1、必修Unit 1 Great scientists一、背单词与词块(一)背阅读单词会认就行(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)1characteristic n特征；特性2radium n. 镭3analyse vt. 分析4physician n. 医生；内科医师5outbreak n. 爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)6victim n. 受害者7enquiry n. 询问8neighbourhood n. 附近；邻近9pump n. 泵；抽水机vt. (用泵)抽(水)10firework n. 烟火(燃放)11chart n. 图表12enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热
2、心的(二)背重点单词写对才行1defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫n. 失败2expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的n. 专家；行家3attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加4expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光5cure n. 治愈；痊愈vt. 治愈；治疗6absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心7suspect vt. 认为；怀疑n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯8foresee vt. 预见；预知9blame vt. 责备；谴责n. 过失；责备10handle n. 柄；把手vt. 处理；操纵11link vt.& n. 连接；联系12positive adj. 积极的；肯定的
3、；确实的(三)背拓展单词用准才行1challenge n挑战 vt.向挑战challenging adj.挑战性的2caution n小心；警告cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的3pollute vt.污染；弄脏pollution n污染4instruct vt.命令；指示；教导instruction n传授instructions pl.用法说明；指示5conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出conclusion n结论；结束6contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助contribution n贡献；捐款7reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃rejection n
4、拒绝；抛弃8science n科学scientific adj.科学的scientist n科学家9announce vt.宣布；通告announcement n通知；宣告announcer n播音员；宣告者10certain adj.确实的；肯定的certainty n确信；确实certainly adv.确定；肯定11construct vt.建设；修建construction n建设；建筑物12responsible adj.有责任的；负责的responsibility n责任；负责13paint v绘画；涂painter n画家；油漆匠painting n油画；水彩画14univers
5、e n宇宙；世界universal adj.普遍的；宇宙的universally adv.普遍地15move v移动；运动movement n移动；运动；动作语境活用1I want to be a scientist to make a scientific breakthrough to save peoples lives.(science)2It is universally known that the brain is the most complex machine in the universe. (universe)3I was bored with my job and fe
6、lt I needed a new challenge.Last week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very challenging. (challenge)4It was concluded that he didnt tell us the truth.I also came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude)5The writer personally contributed 5,000 to the earthquake fund last week and all hi
7、s contributions were gratefully received. (contribute)(四)背高频单词先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行1conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出；达成；缔结背词条用法(1)conclude从中推断出conclude sth.以结束to conclude 最后(2)come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论in conclusion 总而言之背写作佳句Ive come to the conclusion that hes the right person for the job.我已经得出结论，他是这项工
8、作的合适人选。(2019全国卷书面表达) In conclusion, I believe that you can benefit a lot from the Chinese classical concert.总之，我相信你能从中国古典音乐会中受益匪浅。2expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临背词条用法(1) expose .to .使接触expose oneself to . 使自己面临；使自己暴露于(2)be exposed to 遭受到；(使)接触到背写作佳句We should expose the kids to as much art and culture as po
9、ssible.我们应该让孩子们接触尽可能多的艺术和文化。(2020全国卷)The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.工程师们还试图开发一种开关，当暴露在日光下时，这种开关会使光晕褪色。3absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；吞并；理解；掌握背词条用法(1)absorb ones attention吸引某人的注意absorb .into . 把吸收进absorb oneself in . 专心于；全神贯注于(
10、2)be absorbed in . 全神贯注于背写作佳句When deeply absorbed in work, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.当他全神贯注于工作时，他就会忘记吃饭或睡觉。The boy sat beside the window, absorbinghimself in a novel.那个男孩坐在窗边，全神贯注于小说中。4blame vt.责备；谴责；把归咎于n.过失；责备背词条用法 (1)blame sb.for sth./doing sth.为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事blame sth.on sb.
11、把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for) 应(为)承担责任/受责备(2)put/lay the blame for sth.on sb. 将某事归咎于某人take the blame (for)应(为)承担责任/受责备背写作佳句Though he was to blame for the incident, we all forgave him considering his positive attitude.尽管他该为此事负责，但考虑到他的积极态度我们都原谅了他。You shouldnt put the blame on others. You should reflect on
12、 your own action.你不应该把责任推给别人。你应该反省一下自己的行为。5contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助背词条用法(1)contribute sth. to .把某物捐献给contribute to 有助于；捐献；导致；投稿(2)make a contribution/contributions to 对做出贡献背写作佳句(2017江苏高考)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.江苏地处“一带一
13、路”交汇处，将为“一带一路”的建设贡献更多力量。If you want to contribute to our newspaper, please send me your article before the deadline. 如果你想给我们的报纸投稿，请在截止日期前把你的文章寄给我。 (五)背短语词块表达出彩，需多积词块才行单元短语再认再现1put forward提出2draw a conclusion 得出结论3expose .to 使显露；暴露4link .to . 将和联系或连接起来5apart from 除之外；此外6be enthusiastic about 热衷于；对充满热
14、情7make sense 讲得通；有意义8(be) strict with 对严格的9contribute to 有助于；捐献；导致10be to blame 应受责备11look into 调查重点短语拓展用活1. put forward提出(建议)；推荐；将提前；将(钟表等)向前拨背相关短语put aside节省；储蓄；储存；留出put away 放好；积蓄put off 延期；推迟put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿put through 接通电话；完成；使经受背写作佳句As for the problem you put forward in your last letter, I
15、 think it is a wise choice for you to explore the Chinese culture by yourself.至于你在上封信中提出的问题，我认为你亲自探索中国文化是明智的选择。Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket money to buy New Years presents.鼓励孩子们留出一些零用钱来买新年礼物。It was because of the bad weather that the football match was put off.正是因为天气不好，足球比赛被推
16、迟了。2. make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通背相关短语(1)make sense of 理解；明白make no sense 没道理；没意义(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说in no sense 决不(位于句首时用部分倒装)(3)There is no/little sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理/没意义背写作佳句It doesnt make sense to argue with him about such a small matter. 就这样一件小事和他争论没意义。Can you make sense of the sentence
17、？你能理解这个句子吗？What she said is true in a sense, but not always.她所说的在某种意义上是正确的，但并不总是这样。二、背佳句与佳作(一)背写作佳句多“输入”才能巧“输出”教材内句式举一反三1Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(neither .nor“既不也不”)人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。佳句Neither does she like the price nor the style.她既不喜欢(它的)价格，也不喜欢(它的)款式。佳句Neither the teache
18、r nor the students are content with the result.老师和学生都不满意这个结果。2So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. (every time引导时间状语从句)每次霍乱爆发的时候都有数以千计的惊恐的人丧生。佳句 Dont refer to the dictionary every time you come across a new word.不要每次碰到生词就查词典。佳句(2017天津高考书面表达)I do hope that you
19、can pay a visit to Tianjin every time you come to China.我真的希望你每次来中国都能去天津看看。同主题佳句熟读成诵1Scientific achievement is built up by every little bit, but the longterm accumulation can be fed by intravenous drip of the sea.科学成就是由一点一滴积累起来的，唯有长期的积聚才能由点滴汇成大海。2Qian Xuesen was a scientist who made important contri
20、butions to the missile and space programs.He returned to China in 1955 and led the Chinese rocket program, and became known as the “Father of Chinese Rocketry”钱学森是一位为导弹和航天事业做出重要贡献的科学家。他于1955返回中国，领导中国火箭项目，并被誉为“中国火箭之父”。3Yuan Longping is known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”His super grain brought yield
21、s of 13.9 tons of rice per hectare. This set a new world record for rice output.袁隆平被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。他的超级谷物每公顷产量达13.9吨，这创造了水稻产量的新的世界纪录。(二)背满分作文好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”本辑学点投诉信(一)题目要求假定你是李华，在国外作为交换生学习的你最近在使用某付费学习网站时发现了一些令你不太满意的地方，因此，你要向网站的负责人写一封投诉信，内容包括：1投诉原因；2.提出希望。注意：1词数100左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 背范文Dear Sir/Madam，Im L
22、i Hua, a member of your website. Recently I have met with some problems when using it. Im writing to make a complaint.To begin with, some contents arent updated in time, which makes it impossible for me to learn about the latest materials related to my present lessons at school. To make matters wors
23、e, sometimes Im given “404”， which means that it is impossible for me to visit the website.Much to my dissatisfaction, I find some reading materials improper for us high school students to read. Personally, I think your service needs to be improved to live up to the users expectations.Im in the hope
24、 that you will take the matter seriously and make an effort to solve the problems. Your early reply will be appreciated.Yours respectfully，Li Hua学亮点1学谋篇布局2学亮丽开头开头先作了自我介绍，交代身份。然后交代要投诉的问题，最后点明写信的目的。语意层层递进，顺畅自然。3学高级表达(1)使用高级语块，如：related to, to make matters worse, much to ones dissatisfaction, live up t
25、o the users expectations, take the matter seriously, make an effort to等，提高了作文的档次。(2)熟练使用高级句式，如：非限制性定语从句which makes it impossible .和which means that it is impossible .；过去分词短语作定语related to my present lessons at school；it作形式宾语which makes it impossible for me .；it作形式主语it is impossible for me to visit th
26、e website等，为作文增色不少，也彰显了考生的语言功底。4学精彩结尾结尾先使用Im in the hope that you will .表达了对问题解决的希望。然后以Your early reply will be appreciated.表达了对早日回复的期盼。表述简洁、实用。5学过渡衔接衔接词recently, to begin with, to make matters worse, much to my dissatisfaction, personally等和过渡句Im writing to make a complaint.的恰当运用，使得文章结构严谨，层层递进，读起来朗朗
27、上口。6防微点失分考生容易把“Recently I have met with some problems when using it.”中的when using it错误地表达为when used it，或在“.the latest materials related to my present lessons at school”中的related前加is，从而导致失分。学案(一)重点单词的查漏补缺打牢必备知识全面练练清易错微点.单词拼写1Its impossible to foresee (预知) exactly how our actions will affect the futur
28、e.2He was suspected (怀疑) of having a part in the jewel robbery by the police.3.Researchers find cures (治疗方法) for certain diseases often by using the forests plant and animal life.4.Our team was defeated (打败) last night, which made us sad and disappointed.5Many Chinese brands, having developed their
29、reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges (挑战) from the modern market.6Viewing childhood development as a scientific (科学的) investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.7.He said the lucky woman will be announced (公布) on
30、the website and the trip will be shared online.8Some language experts (专家) believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思1William tried to join the basketball club but was rejected because of his poo
31、r health.拒绝2If you have a positive attitude towards your work, you will feel happy.积极的 3He made an apology to me for his not attending the concert on time.参加4They can withstand severe tests.严峻的5Please instruct me how to do my work.指导6Television stations around the world are linked by satellite.联系7(熟
32、词生义)As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to handle the problem.处理8(熟词生义) I keep the lesson simple because the students cant absorb that much.理解.单句语法填空1.He is cautious (caution) in his choice of words.2We explained our plans and he was very enthusiastic (e
33、nthusiasm) about them.3Music has been called the universal (universe) language.4.The great bridge under construction (construct) is designed by Chinese engineers.5We can say with certainty (certain) that all of our products are no problem.6To return to the problem of water pollution (pollute), Id li
34、ke you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.7A fire had severely (severe) damaged the warehouse.8Her every movement (move) is very graceful.名师点拨“一站清”(1)cure sb.of .“治愈某人某种疾病”。a cure for .“对于某种疾病的治疗方法”。二者区别在于词性不同，介词的使用也不同。(2)注意defeat/beat/win的区别：defeat和beat属一组同义词，它们的宾语必须是人或一个集体，如a team,
35、a class, an school, an army。defeat尤指在战场上打败敌人；beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词。 win表示在较强的竞争中取得胜利，它常跟的宾语有game, war, prize, fame, battle等。(3)announce后不跟双宾语，表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announce sth. to sb.或announce to sb. sth.。类似用法的单词还有：suggest, explain, report, say等。(4)cautious“小心的；谨慎的”。(5)under constructionbeing constructed，意为“正在修
36、建”。重点练深化高频考点1conclude明其义vt.& vi.结束；推断出；达成；缔结通其用(1)单句语法填空What can you conclude from these observations?He concluded his speech with a famous saying，“Where there is a will, there is a way.”In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable, and readily available form of exercise. (2)一句多译我从我自己的经历中得出结论：
37、患难见真情。I drew/reached/came to a conclusion from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed. (conclusion)I concluded from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclude)解其困in conclusion 表示“总而言之”，类似表达还有：in short, in brief, in a word, all in all, to sum up, briefl
38、y (speaking), on the whole等。2expose明其义 vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临通其用(1)单句语法填空Some people think we shouldnt expose the children to playing (play) computer games.Being exposed (expose) to strong sunlight will do harm to your skin.(2)句式升级When children are exposed to difficult situations, they are better at handl
39、ing challenging situations.Exposed to difficult situations, children are better at handling challenging situations. (分词作状语)解其困(1)及物动词expose后若无宾语，则常常使用它的被动形式。(2)在expose .to .以及be exposed to结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。3absorb明其义 vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；吞并；理解；掌握通其用(1)单句语法填空He sat down to study the article and beca
40、me absorbed (absorb)Certain chemicals are easily absorbed into the bloodstream, while others are not.(2)句式升级Tom was so absorbed in his work that he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.So absorbed was Tom in his work that he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(倒装句)Absorbed in h
41、is work, Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(分词作状语)解其困“全神贯注于”的表达还有：focus on集中于；专心concentrate on 集中于；专心于fix ones attention on 把注意力集中在devote oneself to 致力于bury oneself in 埋头于be addicted to 沉溺于；专注于4blame明其义vt.责备；谴责；把归咎于n.过失；责备 通其用(1)单句语法填空Blamed (blame) for the breakdown of the school c
42、omputer network, Alice was in low spirits.(2)一句多译诚实地说，李华应该为这次冲突负责。To be honest, Li Hua is to blame for the conflict.(blame v)Honestly speaking, Li Hua should take the blame for the conflict.(blame n)解其困be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。5contribute明其义 vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助通其用(1)单句语法填空Your contribu
43、tion (contribute) will certainly make the event a huge success.In conclusion, everyone should make contributions to protecting (protect) the environment.(2)句式升级Doing small things well contributes to building up our confidence.It contributes to building up our confidence to do small things well.(用it作
44、形式主语)解其困contribute sth.to ., contribute to, make a contribution to中的to均为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。学案(二)词块、句式的活学活用强化关键能力词块的验收盘点.词块点点练选词填空link to， draw a conclusion， be strict with ， be absorbed in， put forward， be to blame for， contribute to， apart from， be exposed to， look into1.As is wellknown to us, child
45、hood memory contributes to guiding present behavior.2Black was severely ill because of being exposed to a deadly virus.3The video cameras are linked to a computer.4The official plan put forward by China to build the Belt and Road was supported by many countries.5We cant draw a conclusion without hav
46、ing a wide investigation into this matter.6When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, absorbed in conversation.7Now, we are all certain of what is to blame for his poor health.8.Apart from English, she is also studying Russian and Spanish.9.The coach must be strict wit
47、h the players.10A working party has been set up to look into the problem.名师点拨“一站清”(1)contribute to中的to 为介词，后跟动名词。(2)apart from和besides的区别： apart from表示“除去之外”，此时apart fromexcept；apart from表示“除了之外还有”，此时apart frombesides。(3)be strict with 和be strict in的区别： be strict with sb.“对某人严格”；be strict in sth.“对某
48、事严格”。.易错对对碰辨析比较1put aside VS put off比较They will have to put aside their political differences and find a solution.The meeting has been put off until next week so that more people can attend.辨清 (1)put aside节省；储蓄；储存；留出(2)put off 延期；推迟2make sense VS make sense of比较This sentence doesnt make sense to me.
49、I cannot make sense of this sentence.辨清(1)make sense 是不及物短语，意为“讲得通；有道理”。(2)make sense of是及物短语，意为“弄懂；理解”。3in a sense VS in no sense比较What you say is true in a sense.In no sense will he give up.辨清(1)in a sense“在某种意义上”。(2)in no sense “决不”， 位于句首时，句子要用倒装。.多义比比看一词多义1写出下列各句中put forward的含义The manager put fo
50、rward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.提出I think he is fit for the position; therefore, Ill put him forward as a candidate. 推荐They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.将提前2写出下列各句中contribute to的含义Many people contributed money to the poor bo
51、y.捐款The money contributed to his returning to school.有助于A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper.投稿句式的验收盘点(一)every time引导时间状语从句通其用1补全句子Every time we camped, Mom would read a book or sing a soft song.每次我们露营，妈妈都会读一本书或唱一首轻柔的歌。Every time I see the national flag rising, I feel
52、a sense of pride.每当看到国旗升起，我都有一种自豪感。2翻译句子他第一次来到那个城市，就决定在那里安家。The first time he came to the city, he decided to settle there.(2019北京高考书面表达) 我真希望你每次来中国都能玩得开心。I do hope that you can have a good time every time you come to China.解其困(1)every time是名词词组作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意为“每当”，从句谓语常用一般现在时或一般过去时。(2)名词
53、词组作连词用而且能引导时间状语从句的还有：any time任何时候next time 下次时the last time 最后一次the序数词time 第次the瞬间名词 (moment/minute/instant/second) 一就(3)此类名词词组可单独引导时间状语从句，因此后面不再用when。(4)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，从句中用一般现在时态代替将来时态。(二)neither .nor .“既不也不” 通其用1补全句子Neither has he done it, nor will he do it. 他没有做过这事，他也不会做这事。Neit
54、her dad nor mum is at home today.今天父母都不在家。 2句型转换The teacher is not content with the result. The students are not content with the result.(用neither .nor .合并两个句子)Neither the teacher nor the students are content with the result. John takes great interest in the piano lessons. And his sister also takes
55、great interest in the piano lessons.(用not only .but also .合并两个句子，且not only位于句首)Not only does John take great interest in the piano lessons, but also his sister takes great interest in the piano lessons.解其困(1)neither .nor .“既不也不”，连接句中两个并列的句子成分。当连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。(2)遵循“就近一致原则”的其他并列连词：either . or
56、.不是就是，或者或者；not only . but also .不但而且；not .but .不是而是。学案(三)高考语篇的价值发掘提升学科素养2019全国卷完形填空对接课标主题：科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全精读真题拓展语言能力(语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)1The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to midMarch 41 six months
57、out of the year.2“Of course, we 42 it when the sun is shining，” says Karin Ro, who works for the towns tourism office. “We see the sky is 43 ， but down in the valley its darker its like on a 44 day.” 3But that 45 when a system of hightech 46 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks
58、(山峰) into the valley below. Wednesday, residents (居民) of Rjukan 47 their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 48 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 49 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 50 and to close during wind
59、y weather. beam (束) of light onto the towns central ， creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 52 ， Rjukan residents gathered together.4“People have been 53 there and standing there and taking 54 of each other，” Ro says. “The town square was totally 55 . I think almost
60、all the people in the town were there.” The 3,500 residents cannot all 56 the sunshine at the same time. 57 ， the new light feels like more than enough for the towns 58 residents.5“Its not very 59 ，” she says, “but it is enough when we are 60 .”,析微点厚积语言基础微积累词汇用活situate v使位于；使坐落于situated adj.位于的；坐落在的
61、be situated inbe located in位于；坐落于微技法根据标点符号解题：根据44题空前的破折号可知，破折号的内容是对前文的进一步补充说明，由此可得出44题答案。微积累熟词生义：introducev介绍(熟义)v引进，首次引入(生义) 微语法句子(1)中creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters为v.ing形式作结果状语。微点拨短语识记more than enough绰绰有余；足够微技法完形填空最后两道题一般是基于文章主旨大意设置的题目，做题时要避免犯想当然的错误。一定要结合原文进行剖析解读，进而选出正确答案。理
62、脉络内化读文规律解析真题感悟素养立意考什么怎么考真题再做41AonlyBobviouslyCnearly Dprecisely解析：选C根据上文中的“from late September to midMarch”可知，这段时间将近六个月。故选C。only“仅仅”；obviously“显而易见地”；precisely“准确地”。42Afear BbelieveChear Dnotice解析：选D当太阳照耀时，我们就可以注意到它。句中的“it”指代第一段中的“sunlight”。43Aempty BblueChigh Dwide解析：选B天空是蔚蓝色的，但山谷却是比较阴暗的。根据句中的“but”
63、可知，本空填入的词语与“darker”相对应，故blue“蓝色的，蔚蓝色的”符合语境。44Acloudy BnormalCdifferent Dwarm解析：选A山谷中天色阴暗，因此像是阴天一般。45Ahelped BchangedChappened Dmattered解析：选B根据下文内容可知，采用反射板后，小镇的面貌发生了改变。46Acomputers BtelescopesCmirrors Dcameras解析：选C根据下文中的“The mirrors are controlled”可知答案。47Aremembered BforecastedCreceived Dimagined解析：选
64、C星期三，Rjukan的居民接收到了他们的第一束冬日阳光。remember“记得”；forecast“预报”；imagine“想象”。48A.repair BriskCrest Duse解析：选D根据语境可知，镇上的居民们能享受到冬日的阳光是因为小镇将引进的高科技反射板投入了使用。put to use“投入使用”为固定搭配，故选D。repair“维修”；risk“风险”；rest“休息”。49Aforbids BdirectsCpredicts Dfollows解析：选B本空填入的词应与空前的“controlled”在语义上保持一致，故direct“指示，命令，管理”符合语境。forbid“禁
65、止，阻碍”；predict“预言，预告”；follow“跟随”。50Aday BnightCmonth Dyear解析：选A因为要反射阳光，肯定是在白天。throughout the day“整个白天”。51Alibrary BhallCsquare Dstreet解析：选C根据第四段中的“The town square”可知答案为square。52Aappeared BreturnedCfaded Dstopped解析：选A当阳光出现时，Rjukan的居民便聚集在广场上。53A. driving BhidingCcamping Dsitting解析：选D根据语境可知，人们或坐或站，彼此拍着照
66、片。54Apictures BnotesCcare Dhold解析：选A参见上题解析。take notes of “记录”；take care of “照顾”；take hold of “握住”。55Anew BfullCflat Dsilent解析：选B根据语境可知，广场上挤满了人。56Ablock BavoidCenjoy Dstore解析：选C由前文可知阳光区域只有600平方米，因此3 500名居民显然不能同时享受到阳光。block“阻塞”；avoid“避免”；store“贮藏”。57AInstead BHoweverCGradually DSimilarly解析：选B根据语境可知，此处
67、表示转折关系，应用However。58Anatureloving BenergysavingCweatherbeaten Dsunstarved解析：选D根据上文提到的Rjukan的居民将近六个月都享受不到阳光可知，此处指镇上渴望阳光的居民，故选D。59Abig BclearCcold Deasy解析：选A阳光区域只有600平方米，显然不是很大，但居民们共同分享时，它就足够了。60Atrying BwaitingCwatching Dsharing解析：选D参见上题解析。为什么考有何价值导向解读一、发展思维品质1逻辑性思维第43、44题考查逻辑性思维能力。破折号前的内容意为：但是在下面的山谷里
68、，天空却是阴暗的，根据逻辑关系可知前一句表达的是：我们看到天空实际上是蔚蓝色的(blue)，这样才能形成前后的转折关系。破折号的作用为补充说明，根据此逻辑关系可知，后一句表达的是：山谷里天气是阴暗的，就像阴天(cloudy)一样。2跨跃性思维第46、51题为词汇复现题，考查跨跃性思维能力。根据第49题所在句可知：这些“镜子”被电脑控制，电脑指示这些镜子随着太阳转动方向，最终使这个小镇获得阳光照射。由此可知，第46题就是指这些镜子(mirrors)。根据第54题后一句中的“The town square”可知，阳光被反射到小镇的中心广场(square)上。具备跨跃性思维，这两个题目会很容易选出正
69、确选项。3系统性思维第58、60题考查系统性思维能力，需要系统地联系全文才能得出答案。根据前文可知，这个小镇上的每年近一半的时间没有阳光照射，故人们非常渴望阳光(sunstarved)；同样根据前文可知，阳光被反射到小镇的中心广场上，形成一个大约600平方米的有阳光的区域，人们在这个区域里享受阳光，虽然这个区域不大，但当人们共同分享(share)的时候，就足够了，故第60题选sharing。二、聚焦核心价值本文通过介绍挪威小镇Rjukan借助科技手段，改善了一年中将近六个月都无法得到阳光照射的情况，旨在引起学生对科学的重视和追求，培养学生的科学探索精神。青少年是祖国的未来，科技强国的希望。只有
70、广大青少年把个人理想融入国家和民族事业中，继承前辈们科技报国的优良传统，坚持追求真理、勇攀高峰的科学精神，保持踏实奋斗的心态，掌握科学的研究方法，才能取得无愧于新时代的新发现、新发明、新技术，扛起振兴国家科技事业、建设世界科技强国的大旗。借力真题发掘学习能力.单句语法填空1On dark nights children should wear reflective (reflect) clothing.2Roughly (rough) speaking, we receive about fifty letters a week on the subject.3He made a concen
71、trated (concentrate) effort to finish the work on time.4The company is planning to introduce (introduce) a new range of products this year.5Im still not totally (total) convinced that he knows what hes doing.补全句子1Our school has built a new stadium recently, which is situated (位于) behind the library.
72、2Mary passed all her exams, making her parents very happy (这使她的父母非常高兴)3Im more than glad (非常高兴) to learn that youre coming to tour in China.分析长难句But that changed when a system of hightech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks (山峰) into the valley below.句式解构本句是一个含有时间状语从句的主
73、从复合句，主句的主语是 that，谓语动词是changed。其中when引导时间状语从句；to reflect .为动词不定式短语作目的状语。句意翻译但是，当一套高科技反射镜系统被引入，将邻近山峰上的阳光反射到下面的山谷时，情况就改变了。.语法填空The small town of Rjukan in Norway 1.is situated (situate) between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September 2.to midMarch nearly six months out of
74、 the year.But that changed 3.when a system of hightech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks into the valley below. Wednesday, residents of Rjukan received their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of 4.reflective (reflect) boards on a nearby mountainside were put to
75、 use. The mirrors are controlled by a computer 5.that directs them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam of light onto the towns 6.central (centre) square, 7.creating (create) an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. W
76、hen the light appeared, the town square was 8.totally (total) full. The 3,500 residents cannot all enjoy the sunshine at 9.the same time. However, the new light feels like more 10.than enough for the towns sunstarved residents.主题语境写作上周末你和你的好朋友Lily一起去参观了科技馆，感觉这次科技馆之行收获很大，请你就此情景写一篇小短文。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适
77、当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考范文：Lily and I are very interested in science, so we paid a visit to the Science Museum last weekend. When we got to the gate, there were many people waiting there. The whole science center looks so cool, just like the globe. There were so many hightech products in the exhibition whic
78、h introduces how science and technology promote the harmonious development of society. We were so excited to learn a lot about science that we made up our minds to study hard to make contributions to science in the future.课下主题训练科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全一、主题语基拓展练(一)主题词汇盘查(已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)qualifica
79、tion devoted design development consider responsibility honor charge reliable inventor creative establishment potential inspiration diligent apply undertake organization determined accurate (二)主题词汇训练.选词填空(有两词多余)inventor, development, organization, honored, qualification, inspiration, responsibility,
80、 design, establishment , determined1Those who score in the top 10%(about 10,000 kids)have the qualification to apply.2First, employers should take the responsibility for their retired employees.3The establishment of “Victory Day” highlights Beijings commitment to peaceful development and the importa
81、nce of acknowledging the past.4However, according to the organization, the product contains a lot of sugar, which could actually lead to many health problems.5Filled with recipes, entertaining ideas, healthy meals and photographs of every dish, youll find plenty of inspiration inside each issue.6Im
82、honored that you show great interest in our traditional culture.7To answer this question, the researchers designed two studies.8This is why vehicletovehicle communication is undergoing rapid development.单句语法填空1Staff will lead games and creative (create) activities for our campers, with them during m
83、ealtimes.2Meades boss said she was really reliable (rely) when she worked and that she got along with others.3Edison was famous as a great inventor (invent)4Her life was devoted to caring for the sick and needy.5Newton is considered(consider) as one of the greatest scientists in history for his disc
84、overy of universal gravitation and the three laws of motion.6Last week, my friend applied for working as a volunteer. 7I was in charge of showing some foreign friends around our city. 8His determined (determine) look showed that he had made up his mind.写出下列各句中加黑词的汉语意思1Its surprising that such a youn
85、g student should undertake this type of project.承担2The first of these in the field of botany were the herbals.领域3These potential effects must be examined carefully.潜在的4He is so diligent that he never goes anywhere without a book.勤奋的二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解AVinegar is great. It makes salad, fries and dumplings
86、 taste better, and you can even clean your windows with it. And now, according to scientists, it may even help the planets population to ease hunger.Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to dr
87、oughts.This could mean that in the future, worries about climate change affecting the worlds supply of food will be much lower.The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis, a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather. It was found that when the plant was placed in
88、 droughtlike conditions, it produced a chemical called acetate(醋酸盐) the main component of vinegar.After discovering this, the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants, before they stopped giving them water completely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they fo
89、und that the ones treated with acetate had survived, while the untreated plants had dried up and died. Its hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive.Jong Myong Kim, coauthor of the study, told Popular Science magazine that he
90、s already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and costeffective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners.Although at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isnt as easy as just pouring vinegar over them, Kim said
91、he and his team are working on making the process as simple as possible. “Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers, and also some companies, to make a method to apply this system.” he said.And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go away, hopeful
92、ly this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了醋可以使植物在干旱的环境中生存，从而解决因粮食而造成的饥饿问题。1. What is mentioned as a feature of the Arabidopsis?AIt produces acetate in wet conditions.BIt is mainly composed of acetate.CIt can survive in nowhere but de
93、sert.DIt can be tolerant of drought.解析：选D细节理解题。由第四段可知，Arabidopsis的特点是可以忍受干旱，选D。2. The scientists experimented further in order to .Afind a simple way of keeping the crops of farmers aliveBadd acetate to the soils of other plants to stop wateringCcheck the effectiveness of the acetate to resist droug
94、htDtreat the driedup plants by adding acetate to them解析：选C推理判断题。根据文章第四段的理解，可以得知进一步实验的目的是为了检验把醋酸盐添加到植物中就能增加植物耐旱能力的有效性，选C。3. What is the authors attitude to the discovery?AObjective.BUnsupportive.CIndifferent. DOptimistic.解析：选D观点态度题。由最后一段可知，作者持乐观态度。objective “客观的”；unsupportive“不支持的”；indifferent “冷漠的”；
95、optimistic“乐观的”，选D。4. What may be the best title for the text?AVinegar could end hungerBVinegar keeps plants living foreverCHow to survive climate changeDAdvantages and functions of vinegar解析：选A标题归纳题。由全文的主题句“And now, according to scientists, it may even help the planets population to ease hunger.”可知
96、，这篇文章主要讲了醋可以使植物在干旱的环境中生存，从而解决因粮食而造成的饥饿问题，选A。BWe can have video chat with astronauts aboard the International Space Station and watch live footage from the frozen heights of a mountain.But communicating with a submarine (潜艇) or a diver is not so easy.The lack of practical methods for sharing data bet
97、ween underwater airborne (空气传播的) devices has long been a frustration for scientists.The difficulty stems from the fact that radio signals work perfectly in air travel but poorly in water. Sonar signals used by underwater sensors reflect off the surface of water rather than reaching the air.Now, rese
98、archers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolutionize underwater communication.“What weve shown is that its actually feasible to communicate from underwater to the air，” says Fadel Adib, a professor at MITs Media Lab, who led the research.The MIT researchers designed a system th
99、at uses an underwater machine to send sonar signals to the surface，making vibrations (震动) corresponding to the 1s and 0s of the data.A surface receiver then reads and decodes these tiny vibrations.The researchers call the system TARF.It has any number of potential realworld uses，Adib says.It could b
100、e used to find downed planes underwater by reading signals from sonar devices in a planes black box and it could allow submarines to communicate with the surface.Right now the technology is lowresolution.The initial study was conducted in the MIT swimming pool at maximum depths of around 11 or 12 fe
101、et.The next steps for the researchers are to see if TARF is workable at much greater depths and under varying conditions high waves, storms, schools of fish.They also want to see if they can make the technology work in the other direction air to water.If the technology proves successful in realworld
102、 conditions, expect “texting while diving” to be the latest underwater fashion.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项麻省理工学院的科学家发明的从水下与地面上的人进行通信的技术。5What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 1 ?AThe future of video chat underwater and in air.BThe frustrations of developing underwater devices.CThe difficulty
103、 of communication from water to air.DThe current situation of communicating with a submarine.解析：选C段落大意题。通读第一段的内容可知，该段主要讲的是从水下与地面的人进行通信非常困难，因此C项正确。6What does the underlined word “feasible” mean?AAchievable. BConvenient.CChangeable. DAlternative.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Now，researchers at MIT have develope
104、d . underwater communication”可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员发明了一种可能改变水下通信的方法，使从水下与地面上的人进行沟通成为可能，故画线词与A项“可实现的”意思最相近，故选A。7What do we know about TARF?AIt is widely used to find downed planes.BIt can work well at great depths underwater. CIt is an underwater machine that sends signals. DIt can send, receive and read sig
105、nals from underwater.解析：选D推理判断题。文章第三段详细讲述了TARF系统的工作原理：该系统使用一个水下机器向水面发送声呐信号，使震动与数据的1和0对应，然后水面接收器读取并对这些微小的震动进行重新编码，这样可以在水下与地面上的人进行通信。因此D项正确。8What is the best title for the text?AThe Realworld Uses of Sonar TechnologyBFull Watertoair Communication Closer to RealityCA Breakthrough in the Application of
106、Video ChatDTARF Becoming a New Means of Communication解析：选B标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家发明的一种解决了在水下与地面上的人无法进行通信联系这个难题的系统，研究人员将会把它投入到真实的状况下进行验证，因此B项最适合做本文标题。.阅读七选五A new study suggests that the timing of a wound affects the speed at which it heals (痊愈). Wounds suffered during the day heal around 60 percent f
107、aster than those at night.The study showed how the bodies circadian rhythm (昼夜节律) controlled the healing of wounds. 1 It tells our bodies when to wake up, eat and sleep in a circle a series of activities that repeat themselves day after day. 2 In the study, researchers found that skin cells moved fa
108、ster to repair wounds suffered during the day. Their findings were published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.The researchers examined cells, mice, and burn injury databases. 3 Nighttime burns burns suffered between 8 oclock at night and 8 oclock the next morning were 95 percent healed
109、after an average of 28 days. But after an average of 17 days, daytime burns burns suffered between 8 oclock in the morning and 8 at night were 95 percent healed. 4 Wounds are very costly to treat. 5 In Britains National Health Services, for example, such services cost around 6.56 billion per year. E
110、xperts say the high costs result, in part, from a lack of drugs that speed up the closure of wounds.A. Each cycle lasts about 24 hours.BThe circadian rhythm is like a clock or timer.CSpecifically, their investigation found the following information.DThe new studys findings could help scientists deve
111、lop better drugs.EIn other words, nighttime injuries took an average of 11 days longer to heal.FWorldwide, billions of dollars are spent every year on woundtreatment services.GThats what a group of researchers from a university in Canada recently published.语篇解读：本文介绍了一项科学研究。研究表明在白天受的伤比在夜晚受的伤愈合得更快。1选B
112、根据空后信息可知，此处作者强调昼夜节律有很强的周期性，B项衔接前句，符合语境，表明昼夜节律像时钟或者计时器一样。2选A根据空前句中的 “a cycle a series of activities are repeated day after day”可知，此周期每天循环，由此可判断周期时长为24小时，故选A。3选C空前句提到研究人员研究分析了烧伤数据库，下文谈到调查研究结果，由此判断C项符合语境。4选E由上文信息可知，夜晚受的烧伤修复需要28天的周期， 而白天受的烧伤修复只需要17天。因此可以判断，夜晚修复的平均周期比白天长11天，故E项符合语境。5选F根据空前句可知，创伤治疗费用高，后文举
113、例“such services cost around 6.56 billion”说明治疗费用不菲，因此F项符合语境。.语法填空Although Socrates (苏格拉底) was poor all his life, he never asked his pupils to pay for their lessons. He taught 1 the love of wisdom, not for money. And 2 he had to say was always new and worth hearing. All his pupils loved him.But his un
114、usual ways of teaching and his demand that students always ask questions made him some 3 (danger) enemies. The rulers did not want to be questioned. So they 4 (false) accused Socrates of teaching young men bad things and 5 (lead) them to ignore religion. In fact Socrates was a very religious man. Hi
115、s enemies had him 6 (arrest), and he was sentenced to death by poisoning.During the 30 days before he was put to death, his friends and pupils 7 (allow) to visit him in his prison. They were astonished to find that 8 was calm and cheerful. He had no fear of dying. When the deadly poison was finally
116、brought to Socrates, his friends were in 9 (tear), but Socrates seemed to be the 10 (brave) man in the room. He raised the cup and drank it as if it were a glass of banquet wine.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了著名学者苏格拉底的故事。1for考查介词。由“not for money”可知，此处应用介词for，表示“为了”。2what考查名词性从句。what 引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语。3dangerous考查形
117、容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词dangerous修饰名词enemies。4falsely考查副词。此处用副词falsely修饰动词accused。5leading考查非谓语动词。根据语境及and可知，空处与动名词teaching 并列，故用动名词leading作介词of的宾语。6arrested考查非谓语动词。arrest和句子谓语had之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且与其逻辑主语him构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。7were allowed考查动词时态和语态。根据“was put”可知，此处表示发生在过去的事情，且allow与句子主语his friends and pupils 构成动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，即were allowed。8he考查代词。根据空后一句“He had no fear of dying”可知，此处表示苏格拉底死前很平静，故用人称代词he作宾语从句的主语。9tears考查名词复数。in tears意为“哭泣，流泪”，为固定搭配，故用名词的复数形式。10bravest考查形容词最高级。根据语境和空前的the可知，此处表示“最勇敢的人”，故用形容词最高级bravest。