1、Unit 2Working the land必备知识盘点夯基 BI BEI ZHI SHI PAN DIAN HANG JI单词立体巧记写准记牢语境运用核心单词1_decade_n十年；十年期2_soil_n土壤3_export_vt& vi输出；出口4_regret_ vt遗憾；惋惜n遗憾；懊悔5_comment_ n评论；议论vi& vt表达意见；作出评论6_focus_n焦点；中心点vt集中；聚焦7_therefore_ adv因此；所以；因而8_reduce_vt减少；减缩9_struggle_ vi& n斗争；拼搏；努力10_expand_vt& vi使变大；伸展11_grain_
2、n谷物；粮食；颗粒12_battle_n战斗；战役1Health and environmental problems have increasingly become the _focus_ (焦点) of concern2(2020全国卷)Glowing plants could reduce this distance and _therefore_(因此)help save energy3The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to _struggle_ (努力) to be heard4I _regretted
3、_ (遗憾) to tell you that I cant travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed time5Miss Li went through my composition and made some useful _comments_ (comment) about it 6According to the doctor, people should eat less fat to _reduce_ (reduce) the risk of some diseases 7_Expanding_ (expand) yo
4、ur knowledge by reading more books is a wise choice8Its said that the clothes produced in this factory are mainly _exported_(export) to other countries拓展单词1_hunger_n饥饿；欲望vt& vi(使)饥饿_hungry_ adj饥饿的；渴望得到的2_equip_ vt& vi配备；装备_equipment_ n设备(不可数)3_export_ vt& vi输出；出口_import_ (反义词)vt& vi输入；进口 4_confuse_
5、vt使迷惑；使为难_confusing_ adj令人迷惑的_confused_ adj感到迷惑的_confusion_ n迷惑5_discovery_n发现_discover_ v 发现6_nationality_n 国籍_nation_ n国家；民族_national_ adj民族的7_personality_n性格；人格_personal_ adj个人的_personally_ adv亲自地；就自己而言8_freedom_n自由；自主_free_ adj自由的9_disturb_ v 打扰；妨碍；使不安_disturbing_ adj引起烦恼的；令人不安的_disturbed_adj烦恼的
6、；不安的1He was really _confused_ by the _confusing_ problem which also _confused_ other people for a long time(confuse)2Our school offers good_ equipment_ and you will be well _equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job(equip) 3_Disturbing_ news came that the virus spread quickly, which mad
7、e us rather _disturbed_(disturb)4Madam Curie _discovered_ Radium, and many scientists were surprised at her _discovery_ at that time (discover)5Women have gained the _freedom_ to decide whether to marry or not, and they are _free_ to choose their jobs at present (free) 6Owing to the great _hunger_，a
8、 great number of _hungry_ children died (hungry)联想积累：1常见的连接性副词汇总therefore 因此；所以；因而thus 因此；因而furthermore 此外；而且consequently 因此，所以moreover 而且；此外nevertheless 不过；仍然2“评论”名词知多少comment 评论；议论remark 评论review 回顾；复习；评论criticism 批评statement 声明；陈述3加后缀-ment构成的名词面面观equipequipment 装备developdevelopment 发展movemovement
9、 移动establishestablishment 建立employemployment 雇用短语语境助记写准记牢语境运用1_thanks to_ 幸亏；由于；因为2_ridof_使摆脱或除去3_be satisfied with_对感到满意4_would rather_ 宁愿；宁可5_build up_逐渐增强；建立；开发6_lead to_导致；造成(后果)7_focus on_集中(注意力、精力等)于8_be rich in_ 盛产9_keepfree from/of_使免受(影响、伤害等)；使不含(有害物)10_keep on_继续做某事语境运用1_Thanks to_ the hig
10、h-speed trains，we can go around all over the country more conveniently2It is not easy for Jack to _rid_ himself _of_ the bad habit of smoking3The amazed look on the English teachers face suggested that she _was satisfied with_ our performance 4(2020新高考卷阅读)Take the fear out of public speaking by _foc
11、using on_ your listeners5People from all walks of life should build a society where they _keep_ their children _free from/of_ violence6He learned later that it was his carelessness that _ led to_his failure in the exam 句式运用速记背会原句知晓考点我会仿用1If so, what did you do to grow them?如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？if so意为
12、“如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式。1(全国卷书面表达)你愿意加入我们校乒乓球队吗？如果愿意，请尽快给我发邮件。Would you like to join our school table tennis team? _If so_，please email me as soon as possible2He would much rather keep time for his hobbies他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。would rather(not) do sth“宁愿(不)做”。2我今晚宁愿待在家里看点书。I would rather _stay at hom
13、e and_ do some reading this evening3In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output1973年，他成了世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。the first/last/best/right/only/verynto do sth“第一个/最后一个/最好的一个/合适的/唯一的/恰好的做某事的人/物”。3(2018全国卷，书面表达)重要的是，老人是第一个品尝餐桌上美食的人，因为在中国老人受尊重。Most import
14、antly, the elderly are _the first to taste the delicious food_served on the table because they are well respected in China4This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量。“make itadj动词不定式”结构。4(浙江卷)被称为荷尔蒙的身体的化学物质的变化不仅使青少年的身体出现成人特
15、征，而且使青少年在晚上11点前难以入睡。Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers bodies develop adult characteristics, but also _make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep_ before 11 pm核心素养精讲层练 HE XIN SU YANG JING JIANG CENG LIAN1struggle vi& n 斗争；拼搏；努力归纳拓展(1)struggle for为斗争struggle agai
16、nst/with 同作斗争struggle to do sth努力做某事(2)struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来层级训练夯基单句语法填空。Despite his terrible injuries, he wouldnt give up the struggle _for_ lifeTo get an education, he was struggling _against/with_ many difficulties(北京高考)Because a college community (群体) differs from the family, many student
17、s will struggle _to find_(find) a sense of belonging夯基完成句子。Bravely, Mary _struggled to her feet_，and fought against the wind and rain beating against her玛丽勇敢地挣扎着站起来，同扑向她的暴风雨搏斗着。提能单句写作。(湖南高考书面表达)海伦凯勒19个月大时就变得又聋又瞎了，但她从不放弃并努力过积极的生活。Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old, but she
18、never gave up and _struggled to lead/live an active life_2equip vt (equipped, equipped) 配备；装备词汇拓展equipment n装备；设备(不可数名词)用法归纳(1)equipwith用装备(表动作)be equipped with装备着(表状态)equipfor sth/to do sth为了(做)某事而装备be well/poorly equipped设备精良的/差的(2)a piece of equipment一件设备温馨提示equipment为equip的名词形式，意为“设备”“器材”，是不可数名词
19、，表示“一件”这一数量时，其前加a piece of；类似用法的有：furniture，luggage，baggage，jewellery等。层级训练夯基单句语法填空。We want our son to have a good education that will equip him _for_ future lifePlease equip yourself _with_ a sharp pencil and a rubber for the examIf it were not for the modern _equipment_ (equip), such experiments w
20、ould not be able to be performed提能完成句子。Our school _is equipped with_ much advanced _equipment_ bought from abroad我们学校配备有许多从国外购买的先进设备。3confuse vt使迷惑；使为难；使混乱；混淆词汇拓展confused adj 困惑的；烦恼的confusing adj令人费解的；使人困惑的confusion n困惑用法归纳confusewith/and把与混淆；辨别不清be confused by被弄混；糊涂层级训练夯基单句语法填空。I always confuse Joh
21、n _with_ his brother; they are so much alikeThere was a _confused_ look on his face when he met with a _confusing_ problems(confuse)提能单句写作。(2018江苏卷书面表达)For example, there are huge amounts of reference books which I am often _confused to choose from_例如，有大量的参考书，我经常会对选择感到困惑。4regret vt遗憾；后悔n 遗憾；懊悔；遗憾的事归
22、纳拓展(1)regret doing/having done sth后悔做了某事regret to say/tell/informthat遗憾地说/告诉/通知(2)(much) to ones regret/to ones (great) regret 使某人(非常)遗憾的是with regret遗憾地巧学助记I regretted to tell him that he had been dismissedTo my surprise，he said to me，“I have no regretsI only regret having taken the wrong job”我遗憾地告诉
23、他他被解雇了。使我惊奇的是，他对我说：“我没有什么遗憾。我唯一后悔的是选错了工作。”层级训练夯基单句语法填空。I regret _leaving_(leave) the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefullyI regret _to tell_(tell) you that your problems are beyond my power Youll have to turn to some other one, Im afraid_To_ my great regret, we have no mu
24、ch time left to discuss the problem提能一句多译。(山东高考书面表达)我很遗憾地告诉你我不能在约定的时间和你去北京了。_I regret to tell you that I cant_ go to Beijing with you at appointed time(regret vt)Much to my _regret_，I cant go to Beijing with you at appointed time(regret n)5focus n焦点；中心vt集中；聚焦归纳拓展(1)focus on/upon集中(注意力、精力等)于focus one
25、s attention/eyes/energy on把注意力/目光/精力集中在focuson把聚集在上面(2)adjust the focus调整焦点/焦距in focus对准焦距out of focus没对准焦距，模糊the focus of attention/concern注意力/关注的焦点层级训练夯基单句语法填空。(2019浙江卷写作)High-quality praise should focus _on/upon_ childrens efforts, rather than on resultsWith his attention _focused_ (focus) on his
26、 homework, he forgot all about what I had told himWith so many people _focusing_ (focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous提能单句写作。(福建高考书面表达)这表明当今社会的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that _children are the focus of families_，shouldering the hope of their parents6lead
27、 to导致；造成；通往归纳拓展lead sbto do sth使某人做某事lead sbto a place带领某人去某地lead the way领路lead sb by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走lead/live a life过着生活温馨提示lead to中的to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。表示导致的短语还有：result in，contribute to，bring about等。层级训练夯基单句语法填空。(湖北高考短文写作)Questioning can lead to_searching _(search)for an answerThe discovery of
28、 new evidence led to the thiefs _being caught_(catch)In class I will divide the students into small groups and lead them _to practice_(practice) speaking English in an interesting wayDiligence is the path _leading_(lead) to happiness提能一句多译。众所周知，成功在于努力，然而懒惰导致失败。As we all know, success lies in hard wo
29、rk _while laziness leads to failure_It is well-known that success lies in hard work _while laziness results in failure_(result)What is well-known to us is that success lies in hard work _while failure results from laziness_(result)7build up 逐渐增强；增强的体质；建立；创办；开发；聚集；积累归纳拓展pick up 捡起；(无意中)学会；接收take up 拿
30、起；开始；从事hang up 挂起来；挂断电话dress up 穿上盛装；打扮make up 虚构；弥补；组成show up 出现；露面bring up 抚养；教养break up 分裂；打碎层级训练夯基写出下列句中build up的含义。For one thing, it not only helps to build up our physical health, but helps us learn more effectively in turn_增强的体质_He devoted himself to building up the ruined country_建立_Dont let
31、 your anger build up, which is harmful to your health_积累_His confidence built up gradually as he gained more and more experience in teaching_逐渐增强_提能选用up短语填空。It didnt take me long to_pick up_the basic knowledge of the languageWe were_dressed up_for the party but she was still in her ordinary clothesM
32、any retired people_take up_gardening as a hobby8If so，what did you do to grow them?如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？归纳拓展if so“如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。when, whenever, though, although, unless等连词也常见于省略句结构中。if构成的其他省略形式：if any如果有的话if possible如果可能的话if necessary如果必要的话if ever如果有过的话(曾经发生)层级训练夯
33、基完成句子。Is anybody feeling cold? _If not_，let us open the windows!有人感到冷吗？如果没有的话 ，我们把窗子打开吧！_If possible_，try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。She seldom, if ever，goes to the opera她很少去看歌剧。提能单句写作。(2019全国卷)我是李华，我想知道周末你是否有空。如果有空，咱们一起参加我校的音乐节吧。Im Li Hua Im wondering
34、if you are available at the weekend _If so，lets attend the music festival of our school_9He would much rather keep time for his hobbies他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。归纳拓展句中would rather (not) do sth意为“宁愿(不)做”。would rather的其他用法还有：(1)(2)would rather从句层级训练夯基单句语法填空。I would rather you _had finished_(finish) your homewo
35、rk yesterdayShe would rather you _came_(come) tomorrow than todayI would rather _stay_(stay) at home at the weekend, reading some English novels提能一句多译。为了过低碳生活，一些人宁愿坐公交也不愿开车去上班。_To live a low-carbon life_，some people _would rather take the bus than drive a car_ to work (to do不定式；would ratherthan)_In
36、order to live a low-carbon life_，some people _would take the bus rather than drive a car_ to work (in order to；wouldrather than)Some people _prefer to take the bus rather than drive a car_ to work _so that_ they can live a low-carbon life (so that; prefer to dorather than)高效演练素能提升 GAO XIAO YAN LIAN
37、SU NENG TI SHENG单句语法填空1Its our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and_therefore_，supply more jobs解析： 考查副词。由题意可知，此处填“因此”；结合and和逗号可知填therefore。句意：我们希望我们会在工作市场上起更大的作用，因此提供更多的工作。2The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if _ever_，reaching 30 in summer解析：考查省略句。句意
38、：这里的气候宜人，如果曾经有，在夏季气温极少达到30摄氏度。if ever“如果曾经有”；如果曾经发生。根据句中的关键词quite pleasant(宜人)，rarely(极少)可知，空格处表达的意思是“如果曾经有(if ever)”。if ever相当于if it(the temperature) ever reached 30 in summer。故填ever。3(陕西高考)We would rather our daughter _stayed_(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any
39、 longer解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我们宁愿我们的女儿和我们一起待在家里，但是那是她的选择，她已经不再是一个小孩子了。would rather后接that从句时，(此省去了连词that)要用虚拟语气，如果与现在或将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时态；如果与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。根据后面的it is her choice可以判断这件事情还没发生，因而从句用一般过去时。故填stayed。4Bears build_up_ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through
40、their winter sleep解析：考查动词短语。句意：狗熊在夏天和秋天开始脂肪的储存以使他们有足够的能量来度过冬眠。build up“积聚；逐渐增加”。故填up。5It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engineIf _so_，wed better take it to the garage immediately解析：考查省略。句意：听起来好像是车的发动机出毛病了。如果这样的话，我们最好立刻把它带到修车厂去。if so“如果这样的话”。故填so。6 (全国卷阅读)Research shows that giving up d
41、riving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them _becoming_(become) more isolated (隔绝) and inactive解析：考查固定短语。lead to中to是介词，后接-ing形式作宾语。故填becoming。7Cathy, what are you going to do this weekend?_If_possible, Im going to see my parents in the coun
42、tryside解析：考查省略。答语句意：如果可能的话，我要去看望乡下的父母。if possible“如果可能的话”。故填if。8At first I regretted _inviting_(invite) them to stay, but we soon became great friends解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：起初，我后悔邀请他们留下来，但是我们很快成了朋友。regret doing“后悔做了某事”。故填inviting。9(2020全国卷)The plum trees are the first _to flower_ (flower) even as the snow is
43、 melting解析：考查非谓语动词。序数词后用不定式作定语。故填to flower。10Thanks to your help, we completed the task ahead of time解析：考查固定短语。thanks to“幸亏；由于”。故填to。11(2018全国卷)Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing _on_ Chinese traditions解析：考查介词。focus on “聚焦于；集中注意力于”。故填on。12To get
44、a slim figure, Fanny has tried many ways, but in vainSo now she is reduced to not _eating_(eat) anything for supper解析：考查固定短语。句意：为了有一个苗条的体形，范妮尝试了许多方法，但都徒劳。因此现在她被迫晚饭什么都不吃。be reduced to doing sth“沦落到做某事，陷入的境地”。故填动名词eating。13The United Nations is trying to free the world _from/of_ the threat of war解析：考查
45、固定短语。freefrom/of“使免于”。故填介词from/of。14His contribution to the boys welfare was to equip him _for_ the world in which he would live解析：考查介词。句意：他对孩子福利事业的贡献是为了让自己有能力适应他将生活的这个世界。equipfor“为装备”。故填介词for。15An average of just 1875cm of rain fell last year, making _it_ the driest year since California became a s
46、tate in 1850解析：考查代词。句意：去年平均降了1875厘米的雨，使其成为自1850年加利福尼亚成为州以来最干旱的一年。由语境可知，此处考查的是代词的替代，替代前面提到的last year，为同名同物，同一者，用it。单句改错1This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipments and Internet facilities_equipmentsequipment_2If you stay out in the sun for
47、 a long time, you may get sunburn_sunburnsunburnt_3Several decade have passed since I graduated from the college_decadedecades_4Confusing by the question, the boy turned to his teacher for further explanation_ConfusingConfused_5Chinese farmers will never forget the great contributions Yuan Longping
48、has made to rid themselves of hunger and poverty_ridridding_6I would rather avoid running into the rabbit than to shoot it_去掉to_单句写作1今天的课主要讲如何写新闻总结。(focus on)_Todays lesson focuses on how to write a summary of a news article_2这个农民花了20年的时间来创建自己的企业。(build up)_It took the farmer twenty years to build u
49、p his business_3使用过多的化肥导致了严重的问题。(lead to)_Using too much chemical fertilizer led to serious problems_4有人感到冷吗？如果没有的话，让我们把窗子打开吧。(if not)_Is anybody feeling cold? If not，let us open the windows_5你的微笑是使得你结识新人最大的工具之一。(make itadj不定式)_Your smile is one of the strongest tools that make it possible for you t
50、o meet new people_语篇填空Famous scientist _1as/though_ he is, Yuan Longping considers _2himself_(he) a farmer As a young man, Yuan Longping saw the great need for increasing the rice output He wanted to increase rice harvests without _3expanding_(expand) the area of the fields In 1973, a special strain
51、 of rice made _4it_ possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world _5of_ hunger He is now circulating his rice knowledge in less _6developed_(develop) countries _7to increase_(increase) their rice harvests and
52、he wants to export his rice so that it can _8be grown_(grow) around the globe Though he _9has struggled_(struggle) for the past five decades, he doesnt regret it Dr Yuan is quite satisfied _10with_ his life话题写作用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文根据下列提示，写一篇介绍我国著名的水稻专家袁隆平的文章。 袁隆平生于1930年，1953年大学毕业；成功研发杂交水稻，在2017年研究海洋水稻
53、；你的感想。补充要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)被誉为“中国水稻之父”的袁隆平，一生致力于使世界摆脱饥饿。Yuan Longping，known as Chinas“father of hybrid rice”， _devotes his life to ridding the world of hunger_他生于1930年，于1953年大学毕业，那时饥饿对于农村许多人而言是个令人苦恼的问题。He was born in 1930 and graduated from college in 1953At that time _hunger was a disturbing probl
54、em for many people_ in the countryside自此以后，他努力研发高产水稻，这帮助农民比以前增收两倍。Since then, he has _struggled to develop rice that has a high output_，which has helped farmers _produce harvests twice as large as before_2017年，他的超级水稻创下新纪录，而且他的海洋水稻研究证明是个极大的成功。 In 2017, his super rice set a new record and _his researc
55、h on sea rice proved to be a great success_尽管袁隆平对自己的生活很满意，但他宁愿专注于自己的爱好而不在乎出名或金钱。Though Yuan Longping _is quite satisfied with his life_，he _would rather focus on his hobbies than care about being famous or money_从他身上，我意识到为我们的目标而努力，才能促使我们成功。(动名词作主语)From him, I realize that _struggling for our aims ca
56、n lead to success_升级平淡句1利用定语从句升级句_He was born in 1930 and graduated from college in 1953，when hunger was a disturbing problem for many people in the countryside_2利用though倒装句式升级句_Quite satisfied though Yuan Longping is with his life，he would rather focus on his hobbies than care about being famous or
57、 money_衔接成美文(请利用适当的过渡衔接词汇，如since then等) _Yuan Longping, known as Chinas “father of hybrid rice” ，devotes his life to ridding the world of hunger He was born in 1930 and graduated from college in 1953, when hunger was a disturbing problem for many people in the countryside Since then, he has struggle
58、d to develop rice that has a high output, which has helped farmers produce harvests twice as large as before In 2017, his super rice set a new record and his research on sea rice proved to be a great success Quite satisfied though Yuan Longping is with his life，he would rather focus on his hobbies than care about being famous or money From him, I realize that struggling for our aims can lead to success_