1、Unit 4Body language必备知识盘点夯基 BI BEI ZHI SHI PAN DIAN HANG JI单词立体巧记写准记牢语境运用核心单词1_dormitory_ n宿舍2_major_ adj主要的3_approach_ vt& vi接近；走近；靠近n接近；方法；途径4_likely_ adj可能的5_hug_vi& vt拥抱6_function_n作用；功能；职能vi起作用；运转7_represent_ vt代表；象征8_canteen_ n食堂9_ease_ n安逸；舒适vt减轻(痛苦、忧虑)10_adult_ n成年人11_rank_ n等级；军衔12_dash_ vi
2、猛冲；突进1As an _adult_(成年人), you should be responsible for your own decisions2Generally speaking, those young people who come from the rich family or high _rank_(等级) are well educated from an early age 3We have planned two _major_(主要的) activities for the morning One is climbing the hill, and the other
3、is riding horses 4With the summer holidays _approaching_ (approach), some of the students begin to make plans for their holidays 5Last week, Li Ming and I _representing_ (represent)our school attended a competition and won a second place 6My cellphone has many _functions_ (function), but I usually u
4、se it to call and send messages7When told it was time to leave, the two girls _hugged_(hug) each other and said goodbye 8We were having a meeting when Johnson came _dashing_(dash) in with a piece of paper in his hand拓展单词1_statement_ n陈述；说明_state_v陈述；说明2_greet_ vi& vt迎接；问候_greeting_ n问候；招呼3_associati
5、on_ n社团；联系；联想_associate_ vt把联系起来4_curious_ adj好奇的 _curiously_ adv好奇地_curiosity_ n好奇；好奇心5_defend_ vt保护；保卫_defence_ n防御；保卫6 _misunderstand_ vt误解；误会_misunderstanding_n误解；误会7_spoken_ adj口语的_unspoken_ adj(反义词)未说出口的；非口语的8_anger_ n怒气；怒火_angry_ adj生气的9_truly_ adv真实地；真诚地；真正地_true_ adj真实的_truth_ n真实；真理1The _c
6、urious_ boy looked at the box _curiously_ and then he opened it out of _curiosity_(curious)2To tell you the _truth_，Im _truly_ grateful for your helping me make my dream come _true_(true)3In time of war, lots of money will be spent on _defence_ and many measures will be taken to _defend_ a country f
7、rom being attacked (defend)4Entering a supermarket, I was warmly _greeted_ by the greengrocer (果菜商) His cheery _greetings_ made me feel at home (greet)5I wouldnt want to be _associated_ with the illegal _association_ (associate)6He _stated_ the other day that the _statement_ was not made by him (sta
8、te)联想积累：1形容词变为副词去掉字母e加y或ly荟萃truetrulypossiblepossiblycomfortablecomfortablygentlegentlysimplesimply2常见“人体部位及器官”名词荟萃cheek 面颊forehead 额头chest 胸部shoulder 肩膀throat 喉咙3常见学校设施名称dormitory 宿舍canteen 食堂auditorium 礼堂library 图书馆laboratory 实验室短语语境助记写准记牢语境运用1_be curious about_对感到好奇2_defendfrom/against_保卫以免受；防御3_
9、on the contrary_ 相反地4_be likely to_很可能；有希望5_in general_ 总的来说；通常6_get close to_接近；靠近7_as if_好像8_at ease_舒适；快活；自由自在9_turn ones back to_背对；背弃10_lose face_丢脸语境运用1He planned to learn Kongfu in the summer holidays so that he can _defend_ himself _from/against_ being attacked2All computers, no matter how a
10、dvanced they are, _are likely to_ be affected by faults and bugs3In American culture, the smile is _in general_ an expression of pleasure4When children are in a familiar environment, they will feel _at ease_ and perform well5Li Ming feels he will _lose face_ in front of his classmates if he doesnt a
11、nswer the question correctly6Ye Ming _turned his back_ to Susan so that she couldnt see the tears in his eyes句式运用速记背会原句知晓考点我会仿用1The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅史密斯。thr first/second等序数词名词，其后应用动词不定式作
12、后置定语。1(全国卷)1931年，Addams成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。In 1931, Addams became the first American woman _to win_ the Nobel Peace Prize2Being respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture根据各自的文化，待人礼貌是主观的。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。2当自己没做错事时被别人误解是个不愉快的经历。_Being mistaken_ by others when you do nothing wrong at a
13、ll is quite a bad experience3However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。be likely to do sth“有可能做某事”。3如果你努力学习，你很有可能考入理想的大学。If you study hard, you _are likely to be adm
14、itted to_ your dreaming university4We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do!尽管我们常常会彼此误解，但我们仍能做到彼此理解，这真是件令人惊奇的事啊！It作形式主语，真正的主语为that从句4中国在教育和技术方面取得了如此巨大的进步，这是一件令人惊讶的事情。_It is an amazing thing that_ China had made such great advanc
15、ement in education and technology核心素养精讲层练 HE XIN SU YANG JING JIANG CENG LIAN1represent vt代表；象征；描绘；说明；声称词汇拓展representative n代表adj典型的；有代表性的用法归纳(1)representas/to be宣称为；把描绘成representto sb向某人说明/传达某事(2)stand for代表；象征(往往用来表示“字母、数字、符号”等代表/象征)on behalf of sb(on ones behalf)为了某人；代表某人(作状语)represent sb代表某人(作谓语
16、)层级训练夯基写出下列句中represent的含义。He was chosen to represent the company at the conference_代表_He represented himself as a friend of the workers, but now we know the truth_声称_Statue of Liberty represents democracy and freedom of American culture_象征_The painting represents the scene of a good harvest_描绘_提能单句写
17、作。(2019全国卷书面表达)_Representing our school_，Im more than delighted to inform you of some detailed information so that you can _make full preparations for the coming volleyball game_非常高兴代表我校告知你有关即将到来的排球比赛一些具体事宜，以至于你能做好充足的准备。2approach vt接近；靠近n方法；途径；道路归纳拓展(1)an approach to的方法/通道(to是介词)at the approach of在快
18、要来临的时候(2)approach sth/sb接近，靠近某物/某人withapproaching随着的临近名师点津(1)approach表示“接近；靠近”时，为不可数名词；表示“处理；对待的方法；途径”时，为可数名词，其后常与介词to搭配。(2)表示“(做)事情的方法”的搭配有：the approach to(doing) sththe way to do/of(doing) sththe means of(doing) sththe method of(doing) sth(3)注意以下不同的介词搭配：with this method/in this way/by this means。层
19、级训练夯基单句语法填空。(全国卷)_Approaching_ (approach) the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken windowThe job market has changed and our approaches to _finding_ (find) work must change as wellAll the _approaches_ (approach) to the airport were blocked by the police yesterday夯基单句改错。H
20、e adopted a new approach to teach English and it proved effective_teachteaching_提能一句多译。(2017天津卷书面表达)随着高考的临近，我几乎把所有的时间都花在学习上。_With the College Entrance Examination approaching_，I spend almost all the time on study(with复合结构)_As the College Entrance Examination is approaching_，I spend almost all the ti
21、me on study(时间状语从句)3curious adj好奇的词汇拓展curiosity n好奇；好奇心用法归纳(1)be curious about 对好奇be curious to do sth很想做；急于做It is curious that 奇怪的是(2)out of curiosity出于好奇satisfy/meet ones curiosity 满足某人的好奇心in/with curiositycuriously 好奇地层级训练夯基单句语法填空。(北京高考)In high school, I became curious _about_ the computer, and b
22、uilt my first website(浙江高考书面表达)They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our _curiosity_(curious) about scientific discoveriesHe came to the big city for the first time and _curiously_(curious) began looking all around提能单句写作。(全国卷书面表达)此外，(介绍)美国高中生的生活是一个好的选择，因为中国学生对美国学生的校园生活感到好奇。Besid
23、es, the life of American high school students is a good choice because _Chinese students are curious about_ American students school life4defend vt保卫；保护词汇拓展defence n防御；保卫defensive adj防御性的；自我保护的用法归纳(1)defend sb/sthagainst/from保护某人/某物免受defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫(2)in defence of为了保卫legal defence正当自卫层级训练夯基
24、单句语法填空。As far as Im concerned, students should be trained _to defend_ (defend) themselves against some attacksWhen a dog attacked me, I picked up a stick to defend _myself_ (I)The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in _defence_ (defend) of their country提能单句写作。It is the nature of parents
25、to do all they can to _defend their children from _ harm and danger 父母会竭尽全力保护孩子们免受伤害和危险是天性。5ease n安逸；舒适vt减轻(痛苦、忧虑等)归纳拓展(1)with ease容易地；不费力地at ease舒适；悠闲；自在put/set sb at ease使某人放松/自在feel/look at ease感到/看上去心情放松stand at ease稍息(2)ease ones mind使某人安心ease sb of sth减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)层级训练夯基单句语法填空。The news that he
26、r son was safe finally eased her _of_ anxiety提能用ease相关短语的适当形式填空。Anne was intelligent and capable of passing her exams _with ease_(容易地)Her mind was _at ease_(放松) and she felt confident with the futureWhen you feel nervous, youd better listen to some light music to _put/set yourself at ease_ (让自己放松)Th
27、e news that her child was safe _eased her mind_(让她安心)6lose face丢脸；丢面子归纳拓展(1)save face保全面子make a face做个鬼脸face to face面对面(作状语)face-to-face面对面的in (the) face of sth面对(问题、困难、危险等)to ones face当着某人的面(2)be faced with 面对层级训练夯基完成句子。Youd better make great efforts to achieve it, otherwise you will _lose face_你最好
28、全力以赴去实现它，否则你会颜面尽失的。Rather than admit failure, Frank _made a face_ in order to _save his face_弗兰克为了保全面子，没有承认失败，而是做了个鬼脸。提能一句多译。面对困难时，他们从不放弃而是努力寻找出路。(face)_Faced with difficulties_，they never give up but try their best to find a way out_Facing difficulties_，they never give up but try their best to find
29、 a way out_In the face of difficulties_，they never give up but try their best to find a way out7in general总的来说；通常归纳拓展(1)general knowledge 常识as a general rule一般而言；通常(2)generally adv一般地；通常地generally speaking通常来说；总的来说(在句中作插入语)(3)on the whole in a wordin shortin briefall in allto sum up总的来说层级训练夯基单句语法填空。
30、Were trying to raise awareness about the environment _in_ general and air pollution in particular_As_ a general rule, the more expensive the computer is, the better it is提能一句多译。(2018全国卷书面表达)一般来说，你不应晚于安排好的时间到达。_Generally speaking_，your arrival shouldnt be later than the fixed time_In general_，you sho
31、uldnt arrive later than the fixed time8The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱丽娅史密斯。归纳拓展to arrive是不定式作后置定语。(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，next，only，last等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。(2)动词不定式作定语常用来修饰抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，ambi
32、tion，offer，anxiety，answer，attempt，way等。(3)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具，不定式后面须加相应的介词。层级训练夯基单句语法填空。My mother is the first woman in her village _to receive_ (receive) high educationAs far as I know, Amy was the only person _to witness_ (witness) the car accidentThe ability _to express_ (e
33、xpress) an idea is as important as the idea itself提能单句写作。(2018浙江卷写作)I can speak fluent English and I am _the first student in my class to go abroad_ for further study我能说一口流利的英语，我是班上第一个出国深造的学生。高效演练素能提升 GAO XIAO YAN LIAN SU NENG TI SHENG单句语法填空1(2019北京卷)These developments are likely _to make_ (make)our
34、 current problems with robotcalls much worse解析：be likely to do “可能做”。2_Having spent_(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：琳达，一名交换生，过去的一年是在香港度过的，因此她看上去比同龄人更成熟。分析句子结构可知，主语Linda与spend之间是主动关系，需用现在分词作原因状语；再根据句中的关键词the past
35、year可知，spend这一动作已经发生了，所以用现在分词的完成式形式having spent。3(天津卷，9)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，_making_(make) air conditioning unnecessary解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，使得没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果。因此用现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果；不定式也可以作结果状语，但是那是出乎意料的结果。4A good listener takes part in the conversation, _o
36、ffering_(offer) ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing解析：句意：一个好的聆听者要参与交谈，给出自己的想法、提出问题以使谈话顺畅进行。5I took my driving license with me on holiday, _in_ case I wanted to hire a car解析：考查连词短语。句意：度假时我随身携带驾驶证以备租车之需。6Wed better discuss everything _in_detail before we work out the plan解析：句意：我们最好在制订
37、计划之前详细地讨论一切事情。in detail“详细地”。7_Approaching_(approach) the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height解析：句意：靠近城市中心时，我们看见一座大约10米高的石雕。逻辑主语we与approach之间是主动关系，且approach与saw几乎同时发生。故需用现在分词一般式形式Approaching作时间状语。8Stephen was chosen _to represent_(represent) the company at the conference解析
38、：句意：Stephen被选出代表公司参加会议。9Studies show that people who like sitting in the office for hours without a break are more likely _to suffer_(suffer) from back problems解析：句意：研究表明，喜欢长时间坐在办公室里不休息的人更可能得背部疾病。句型sbbe likely to do sth“某人可能做某事”。10The old couple, _having_ lived in the small village for years，can tel
39、l the names of all the villagers解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，主语The old couple和live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且句中有表示完成时间的时间状语for years，因此用live的现在分词的完成式having (lived)作原因状语。11I know its normal for such a thing to happen, but we _could/might/would/should have avoided_(avoid) it if wed been more careful解析：考查虚拟语气用于if条件状语从句。句意：我知
40、道发生这样的事情是正常的，但如果我们更小心一点儿的话，这样的事是可以避免的。根据句中的“if wed been more careful”可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故用could/might/would/should have done结构。12At the conference, political leaders from many countries promised to work together to defend the world _against_ terrorism and other threats解析：句意：会议上，来自多个国家的政治领导人承诺携手保护全球免受
41、恐怖活动和其他威胁的伤害。defendagainst“保护免受的伤害”。13He should have been warned of the dangerSo he _was_(be), but he wouldnt listen to me解析：考查固定句型。根据答句可知，后者赞同前者的话。此处强调的是发生在过去的客观事实，因此应用so he was。14Today there are more airplanes _carrying_(carry) more people than ever before in the skies解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：现在天空中比以前有更多的飞机搭
42、载乘客。分析结构可知，此处是there be结构，主语more airplanes后接了非谓语动词；并且，airplanes与carry之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词作定语。15Toms still angry with meYou are _to blame_(blame)How dare you call him a liar! Hes the last person _to lie_(lie)解析：考查固定句型和非谓语动词。sbbe to blame“某人应对(过错、罪行)负责”，名词前有序数词，the last等词修饰时，该名词后接不定式作定语。单句改错1As far as Im co
43、ncerned, his performance is true entertaining_truetruly_2The best approach to build up your body is to do exercise every day_buildbuilding_3My parents will be angry at me if I get home late_atwith_4She is in Beijing University, majors in English Literature _majorsmajoring或majors前加and_5Mountain-climb
44、ing is great fun Youll get closely to nature and take exercise at the same time_closelyclose_6Leave the less important things until tomorrow is often acceptable_LeaveLeaving_单句写作1为了捍卫国家的尊严，他牺牲了自己的生命。(defend)_He died in order to defend the honour of his nation_2在第二次世界大战期间，他由一名上尉逐步晋升为将军。(rank)_During
45、World War ， he rose gradually from the rank of captain to general_3这里一定有什么误会，我不知道你在说什么。(misunderstanding)_There must be some misunderstandings I dont know what you are talking about_4众所周知，孩子对周围的一切充满了好奇心。(curiosity)_As we all know，children are full of curiosity about everything around them_5我儿子高兴地对我说
46、他是他们班第三个完成作业并且唯一得满分的人。(动词不定式作后置定语)_My son told me gladly that he was the third person to finish his homework and the only one to get full marks in their class_语篇填空Yesterday, another student and I, _1representing_(represent) our universitys student association, went to the Capital International Airpo
47、rt _2to meet_(meet) this years international students to Beijing University After half _3an_ hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around _4curiously_(curious)The first person _5to arrive_(arrive) was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely
48、followed by Julia Smith from Britain Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her _6on_ the cheek! She stepped back as if in _7defence_(defend)I guessed that there was probably a major _8misunderstanding_(misunderstand)_9As_ I get to know more international friends, Ive learned that in
49、 general, _10studying_(study) international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in todays world of cultural crossroads话题写作用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文假设你是某中学的学生会主席李华。上周，你校邀请美国某大学的史密斯教授来校做了一场关于各国身势语的专题讲座。请你代表你校全体学生，用英语给他写一封感谢信。补充要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)我代表我校全体学生，感谢您上周所做的关于身体语言的讲座。(现在分词作状语)_Representing
50、every student of our school_，Im writing to convey our appreciation to you for _the lecture concerning body language _ you gave us last week你的讲座不仅给我们留下了很深的印象而且拓宽了我们的视野。_Your lecture has not only left a deep impression on us but also broadened our horizons_通过讲座，我们知道各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体语言也不同。Through
51、 the lecture, we learned that _not all cultures greet people in the same way_ nor a gesture means the same“好的”手势在巴西是粗鲁的，摇头在某些国家意味着“是”，这都是我们以前所不知道的。_The gesture for OK_ is rude in Brazil and _shaking ones head means “yes” in some countries _，which we have never known before我们相信这些知识在我们与来自其他文化的人们交流时非常有
52、益。We are convinced that the knowledge will be very beneficial when we_communicate with people from other cultures_在交流中有可能有误解。_There are likely to be some misunderstandings in communication_升级平淡句1利用倒装句式升级句_Not only has your lecture left a deep impression on us but also broadened our horizons_2利用状语从句的
53、省略升级句_We are convinced that the knowledge will be very beneficial when communicating with people from other cultures_衔接成美文(请利用适当的过渡衔接词汇，如in a word, for example，otherwise等) _Dear Professor Smith， Representing every student of our school，Im writing to convey our appreciation to you for the lecture con
54、cerning body language you gave us last week In a word, not only has your lecture left a deep impression on us but also broadened our horizons Through the lecture, we learned that not all cultures greet people in the same way nor a gesture means the same For example, the gesture for OK is rude in Bra
55、zil and shaking ones head means “yes” in some countries, which we have never known before We are convinced that the knowledge will be very beneficial when communicating with people from other cultures Otherwise, there are likely to be some misunderstandings in communication Thanks again for your wonderful lecture_Yours，_Li Hua_