1、必修五Unit 1Great scientists.完形填空(2020昆明市摸底调测)You may always hear about people who knew exactly what they wanted to do with their life from the time they were in kindergarten.I didnt considered lots of career 1.C when I graduated from high school.Like most students who earned good grades in math and sc
2、ience classes, I found people 2.D me to be an engineer.But all of that changed when I went to my 3.A .I will never forget the feeling of walking into my very first Biology 4.B .I nervously found a seat and waited for the type of 5.D you see in TV shows, old and strict.What I got was exactly 6.A .Dr.
3、Espinoza was a caring and 7.C teacher, and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology.Her exciting classes made me 8.A that I had other choices besides being a(n) 9.D .It meant I was headed for a career in biological research. 10.B Dr.Espinoza and many other professors like her, I fo
4、und that scientists arent just what we 11.C on the National Geographic Channel. They are real people who answer real questions and 12.A real problems.This led me to seek out 13.B to do real science projects and see if I 14.A it.While I was at university, I learned how to ask good questions, how to 1
5、5.C experiments and collect data, and how to share what I learned with people.As it 16.D ， I loved every minute of it.Falling in love with 17.B was a long process for me, but it led me to a job I love.Like the science itself, my journey toward being a scientist was 18.D ， but helped along by many te
6、achers and professors who 19.B me the way.Now, I try my best to learn new things and 20.C new knowledge.文章大意： 本文讲述了“我”上大学后，老师和教授们对“我”的专业和择业产生的深远影响。1A.developmentBdifficultyCchoices Drequirements解析：根据 8 空后的“that I had other choices.in biological research”可知，高中毕业时，“我”没考虑过众多的职业选择(choices)。development“发
7、展”；difficulty“困难”；requirement“所需的东西”。2A.appointing BforcingCallowing Dencouraging解析：像大多数数学和科学课程出众的学生一样，人们鼓励(encouraging)“我”以后成为一名工程师。appoint“任命；安排”；force“迫使”；allow“允许；准许”。3A.university BofficeCroom Dlab解析：根据下文中的“While I was at university, I learned.what I learned with people.”可知，上大学(university)后，一切都
8、发生了改变。4A.league BlectureCtest Dteamwork解析：根据下文中的“and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology”可知此处填入的词在范畴上应与classes一致，故lecture“讲座”符合语境。5A.agent BvolunteerChost Dprofessor解析：根据语境可知，此处指坐等教授(professor)的到来。agent“代理人；经纪人”；volunteer“志愿者”；host“主人；节目主持人”。6A.opposite BtraditionalCtypical Ds
9、imilar解析：根据上文可知，坐等教授时，“我”以为即将来上课的老师就如同电视节目中看到的那样古板、严肃，但后来“我”发现她是一位体贴且富有热情的(enthusiastic)老师。故先前想象的与实际见到的完全相反(opposite)。traditional“传统的”；typical“典型的”；similar“相似的”。7A.average BcasualCenthusiastic Dsevere解析：参见上题解析。average“平均的；正常的；一般的”；casual“漫不经心的；随便的”；severe“极为恶劣的；严厉的”。8A.realize BregretCrefuse Drecall
10、解析：她令人振奋的课使“我”意识到(realize)除了成为一名工程师(engineer)，“我”还可以从事生物学研究。9A.lawyer BeducatorCscholar Dengineer解析：参见上题解析。第一段中的“engineer”是暗示。10A.As to BDue toCOn behalf of DIn spite of解析：由于(Due to)Dr.Espinoza和许多其他像她一样的教授的影响，“我”发现科学家并非像我们在国家地理频道上了解到(learn about)的那样。as to“关于；至于”；on behalf of“代表”；in spite of“尽管”。11A.
11、take care of Bmake fun ofClearn about Dsearch for解析：参见上题解析。12A.solve BbringCraise Dignore解析：他们是回答真实问题并解决(solve)实际问题的有血有肉的人。13A.concepts BopportunitiesCfaith Dambition解析：这引领着“我”去寻找做真正的科学研究项目的机会(opportunities)并看一下“我”是否喜欢(enjoyed)它。concept“概念；观念”；faith“信任；信仰”；ambition“夙愿；抱负”。14A.enjoyed BdoubtedCrecomm
12、ended Dacknowledged解析：参见上题解析。下文中的“loved”亦是提示。doubt“怀疑”；recommend“推荐；建议”；acknowledge“承认；感谢”。15A.replace BpredictCconduct Dcopy解析：在大学里，“我”学到了如何问好的问题，如何做(conduct)实验和收集数据，以及如何和别人分享“我”了解到的东西。conduct experiments“做实验”，为固定用法。16A.came about Bbroke upCset off Dturned out解析：结果是(turned out)，“我”喜欢科学研究的每一分钟。come
13、about“发生；造成”；break up“粉碎；破碎”；set off“出发；动身”。17A.literature BscienceClanguage Dart解析：根据上文做科学研究项目的描述可知B项符合语境。18A.precious BsmoothCbeneficial Dslow解析：虽然成为科学家之路是耗时的(slow)，但一路上有很多老师和教授给“我”引路(showed me the way)。19A.promised BshowedCleft Dawarded解析：参见上题解析。20A.record BadmireCcreate Dforget解析：现在“我”在努力学习新东西并创
14、造(create)新知识。.阅读理解A(2020郑州市毕业班第三次质检)An infectious disease is a disease that is caused by the invasion of a host by pathogens (病原体) whose activities harm the hosts tissues and can be spread to other individuals.Microorganisms (微生物) capable of causing disease are called pathogens. A true pathogen is a
15、n infectious agent that causes disease in any possible host. The terms “infection” and “disease” are quite different. In order to cause disease, pathogens must be able to enter the hosts body, stick to specific host cells, invade and multiply and do damage to the hosts tissues.Pathogens may be sprea
16、d through either direct or indirect contact. Direct contact occurs when an individual is infected by contact with the infection source. It also includes taking in the infectious droplets released by sneezing or coughing. Indirect contact occurs when a pathogen can survive the environment outside its
17、 host for a long period of time. So lifeless objects that are polluted by direct contact with the infection source may cause the indirect contact for the easily infected group.Public health measures typically involve killing the pathogen from its source or from its route to spread. Those measures in
18、clude ensuring a safe water supply, effectively treating waste water, and initiating animal control and vaccination (疫苗) programs, etc. Personally, the first line of defense is to keep pathogens at bay by following good personal hygiene habits. Prevent infection before it begins and avoid spreading
19、it to others with some easy measures, such as washing hands and getting vaccinated.Man never stops fighting against all kinds of infectious diseases. But in the past two decades at least a dozen “new” diseases have been identified, and traditional diseases that appeared to be “on their way out” are
20、re-emerging. Globally, infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death. Clearly, the battle has not been won. Nevertheless, it is increasingly difficult for most of us to deny the claims of science. We are continually presented with great amounts of relevant scientific and medical knowledge, w
21、hich encourages us to take more responsibility for our own health.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了传染性疾病的成因、病原体的传播方式、预防传染性疾病的措施等。1What does paragraph 2 focus on？ B AOrigin of true pathogens.BNature of infectious diseases.CStrategies for avoiding tissue damage.DDifferences between infection and disease.解析：段落大意题。根据
22、第二段内容“能够引起疾病的微生物叫作病原体。真正的病原体是那种可以在任何可能的宿主身上引起疾病的传染剂。传染和疾病是两个完全不同的术语。为了引发疾病，病原体必须进入宿主的身体，附在特定的宿主细胞上，入侵、繁殖并对宿主组织造成伤害。”可以判断，本段主要讲述了传染性疾病的本质。故选B。2What is likely to cause disease to spread through indirect contact？ B AGetting bitten by an infected dog.BPlaying with toys a sick child played with.CTaking i
23、n tiny drops from sneezing.DShaking hands with an infected person.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“So lifeless objects that are polluted by direct contact with the infection source may cause the indirect contact for the easily infected group.”可以推断，符合间接接触引发疾病的情景是玩生病小孩玩过的玩具。故B项正确。3Which of the following can best expl
24、ain the underlined phrase “at bay” in paragraph 4？ C AAt risk. BOff course.CUnder control. DWithin reach.解析：词义猜测题。根据画线短语所在句中的“the first line of defense.by following good personal hygiene habits”可以判断，遵循良好的个人卫生习惯可以防控病原体，故C项的含义与画线短语的含义最为接近。at risk“有危险”；off course“偏离航线”；within reach“很接近，靠近”。4What does t
25、he last paragraph imply？ C AMan is at a loss about infectious diseases.BTraditional infectious diseases are dying out.CScience counts in fighting infectious diseases.DThe battle against infectious diseases is in vain.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Nevertheless，it is increasingly difficult for most of us to deny
26、the claims of science.take more responsibility for our own health.”，可以推断，作者在最后一段表明科学在与传染性疾病的斗争中是很重要的。故选C。C项中的“counts”意为“重要”。B(2021四省八校联考)It is food news guaranteed to put a smile on your face.Scientists have found that eating dark chocolate appears to lowerthe risk of depression by a quarter. While
27、7.6 percent of the13, 000 people surveyed reported depressive symptoms, just 1.5percent of the chocolate eaters did.The study by University College London (UCL), theUniversity of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, also foundthat the people who consumed the most of any chocolate were also57 percent
28、 less likely to report depressive symptoms. Lead authorDr. Sarah Jackson said，“This study provides some evidence thatconsumption of chocolate, particularly dark chocolate, may beassociated with reducing odds of clinically relevant depressivesymptoms.”The study is the first to examine the association
29、 withdepression according to the type of chocolate consumed. Theteam assessed data from 13,626 adults from the US NationalHealth and Nutrition Examination Survey. A range of otherfactors including height, weight, marital status, ethnicity,education, household income, physical activity, smoking andch
30、ronic health problems were also taken into account to ensurethe study only measured chocolates effect on depressivesymptoms.After adjusting for these factors, it was found thatindividuals who reported eating any dark chocolate in two 24-hourperiods had 70 percent lower odds of reporting clinically r
31、elevantdepressive symptoms in the previous two weeks than those whoreported not eating chocolate at all.Chocolate contains a number of psychoactive ingredients which produce a feeling of euphoria. It also contains phenylethylamine (苯乙胺), which is believed to be important for regulating peoples moods
32、. Dark chocolate also has a higher concentration of flavonoids (类黄酮), antioxidant chemicals which lower inflammation and can prevent the onset (发生) of depression.However, British scientists pointed out that the decision to eat dark chocolate could be linked to other health factors. For example, peop
33、le who choose dark chocolate may be more healthconscious in general, which is known to protect against depression. Depressed people are also more likely to desire more sugary fatty foods and so could be less likely to pick a dark alternative when choosing chocolate.文章大意：科学家发现吃黑巧克力能降低患抑郁症的风险。此项研究是人类首
34、次根据巧克力摄入的类型来研究巧克力摄入与抑郁症之间的关系。但是英国科学家指出患有抑郁症的人更可能想要甜的和高脂食物所以在选择巧克力时不太可能会选择黑巧克力。5Which of the following statements is TRUE of the study？ A A. A minority of chocolate eaters suffer from depression.BA majority of people surveyed are depressive.CAll kinds of chocolate can help fight depression.DHalf of p
35、eople with depression are surveyed.解析：考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段最后一句可知，被调查的13 000人中7.6%的人患有抑郁症，而吃巧克力的人患抑郁症的仅有1.5%。由此可知，少数吃巧克力的人患抑郁症，故选A项。6The study is typical in that C .Ait pointed out the relationship between depression and chocolateBit demonstrated the protective effects of dark chocolateCthe findings wer
36、e based on the type of chocolate consumedDthe researchers conducted the survey worldwide解析：考查推断的能力。根据第三段首句可知，这项研究是第一次根据巧克力摄入的类型来研究巧克力与抑郁症之间的关系。由此可推断，研究结果是建立在人们摄入的巧克力的类型之上的，这是它的典型之处。故选C项。7What is the fifth paragraph mainly about？ B AThe advantages of chocolate.BThe reasons for the protective effects.
37、CThe causes of depression.DThe effects of chocolate.解析：考查理解段落主旨要义的能力。第五段表述巧克力中含有大量的能使人产生愉悦感觉的成分，还含有调节情绪的物质。另外，黑巧克力中富含更高浓度的抗氧化物质，可以减少炎症，防止抑郁症的发生，由此可以判断，本段主要介绍了黑巧克力对抑郁症有防护效果的原因，故选B项。8Whats the British scientists attitude toward the findings？ A ACautious. BSupportive.CUnimportant. DCurious.解析：考查理解态度的能力
38、。根据最后一段第一句和最后一句可知，英国科学家指出选择黑巧克力与其他健康因素有关。患抑郁症的人更可能想要甜的和高脂食物所以在选择巧克力时不太可能会选择黑巧克力。由此可推知，英国科学家对研究结果持有谨慎的态度。故A项正确。B项意为“支持的”；D项意为“好奇的”。.短文改错(2020四川省天府名校联考)My friend Miller still remembers the excitement when she begin to use the “red packet” function on WeChat in the 2018. The rule is the person who grab
39、s the highest amount sends the next. The amount of money one can grab depends on his and her luck. Attracted by this unique way of communication, she participated. Two years ago, when Miller was sent a 5. 20 yuan red packet, she had no idea about the hiding meaning. Now she has not only known about
40、them but also has got very familiar with Chinese culture than before. Therefore, people still send paper red packets with real cashes during the Spring Festival. The reason is that they regard give children lucky money as a blessing.答案：My friend Miller still remembers the excitement when she to use
41、the “red packet” function on WeChat in the 2018. The rule is the person who grabs the highest amount sends the next. The amount of money one can grab depends on his her luck. Attracted by this unique way of communication, she participated. Two years ago, when Miller was sent a 5. 20 yuan red packet,
42、 she had no idea about the meaning. Now she has not only known about but also has got familiar with Chinese culture than before. ， people still send paper red packets with real during the Spring Festival. The reason is that they regard children lucky money as a blessing.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。主要内容是我的朋友米勒回忆自己
43、初用微信红包功能时的经历和感受。解析：1考查时态。根据语境可知，in 2018是过去的时间，故此处应用一般过去时，故将begin改成began。2考查冠词。in后加年份，年份前不加冠词，故将the去掉。3考查表语从句。句意：规则是，谁拿到的钱最多，谁就发下一个。分析句子结构可知，is后是表语从句，且从句部分不缺成分，that用在表语从句中不做成分没有意义，故在is后加that。4考查并列连词。句意：一个人能拿多少钱取决于他或她的运气。根据语境可知，and是并列关系，而此处表示选择关系，故将and改为or。5考查形容词。句意：她不知道隐藏的意思。根据句意可知，hidden在此处是形容词，意为“隐
44、藏的”，而hiding是hide的现在分词，与题意不符，故将hiding改为hidden。6考查代词。句意：现在她不仅知道了，而且比以前更熟悉中国文化了。根据语境可知，此处指了解“微信发红包”这件事，而them指代前文可数复数名词，与题意不符，故将them改为it。7考查形容词比较级。句意：而且比以前更熟悉中国文化。根据句中的than可知，句子使用比较级，more多音节形容词，故将very改为more。8考查连接副词。句意：然而，在春节期间，人们仍然会发带现金的红包。根据句意可知，此处是转折关系，而非因果关系，故将Therefore改为However。9考查名词的数。根据句意可知，cash意为“现金”，是不可数名词，故将cashes改为cash。10考查非谓语动词。句意：原因是他们认为给孩子压岁钱是一种祝福。根据句意可知，regard sth. as sth.是固定搭配，意为“把当作”，regard后应加动名词，故将give改为giving。
