. One of his friends recalled, “He was _5_ the kind of kid you didnt want _6_ our team. We al
38、l knew Bill was _7_ than us. Even back then, when he was nine or ten years old, he talked like a(n) _8_ and could express himself in ways that none of us understood.”Bill was also well _9_ his classmates in mathematics and science. He needed to go to a school that _10_ him, Lakeside, an allboys scho
39、ol for _11_ students.Lakeside allowed students to go after their own _12_， to whatever extent they wished. The school _13_ itself on helping all its students to reach their _14_ potential. It was the ideal environment for someone like Bill Gates.During his time at Lakeside, Bill scored a(n) _15_ eig
40、ht hundred on a mathematics test. It was extremely important for him to get this gradehe had to take the _16_ more than once in order to do it.Computer time was expensive and, because he was anxious to get more _17_ and because Bill already had an understanding _18_ what he could achieve _19_， he de
41、cided to _20_ a company: The Lakeside Programmers Group. “Lets call the real world and try to sell something to it！” Bill announced.篇章导读：本文是一篇人物介绍，主要介绍比尔盖茨在求学期间展示出来的独特的聪明和与众不同的特质，这正好成就了他的传奇互联网事业。1A.balance Bkeep Cwatch Dcontrol答案：Abalance “平衡”；keep “保持”；watch “观看”；control “控制”。句意：为了平衡这一点，他的妈妈为他起草了每周
42、的穿衣计划。故选A。2A.certain Bstrict Cweekly Dtimely答案：Ccertain “肯定的”；strict “严格的”；weekly “每周的”；timely “及时的”。根据下一句“On Mondays he might go to school in blue . on Thursdays in black”可知，是每周的穿衣计划，故答案为C。3A.dishes Bconferences Cplaces Dschedules答案：Ddish “菜”；conference “会议”；place “地方”；schedule “安排，日程表”。句意：周末的饭餐安排也
43、都是详细计划好的。故答案为D。4A.saw Bdiscussed Cconfused Drecognized答案：Dsaw “看见”；discussed “讨论”； confused “使困惑”；recognized “认识，认出”。句意：Bill周围的人开始认识到他不同寻常了。故选D。5A.ever Bnever Cseldom Dalways答案：Bever “曾经”；never “永不”；seldom “很少”；always “总是”。由第8空所在句子可知Bill是一个具有特殊才能的孩子，故此处表示他绝不是那种你不想让他成为我们团队一员的孩子。故选B。6A.for Bon Camong
44、Dagainst答案：B此处为固定用法：on the team “成为团队的一员”。故选B。7A.smarter BolderCstronger Dbraver答案：Asmarter “更聪明”；older “更老”；stronger “更强壮”；braver “更勇敢”。句意：我们都知道Bill比我们更聪明。根据后一句“. could express himself in ways that none of us understood”可知，此处是描述Bill很聪明。故选A。8A.child Bteacher Cadult Dman答案：Cchild “孩子”；teacher “老师”；ad
45、ult “成年人”；man “男人”。句意：他八九岁的时候就像个成年人一样，并能以我们不理解的方式去表达自己。故选C。9A.back off Bfar from Cahead of Dmore than答案：Cback off “后退”；far from “远离”；ahead of “在之前，比超前”；more than “超过”。句意：Bill也在数学和科学方面远超他的同学。故选C。10A.defeated Bchallenged Centertained Dmonitored答案：Bdefeated “打败”；challenged “挑战”；entertained “娱乐”；monitor
46、ed “监视”。句意：他需要去一个能够挑战他的学校，Lakeside，一个全是杰出超常学生的男校。故选B。11A.exceptional Brich Cordinary Dspecial答案：Aexceptional “例外的；杰出的”；rich “富裕的”；ordinary “普通的”；special “特别的”。由下一段对Lakeside学校的描述可知，该校的学生均是杰出的、智力超群的孩子，故答案为A。12A.friends Bvalues Ccareers Dinterests答案：Dfriends “朋友”；values “价值”；careers “职业”；interests “兴趣”
47、。句意：Lakeside学校允许学生追随他们自己的兴趣。故答案为D。13A.looked Bopened Cprided Dtricked答案：Clooked “看”；opened “打开”；prided “以为傲”；tricked “欺骗”。句意：学校以帮助所有学生来充分发挥他们的潜力为傲。故选C。14A.deep Bsacred Cfull Drich答案：Cdeep “深的”；sacred “害怕的”；full “满的，充分的”；rich “富有的”。根据上题题意可知，答案为C。15A.logical Btough Cimaginary Dperfect答案：Dlogical “逻辑的”
48、；tough “艰难的”；imaginary “想象的”；perfect “完美的”。Bill在一次数学考试中获得了一个完美的八百分。故选D。16A.test Blesson Ctask Dmeasure答案：Atest “考试”；lesson “课程”；task “任务”；measure “措施”。句意：这样的考试他必须要参加多次才能有这样一个结果。故选A。17A.time Bfund Chelp Dgrade答案：Atime “时间”；fund “资金”；help “帮助”；grade “分数”。根据前一句的提示“Computer time”可知，此处填time。句意：他急切地想获得更多的
49、时间。故选A。18A.to Bof Cfrom Dbehind答案：Bto “对于”；of “的”；from “从”；behind “后面”。句意：因为Bill已经对他经济上能获得的东西有了理解，也就是他洞察到学电脑在经济上会有所收益。故选B。19A.psychologically BfinanciallyCwisely Duniversally答案：Bpsychologically “心理学上地”；financially “经济地”；wisely “明智地”；universally “普遍地”。根据后面说他决定成立公司可知，应该是经济上会有所收益，故答案为B。20A.pick up Btak
50、e up Csend up Dset up答案：Dpick up “捡起”；take up “从事”；send up “发送”；set up “建立”。句意：他决定建立一个公司。故选D。.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2019兰州一中高三月考)Before going outside in the morning, many of us check a window thermometer (温度计) for the temperature. This helps us decide what to wear. _1_ We want
51、 our food to be a certain coldness in the refrigerator. We want it a certain hotness in the oven. If we dont feel well, we use a thermometer to see if we have a fever. We keep our rooms a certain warmth in the winter and a certain coolness in the summer.Not all the thermometers use the same system t
52、o measure temperature. We use a system called the Fahrenheit scale. But most other countries use the Centigrade scale.Both systems use the freezing and boiling points of water as their guide. _2_The most common kind of thermometer is made with mercury (水银) inside a clear glass tube. As mercury (or a
53、ny other liquid) becomes hot, it expands. As it gets colder, it contracts (收缩). That is why on hot days the mercury line is high in the glass tube. _3_First. Take a clear glass juice bottle that has a cap; fill the bottle with coloured water. Tap a hole in the center of the cap using a hammer and th
54、ick nail. Put the cap on the jar. Then stick a plastic straw through the nail hole._4_Finally. Place a white card on the outside of the bottle and behind the straw. Now you can see the water level easily._5_As the temperature goes down, the water will contract, and the level in the straw will come d
55、own. Perhaps you will want to keep a record of the water level in the straw each morning for a week.AWe use and depend on thermometers to measure the temperature of many other things in our daily lives.BThermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in the same way when they are he
56、ated or cooled.CNow that you know this rule you can make a thermometer of your own that will work.DThe water will rise in the straw. As the temperature of the air goes up, the water will expand and rise even higher.EThey label these in different ways. On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degr
57、ees and boils at 212 degrees. On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees.FTake wax (you may use an old candle if you have one) and melt some of it right where the straw is struck into the cap to seal (把粘住) them together.GPeople use thermometers which are made by themsel
58、ves when travelling around the world.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了温度计在人们日常生活中的应用及如何自制简易温度计。1A由上下文可知，此处陈述我们日常生活中很多其他情况下也需要用温度计来测量温度，故A正确。2E从上文可知，温度计分华氏温标和摄氏温标两种方式计量温度，选项E进一步介绍了这两种温度计量方式冰点和沸点的不同，故正确答案是E。3C本段前一部分介绍了温度计的设计和工作原理，下文“First . Finally .”详细描述了制造一个能够起到计量温度作用的温度计的步骤，所以C符合文意。4F根据设空处前一句的内容可推断此处应说明如何把吸管粘到瓶盖上，故F符合语境。5D由设空处上一句尤其是下一句内容可判断此处说明水位在吸管中上升的情况，故选D。