1、北京市丰台区2021届高三英语上学期期中试题（含解析）注意事项：1答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、年级、班级、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的准考证号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。2本次考试所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。3请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试卷、草稿纸上答题无效。4本试卷共100分，作答时长90分钟。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
2、第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was rather organized. Each of her objects had its _1_, but mine always hid somewhere. Over time, Kate got _2_ and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I w
3、ould lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got _3_ of each other.One evening _4_ broke out. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her shouting, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I started shouting. She shouted back louder.The room was filled with _5_.
4、 We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From the end of her conversation, I could _6_ right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly hid under her covers, sobbing(呜咽). _7_, that was something she should not go through al
5、one. All of a sudden, a feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, _8_ my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I was so buried in my work _9_I even didnt notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, and her tears dried. I looke
6、d up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “Thanks.”Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didnt always _10_, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.1. A. roomB. placeC. seatD. space2. A. uglierB. lazierC. cleanerD. brighter3. A. fondB. proudC.
7、tiredD. afraid4. A. warB. fireC. gameD. disease5. A. worriesB. concernsC. sadnessD. anger6. A. tellB. expressC. forecastD. show7. A. SurprisinglyB. ClearlyC. FortunatelyD. Excitedly8. A. broughtB. caughtC. madeD. changed9. A. whichB. thatC. whyD. what10. A. hurtB. playC. refuseD. agree【答案】1. B 2. C
8、3. C 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和室友由矛盾状态转化为和谐共处的故事。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的每一件物品都有自己的位置，但我的总是到处乱藏。A. room房间；B. place地方，位置；C. seat座位；D. space空间。根据上文Kate was rather organized（Kate却很有条理），可知，她的每件物品都有自己的位置。下文语义转折，对照作者的物品乱放，能够验证Kate物品都有自己的地方。故选B项。【2题详解】考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，Ka
9、te变得更加干净，而我变得更加凌乱。A. uglier更丑陋的；B. lazier更懒惰的；C. cleaner更干净的；D. brighter更明亮的。根据前文Kate was rather organized（Kate却很有条理）和本段所述Kate和作者相反的生活习惯可知，Kate更干净，更整洁了。故选C项。【3题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都厌倦了对方。A. fond喜欢的；B. proud骄傲的；C. tired疲倦的，厌烦的；D. afraid害怕的。根据上文Kate和作者截然不同的习惯，以及后文的相互争吵，可知，两个人互相厌烦。故选C项。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：
10、一天晚上，战争爆发了。A. war战争；B. fire火，开火；C. game游戏；D. disease疾病。根据上文Kate和作者的矛盾不同生活习惯，以及下文两人之间的对话，以及“I saw my shoes flying at me. I started shouting. She shouted back louder.”（我看见我的鞋子向我飞来。我开始大喊大叫。她更大声地喊回去。）可以判断，两人矛盾升级，成为敌对状态，战争爆发了。故选A项。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：房间里充满了愤怒。A. worries担心；B. concerns关心；C. sadness伤心；D. ange
11、r愤怒。因为Kate和作者习惯不同，矛盾升级，互相吼叫争吵，所以房间里充满了“愤怒”。故选D项。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从她的谈话结尾，我立刻就看出她的祖母病得很重。 A. tell断定，说出；B. express表达；C. forecast预报；D. show表明。根据句意，Kate接电话，从她的谈话中，作者判断出了Kate收到了不好消息，tell词意之一为“断定”，符合句意。故选A项。【7题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：很明显，她不应该独自承受这一切。 A. Surprisingly令人惊讶地；B. Clearly明显地；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Excited
12、ly兴奋地。根据下文“All of a sudden, a feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.”（突然，一种同情的心情涌上心头。）可知，作者感到同情，认为她不应该独自承受不幸，很明显的，作者要提供帮助。故选B项。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：慢慢地，我拿起了铅笔，拿回了书，整理了床铺，清洗了袜子，扫了地板，甚至是她那边的地板。 A. brought带来；B. caught抓住；C. made制造；D. changed改变。make theones bed “整理床铺”为动词固定搭配。故选C项。【9题详解】考查状语从句引导词。句意：我全神贯注于
13、工作我甚至没有注意到Kate已经坐起来了。A. which哪个；B. that那个；C. why为什么；D. what什么。分析句意可知，此句运用sothat句型表达，sothat意为“如此以至于”，that用于引导结果状语从句，符合句意。故选B项。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们并不总是意见一致，但我们学会了共同生活。A. hurt伤害；B. play玩耍；C. refuse拒绝；D. agree同意。根据文章开头线索，可知Kate和作者习惯不同，甚至因此而造成矛盾，可知，二人不会总是意见一致。另根据下文语义的转折，“但我们学会了共同生活”，可以验证前文应该表达 “我们并不总是意见
14、一致”。故选D项。【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。1.同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。如第1小题，通过上文的Kate的“有条理”以及下文和Kate相对的作者的“到处乱放”，可以准确的判断Kate的物品都有自己的位置，从而判断答place。再如第3题，通过上文了解到两人习惯不同，以及后文互相争吵，可以判断两人“互相讨厌”，从而判断答案tired。第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。One morning
15、, there were many people waiting at the bus stop. When the bus came, we all hurried on board. A boy, riding a bike beside the bus and _11_ (wave) his arm, caught my attention. He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy _12_ (run) up the
16、bus. Then he asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman shouted, “Oh, dear! Its _13_ (I)”. After that people began talking about _14_ the boy had done and the crowd of strangers suddenly became friendly to one another.【答案】11. waving 12. ran 13. mine 14. what【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了某天早上一个
17、骑自行车的男孩追上公交车，为了归还一个女人的手提箱的故事。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一个骑着自行车，在公共汽车旁挥舞着手臂的男孩引起了我的注意。分析句子结构可知wave在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语boy构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作定语。故填waving。【12题详解】考查动词时态。句意：最后，当我们到达下一站时，那个男孩跑上了公共汽车。根据上文“when we came to the next stop”可知事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填ran。【13题详解】考查代词。句意：一个女人喊道:“哦，天哪！是我的。”此处作表语，表示“我的手提箱”应用名词性物主代词mine。
18、故填mine。【14题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：在那之后，人们开始谈论这个男孩所做的事情，这群陌生人突然变得彼此友好起来。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指“男孩所做的事情”应用what引导。故填what。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Guilin is a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone(石灰岩) mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River. It _15_ (picture) by ar
19、tists in so many Chinese paintings. But a study of travelers conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top ten _16_ (destination) in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie and Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong,
20、 says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _17_ live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.【答案】15. is pictured/ has been pictured 16. destinations 17. who/that【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了旅游胜地桂林。桂林是游客寻找石灰岩山顶和漓江的黑色水域的梦想之地，已被列为全球十大旅游目的地之一，并且这座城市正迅速成为亚洲人的周末旅游胜地。【15题详解】考查时态/语态。句意：在许多中国画中，画家都画着它。/许多中国画家都画过它。分析句子
21、可知缺少谓语动词，但无明显表示时间的状语，句意描述的是客观事实，可用一般现在时，也可以用现在完成时描述为“已经有很多人画过它”，动词picture与主语it之间为被动关系，应使用被动语态，故填is pictured/ has been pictured。【16题详解】考查名词单复数。句意：不过，TripAdvisor网站对游客进行的一项调查将阳朔列为全球十大旅游目的地之一。根据空前的数字“ten（10）”可知名词应用复数形式，故填destinations。【17题详解】考查定语从句。句意：香港旅游公司Abercrombie and Kent表示，它会定期为生活在上海和香港的人安排快速旅行。分析
22、句子可知这是一个限定性定语从句，先行词为people，指人，可以用who或that引导从句，作从句的主语，故填who/that。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。The type of clothing completely relies on the person wearing it and becomes a reflection of personal identity. Lately, the choice of clothing is _18_ (important) than identi
23、fication through the color of hair, skin and gender. As every piece of clothing carries a strong message about its owner, every owner “nests” a certain value in it depending _19_ his mindset(心态) or todays mood. Therefore, the clothing of a person is a means of _20_ (communicate) with the outside wor
24、ld. It is the way of telling people about the “state” and the “status” of its owner.【答案】18. more important 19. on 20. communication【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了衣服的类型完全取决于穿着它的人，并成为个人身份的反映。最近，服装的选择比通过头发颜色、皮肤和性别来识别更重要。服装是一个人与外界交流的一种手段。【18题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：最近，服装的选择比通过头发的颜色、皮肤的颜色和性别的识别更重要。根据后文“than identification thro
25、ugh the color of hair, skin and gender”以及句意“更重要”可知此处应用形容词比较级，important为多音节词，变比较级前面需要加more。故填more important。【19题详解】考查介词。句意：因为每一件衣服都承载着关于其主人的强烈信息，每个主人要在其中“嵌入”某种价值都取决于自己的心态或今天的心情。根据句意表示“取决于”可知短语为depend on。故填on。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：因此，服装是一个人与外界交流的一种手段。此处作介词of的宾语，表示“交流”应填名词communication，且communication不可数。故填com
26、munication。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节 阅读理解（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADear Principal Stanton,The date for our annual Desert Path Pride Spirit Week is rapidly coming and the Student Council has been discussing some new ideas about how to celebrate school pride this year
27、. Since Spirit Week is the week before scheduled testing, we would like to suggest combining student festivities with preparation for testing. We want to assure you that all activities would focus on academics while providing fun for those involved.Our plan for the week is as follows:MondayMath Day
28、would include fun math games in the classrooms and school-wide activities such as guessing the number of bricks in a building, recording times at relay races, and competitions for multiplication facts.TuesdayReaders Roundup would focus on books and authors. Students and teachers can come dressed as
29、their favorite author or character from a book. This day would be great for the contest of “Best Reader”. Older students can share reading time with younger aged buddies.WednesdayWriters Day would display student writing from previously held competitions for types of writing like poems, stories and
30、essays. Of course there would be prizes given for outstanding writing in each category.ThursdayNo Fear Day would be where we have our spirited assembly (集合) to get us ready for testing. The Student Council could even put on a skit(短剧) showing how all of us at Desert Path are ready for test week.Thes
31、e are just a few of the ideas we are asking you to consider. We would like to have the opportunity to meet with you and discuss our plan and to hear what ideas you may have for Spirit Week. Please let us know when you can schedule some time to meet.Respectfully yours,The Student Council21. Why does
32、the Student Council write this letter to Principal Stanton?A. To discuss their plan.B. To advertise Spirit Week.C. To explain their test schedule.D. To invite the principal to Spirit Week22. If you want to read your favorite books to others, you will take part in activities _.A. on MondayB. on Tuesd
33、ayC. on WednesdayD. on Thursday23. If you do good jobs on Writers Day, you may probably _.A. be given prizesB. dress as you likeC. get high marks in the testD. have fun in school-wide activities24. Which of the following will most likely happen as a result of this letter?A. The principal will give p
34、rizes.B. Spirit Week will be cancelled.C. Spirit Week will be postponed.D. The principal will meet the Student Council.【答案】21. A 22. B 23. A 24. D【解析】本文是一封书信。学生会给校长斯坦顿写信，告知一些庆祝“Desert Path Pride Spirit Week ”的计划，希望能够和校长会面，商讨这些想法。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“The date for our annual Desert Path Pride Spirit We
35、ek is rapidly coming and the Student Council has been discussing some new ideas about how to celebrate school pride this year.( 一年一度的Desert Path Pride Spirit Week即将到来，学生会一直在讨论如何庆祝今年的学校骄傲的新想法。)”和“We want to assure you that all activities would focus on academics while providing fun for those involved
36、.Our plan for the week is as follows:( 我们想向您保证，所有的活动都将以学术为中心，同时为参与者提供乐趣。本周计划如下)”可推断，学生会给校长斯坦顿写信是为了讨论他们的计划。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Tuesday的计划中的“This day would be great for the contest of “Best Reader”. Older students can share reading time with younger aged buddies.( 今天是“最佳读者”竞赛的大好时机。大一点的学生可以和小一点的同学分享阅读时间
37、。)”可知，星期二是阅读日，如果你想要读你最喜欢的书籍给其它人，可以参加这一天的活动。故选B。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据Wednesday的计划中的“Of course there would be prizes given for outstanding writing in each category.(当然，每个类别都会为杰出的作品颁发奖项)”可知，如果作品好，会颁发奖励。故选A。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“We would like to have the opportunity to meet with you and discuss our plan and to
38、 hear what ideas you may have for Spirit Week. Please let us know when you can schedule some time to meet.( 我们希望有机会与您见面，讨论我们的计划，并听取您对Spirit Week的想法。请让我们知道你什么时候可以安排时间见面。)”可推断，校长收到这封信，会与学生会见面，讨论这些想法。故选D。BI think that I always knew I wanted to become an artist. I cant remember a time when I wasnt drawi
39、ng or painting pictures. My oldest sister and my brother were artistic, and watching them draw fascinated me. They had many different art supplies around the house. Boxes of pastels, little ink bottles and pens were very appealing.My parents and friends soon saw that I had more than a passing intere
40、st in art. It came to define much of my image. Relatives gave me art-related birthday gifts. At school I became “the kid who could draw,” a unique distinction, like “brainiest” or “best athlete”.As I got a little older, I began copying pictures: cartoons, comic books, and magazine illustrations.My t
41、hird-grade class wrote essays on what we wanted to be when we grew up. To me it was obvious. We read them aloud, and I told about the types of paintings I would some day try. Id have turtles with paintbrushes tied to their backs walking around on a big sheet of paper. Or Id fill squirt guns with dif
42、ferent colored paints and shoot at the canvas. I actually tried this with friends! Well, it sounded like a good idea.One of the only discouraging childhood experiences about my artwork happened in the fourth grade. During study time I was drawing a picture. My teacher took it away and wrote an angry
43、 note home to my mother. “David would rather be drawing pictures than doing his work!” I couldnt believe it, three exclamation points. School “art classes” were pretty uninspiring. Art never seemed to be taken as seriously as other subjects.In the eighth grade, a big career day was held. Months befo
44、re, we wrote suggestions for careers we wanted to hear about. On the big day, guest speakers from many fields came to talk, but there wasnt one that came close to an art-related field.In high school it actually sank in that I was going to be an artist. I already knew. Id always known. My parents wer
45、e excited about my choice, too. As I looked into art schools, I felt like doors were being thrown wide open. Until then my art was a private thing, but at art school I found a place where everyone as “the kid who could draw.”25. The author became interested in art because of _.A. his parents wishB.
46、some schools appealC. his family members influenceD. some experts suggestion26. In the fourth grade, the author _.A. began copying picturesB. drew with squirt gunsC. was discouraged by the teacherD. got suggestions from guest speakers27. From the last paragraph, we can learn that the author _.A than
47、ked his parents very muchB. went into a new world of artC. was still the only kid who could drawD. stopped learning art finally28. The story inspires people to _.A stick to their dreamsB. treasure what they haveC. obey the natural rulesD. choose their career earlier【答案】25. C 26. C 27. B 28. A【解析】这是一
48、篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了由于受到家人的影响，作者从小就对画画感兴趣，尽管在四年级时遇到过令自己沮丧的事情，但作者没有放弃，最终进入了自己理想的艺术学校。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“My oldest sister and my brother were artistic, and watching them draw fascinated me.”可知，我姐姐和哥哥都很有艺术天赋，看他们画画让我着迷。由此可推断出，作者对美术产生了兴趣是受家庭成员的影响。故选C项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段关键句“One of the only discouraging childho
49、od experiences about my artwork happened in the fourth grade.”可知，关于我的艺术作品，唯一令人沮丧的童年经历发生在四年级。再结合段落内容可知，作者在四年级时，由于在课上画画，被老师批评了。由此可知 ，在四年级时，老师的行为让作者感到沮丧。故选C项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Until then my art was a private thing, but at art school I found a place where everyone as “the kid who could draw.”可知，在去艺
50、术学校之前，我的艺术是私人的事情，但在艺术学校，我找到了一个人人都是“会画画的孩子”的地方。由此可推断出，作者去了艺术学校读书，那里有很多擅长和喜欢画画的人，作者是进入了一个与之前不同的、新的艺术世界。故选B项。【28题详解】推理判断题。文章主要讲述了由于受到家人的影响，作者从小就对画画感兴趣，尽管在四年级时遇到过令自己沮丧的事情，但作者没有放弃，最终进入了自己理想的艺术学校。根据最后一段关键句“In high school it actually sank in that I was going to be an artist. I already knew. Id always known
51、.”可知，作者一直都想成为一名画家并一直坚持这个梦想，由此可推断出，这个故事主要是激励人们要坚持自己的梦想。故选A项。CThe world is full of distractions. If you work in an office, it might be emails, phone calls or colleagues with questions to ask, which take your attention away from what you are doing or thinking about. If you are at home, it might be the
52、contents of the fridge or a sudden fixation on dust mites (尘螨) under the sofa. Sometimes it takes even less. If you are sitting and doing work and someone near you says something particularly interesting, that can pull your focus. If you are not careful, you will end up your day with nothing accompl
53、ished.So, how can we stay focused in our wandering minds? Switching off email or messaging services helps. And put your smart phone and other irrelevant screens awaythey attract your attention even if they are off. If you tend to pop on headphones and use music to shut out distractions, avoid listen
54、ing to anything familiar. Knowing the words or tune well will distract you even more.Not all distractions are bad, however. If you are doing something repetitive like stuffing envelopes or laying bricks, being distracted by listening to music or engaging in a conversation with a co-worker can ultima
55、tely increase productivity. Creativity can benefit from distraction too. Jihae Shin, now at the university of Wisconsin-Madison, has found that when people played Minesweeper for five minutes before coming up with new business ideas, they were more creative than those who didnt play.Switching betwee
56、n tasks can also help. In general, this is the enemy of productivity: it encourages mistakes, stops us from completing things, promotes forgetfulness and lowers the quality of writing. But when we are trying to come up with creative solutions, task-switching distractions can help prevent “cognitive
57、fixation” on ineffective approaches. So if you are a creative type, try lining up two or more tasks and spend your day switching between them.29. Why does the author mention many examples in Para.1?A. To reveal the troubles of distractions.B. To present the findings of recent studies.C. To highlight
58、 the values of multitasks.D. To emphasize the importance of being focused.30. What can be inferred about task-switching distraction from the passage?A. It will improve the productivity of the repetitive work.B. It may be shut out by listening to the familiar music.C. It may lower the efficiency of m
59、ultitasks.D. It will help to come up with new ideas.31. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Upsides and downsides of distraction.B. Distraction and creativity.C. How to stay focused.D. Causes of distraction.【答案】29. A 30. D 31. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。这个世界充满了干扰。不幸的是，世界也需要我们工作。文章就如何在走神的时候保持专注提出了一些建议。【29题详
60、解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The world is full of distractions.”（这个世界充满了干扰。）可知，第一段举例子是为了解释说明揭示分心带来的麻烦。故选A。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But when we are trying to come up with creative solutions, task-switching distractions can help prevent “cognitive fixation” on ineffective approaches.”（但当我们试图想出创造性的解决方案时，任务转换的干扰可以帮助防止对
61、无效方法的“认知固着”。）可推知，它会对想出新点子有帮助的。故选D。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，根据第一段的“If you are not careful, you will end up your day with nothing accomplished.如果你不小心，你一天就会一事无成”可知陈述了分心的坏处；根据第三段的“Not all distractions are bad, however然而并非所有的分心都是坏的”可知陈述了并非所有分心都有坏处，再结合文章最后一段“Switching between tasks can also help. In general
62、, this is the enemy of productivity: it encourages mistakes, stops us from completing things, promotes forgetfulness and lowers the quality of writing. But when we are trying to come up with creative solutions, task-switching distractions can help prevent “cognitive fixation” on ineffective approach
63、es. So if you are a creative type, try lining up two or more tasks and spend your day switching between them.”（在不同任务之间切换也会有所帮助。总的来说，这是效率的大敌:它鼓励错误，阻止我们完成任务，促进健忘，降低写作质量。但当我们试图想出创造性的解决方案时，任务转换的干扰可以帮助防止对无效方法的“认知固着”。所以，如果你是一个有创造力的人，试着把两个或更多的任务排列起来，然后花一天的时间在它们之间切换。）可知，文章主要讲述的是分心的好处和坏处。故选A。DLast year, Amer
64、icans spent over $30 billion at retail(零售) stores in the month of December alone. Aside from purchasing holiday gifts, most people regularly buy presents for other occasions throughout the year, including weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, graduations, and baby showers. This frequent experience of
65、gift-giving can generate ambivalent feelings in gift-givers. Many believe that gift-giving offers a powerful means to build stronger bonds with ones closest peers. At the same time, many worry that their purchases will disappoint rather than delight the intended receivers.Anthropologists describe gi
66、ft-giving as a positive social process, serving various political, religious, and psychological functions. Economists, however, offer a less favorable view. They think that gift-giving represents an objective waste of resources. People buy gifts that receivers would not choose to buy on their own, o
67、r at least not spend as much money to purchase. Givers are likely to spend $100 to purchase a gift that receivers would spend only $80 to buy themselves.What is surprising is that gift-givers have considerable experience acting as both gift-givers and gift-receivers, but nevertheless tend to overspe
68、nd each time they set out to purchase a meaningful gift. In the present research, psychologists find a unique explanation for this overspending problemgift-givers equate how much they spend with how much receivers will appreciate the gift. Although a link between gift price and feelings of appreciat
69、ion might seem relevant to gift-givers, such an assumption may be unfounded. Indeed, we find that gift-receivers will be less willing to base their feelings of appreciation on the gift price than givers assume.The thoughts of gift-givers and gift-receivers being unable to account for the other party
70、s perspective seems puzzling because people slip in and out of these roles every day. Yet, despite the extensive experience that people have as both givers and receivers, they often struggle to transfer information gained from one role and apply it in another.32. What does the underlined word “ambiv
71、alent” in Para.1 probably mean?A. ConcernedB. Conflicting.C. Negative.D. Positive33. What can we learn from Para.3?A. Gift-receivers link their appreciation closely to the gift cost.B. Personal preferences are the least to be considered.C. The assumption made by gift-givers is incorrect.D. Gift-givi
72、ng is a process of wasting resources.34. According to the author, the different thoughts between the gift-givers and receivers are caused by .A. a trend of overspendingB. an inability to shift perspectiveC. a growing opposition to gift-givingD. a misunderstanding of intention【答案】32. B 33. C 34. B【解析
73、】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国人经常购买礼物送给他人以此与对方建立牢固的联系，但许多人也担心他们购买的礼物不会让其满意。人类学家认为此举会产生积极的作用，但经济学家对此看法并不乐观，研究表明送礼者多花一点钱买礼物，而收礼者并不会认为送礼者花了那么多钱，这是由于送礼者和收礼者无法站在对方的角度来看问题引起的。【32题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段的“ Many believe that gift-giving offers a powerful means to build stronger bonds with ones closest peers. At the same time, m
74、any worry that their purchases will disappoint rather than delight the intended receivers.”可知，许多人认为送礼是与亲密的同龄人建立牢固联系的有力手段。同时，许多人担心他们购买的礼物会使对方失望而没有让其满意。由此可知，送礼物的人会有两种感受，一种是认为送礼物的方式是有用的而另一种是担心这样做不能使对方满意，即这两种感受是相矛盾的，因此conflicting（冲突的）可以解释划线词的意思。故选B。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“In the present research, psychologi
75、sts find a unique explanation for this overspending problemgift-givers equate how much they spend with how much receivers will appreciate the gift. Although a link between gift price and feelings of appreciation might seem relevant to gift-givers, such an assumption may be unfounded. Indeed, we find
76、 that gift-receivers will be less willing to base their feelings of appreciation on the gift price than givers assume. ”可知，在目前的研究中，心理学家为这个超支的问题找到了一个独特的解释：送礼者将其花费与收礼者欣赏礼物的程度等同起来。尽管礼品价格和欣赏感之间的联系在送礼者看来是有关的，但这种假设可能没有根据。由此可知，送礼者认为如果多花一点钱买礼物，收礼者会同等地多看重这份礼物的想法是没有依据的，即送礼者所作的假设是错误的。故选C。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“T
77、he thoughts of gift-givers and gift-receivers being unable to account for the other partys perspective seems puzzling because people slip in and out of these roles every day. Yet, despite the extensive experience that people have as both givers and receivers, they often struggle to transfer informat
78、ion gained from one role and apply it in another.”可知，送礼者和收礼者无法从对方的角度来考虑问题，这似乎令人费解，因为每天都有人在这两个角色之间来回切换。然而，尽管人们经常作为送礼者和收礼者，但他们经常难以从一个角色转换到另一角色上来并以此来考虑问题。由此可知，根据作者的说法，送礼者和收礼者之间的不同想法是由于他们无法转换视角来站在对方的角度看问题引起的。故选B。第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Getting Lost in a Good Book
79、Can Help Keep You HealthyIm a novelist and its obviously in my interest to encourage people to read. But theres increasing evidence that reading isnt just for pleasure, or merely a way of improving literacy skills and factual knowledge. _35_Firstly, reading helps to lengthen attention spans in child
80、ren and improves their ability to think clearly. _36_ It is essential to learn this skill as a small child. The more they do it, the better they get at it.Also, reading can help people learn to empathize(产生共鸣). A recent study at the University of Michigan found that there had been a 48% decrease in
81、empathy among college students. _37_ In a computer game, you might have rescued a princess, but you dont care about her, you just want to win. But a princess in a book has a past, present and future, she has connections and motivations. We can relate to her. We see the world through her eyes.As a ma
82、tter of fact, reading is far from a passive activity. Reading exercises the whole brain. When we read and imagine the landscapes, sounds, smells and tastes described on the page, the various areas of the brain that are used to process these experiences in real life are activated, creating new neural
83、 pathways. _38_ This doesnt happen when were watching TV or playing a computer game.Getting sucked into a good novel appears to be beneficial to our mental health too. _39_ Reading not only avoids feelings of loneliness, it helps us to wind down, de-stress and forget our own problems for a while.A.
84、Stories have a structure that encourages their brains to think in sequence, to link cause, effect and significance.B. In other words, our brains model real experiences, just as if we were living them ourselves.C. When we read a good book, were trying to find out its main idea.D. It might actually be
85、 good for our mental and physical health too.E. But those who did not enjoy these activities had lots of loss.F. As the old saying goes, “ Youre never alone with a book.”G. Encouraging reading could overcome this.【答案】35. D 36. A 37. G 38. B 39. F【解析】这是一篇说明文。越来越多的证据表明，阅读不仅仅是为了娱乐，或者仅仅是提高读写能力和事实知识的一种方式
86、，阅读还对身心健康也有好处。文章主要说明了阅读对人产生的一些积极作用。【35题详解】根据上文“But theres increasing evidence that reading isnt just for pleasure, or merely a way of improving literacy skills and factual knowledge.(但越来越多的证据表明，阅读不仅仅是为了娱乐，或者仅仅是提高读写能力和事实知识的一种方式)”结合后文主要说明了阅读对人身心所产生的好处，且上文中reading可对应到D选项中it。故D选项“事实上，它可能对我们的身心健康也有好处”符合语
87、境，故选D。【36题详解】根据上文“Firstly, reading helps to lengthen attention spans in children and improves their ability to think clearly. (首先，阅读有助于延长孩子注意力，提高他们清晰思考的能力)”以及后文“It is essential to learn this skill as a small child. The more they do it, the better they get at it.(从小学习这项技能是很重要的。他们做得越多，做得就越好)”可知，本句为过渡句
88、，承接上文具体说明阅读是如何提高思考能力的，且上文中improves their ability to think clearly可对应到A选项中encourages their brains to think。故A选项“故事有一个结构，鼓励他们的大脑按顺序思考，把原因、结果和意义联系起来”符合语境，故选A。【37题详解】根据上文“A recent study at the University of Michigan found that there had been a 48% decrease in empathy among college students.(密歇根大学最近的一项研究
89、发现，大学生的同情心下降了48%)”以及后文“In a computer game, you might have rescued a princess, but you dont care about her, you just want to win. But a princess in a book has a past, present and future, she has connections and motivations. We can relate to her. We see the world through her eyes.(在电脑游戏中，你可能救了一个公主，但你并
90、不关心她，你只想赢。但是书中的公主有过去、现在和未来，她有联系和动机。我们可以理解她。我们通过她的眼睛看世界)”可知，上文提出了大学生同情心下降的问题，后文则指出书籍可以帮助人们理解书中的人物，可推知阅读可以解决上文提到的大学生同情心下降的问题。上文中“there had been a 48% decrease in empathy among college students”可对应到G选项中this。故G选项“鼓励阅读可以克服这个问题”符合语境，故选G。【38题详解】根据上文“As a matter of fact, reading is far from a passive activi
91、ty. Reading exercises the whole brain. When we read and imagine the landscapes, sounds, smells and tastes described on the page, the various areas of the brain that are used to process these experiences in real life are activated, creating new neural pathways.(事实上，阅读绝不是一种被动的活动。阅读锻炼整个大脑。当我们阅读和想象页面上描述
92、的风景、声音、气味和味道时，大脑中处理这些体验的不同区域被激活，创造出新的神经通路)”可知，本句承接上文，进一步解释说明阅读对大脑的影响。故B选项“换句话说，我们的大脑会模拟真实的经历，就好像我们自己生活在其中一样”符合语境，故选B。【39题详解】根据后文“Reading not only avoids feelings of loneliness, it helps us to wind down, de-stress and forget our own problems for a while.(阅读不仅能避免孤独感，还能帮助我们放松心情，缓解压力，暂时忘记自己的烦恼)”可知，后文提到了
93、阅读能避免孤独感，即和书籍在一起你不会感觉孤单。后文中feelings of loneliness可对应到F选项中alone。故F选项“正如老话所说，和书在一起你永远不会孤独”符合语境，故选F。第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节 读后回答问题（共5小题；1-4题每小题2分，5小题4分，共12分）阅读下面短文，用自己的语言回答问题。In 2004, I was 18 and was working as a nurse in a small town about 270 km away from Sydney, Australia. I was looking forward to ha
94、ving five days off from duty. Unfortunately, the only one train a day back to my home in Sydney had already left. So I thought Id hitch a ride (搭车).I waited by the side of the highway for three hours but no one stopped for me. Finally, a man walked over and introduced himself as Gordon. He said that
95、 although he couldnt give me a lift, I should come back to his house for lunch. He noticed me standing for hours in the November heat and thought I must be hungry. I was doubtful as a young girl but he assured me I was safe, and he also offered to help me find a lift home afterwards. When we arrived
96、 at his house, he made us sandwiches. After lunch, he helped me find a lift home.Fifteen years later, in 2019, while I was driving to a nearby town one day, I saw an elderly man suddenly fall to the ground in the glaring heat. It was another chance to repay someone for the favour Id been given decad
97、es earlier. I pulled over and picked him up. I made him comfortable on the back seat and offered him some water.After a few moments of small talk, the man said to me, “You havent changed a bit, even your red hair is still the same.” I couldnt remember where Id met him. He then told me he was the man
98、 who had given me lunch and helped me find a lift all those years ago. It was Gordon.40. Why did the author decide to hitch a ride?41. What did Gordon do for the author?42. Why did the author help the old man?43. What message does the author want to convey?44. What will you do if you see an elderly
99、man suddenly fall to the ground? And why? (Use at least 25 words.)【答案】40. Because the only one train a day back to her home in Sydney had already left./ Because the train back to her home had left. 41. He made her sandwiches and helped her find a lift home./He gave her lunch and helped her find a li
100、ft. 42. Because she thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour shed been given decades earlier./Because she wanted to repay for the favour(kindness) she got before. 43. Kindness can be passed and rewarded./A good turn deserves another./Good deeds will pay off. 44. Ill run over and
101、 have a talk with him. If its serious, Ill send him to the hospital by taxi. If its not, Ill help him call his children or send him home. I think helping with each other warms the world.【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个名叫Gordon的人曾经帮助了作者，而15年后，作者在开车去附近的一个小镇时，看到一位老人在酷热中突然倒在了地上，帮助了老人，发现他正是多年前帮助了自己的Gordon。【40题详解】细节理解
102、题。根据第一段中“Unfortunately, the only one train a day back to my home in Sydney had already left. So I thought Id hitch a ride (搭便车). (不幸的是，每天唯一一趟回悉尼家的火车已经开走了。所以我想搭个便车)”可知，作者之所以想搭便车，是因为错过了最后一趟火车/因为回家的唯一一班火车已经开走了。故答Because she missed the only train back home. / Because the only train back home had left.【4
103、1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“When we arrived at his house, he made us sandwiches. After lunch, he helped me find a lift home. (我们到他家时，他给我们俩做了三明治。午饭后，他找人把我送回了家)”可知，Gordon不但给作者做了午饭，还找人开车送作者回家。故答He made her sandwiches and helped her find a lift home./He gave her lunch and helped her find a lift.【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段
104、中“It was another chance to repay someone for the favour Id been given decades earlier.(这是我报答别人几十年前给我恩惠的一次机会)”由此可知，作者之所以帮助老人，是因为她认为这是一个报答别人几十年前帮助了自己的机会。故答Because she thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour shed been given decades earlier./Because she wanted to repay for the favo
105、ur(kindness) she got before.【43题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I couldnt remember where Id met him. He then told me he was the man who had given me lunch and helped me find a lift all those years ago. It was Gordon.(我记不起在哪儿见过他。然后他告诉我，他就是多年以前给了我午饭吃、还帮我搭车的那个人。他就是戈登)”结合文章讲述了一个名叫Gordon的人曾经帮助了作者，而15年后，作者在开车去附近的一个小镇时，看
106、到一位老人在酷热中突然倒在了地上，帮助了老人，发现他正是多年前帮助了自己的Gordon。可推知，作者想要传达的是“善有善报”或做“好事总会有回报”的信息。故答Kindness can be passed and rewarded./A good turn deserves another./Good deeds will pay off.【44题详解】此为开放性题目，言之有理即可，题干为：如果你看到一个老人突然倒在地上，你会怎么办？为什么？可回答：我会跑过去和他谈谈。如果病情严重，我将乘出租车送他去医院。如果不行，我就帮他打电话给他的孩子或者送他回家。我认为互相帮助可以温暖世界。故答Ill r
107、un over and have a talk with him. If its serious, Ill send him to the hospital by taxi. If its not, Ill help him call his children or send him home. I think helping with each other warms the world.第二节 应用文写作（共20分）45. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Chris来信询问有关垃圾分类的情况。请给他回邮件介绍你所在社区开展垃圾分类的情况。内容包括：1. 垃圾问题的现状；2. 垃圾
108、分类的意义；3. 询问对方城市垃圾分类的情况。注意：1. 词数不少于100；2. 适当增减细节，使文章连贯；3. 开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Chris_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Chris, Im Li Hua. Knowing that you are interested in the activity named “Rubbish Classification”, now I am writing to tell you something about it. As we know, rubbish is an unavoidable part of ou
109、r life. Large amounts of rubbish, such as leftover food, waste paper, used plastic bottles and batteries are produced every day. However, dealing with rubbish has always been a big headache and rubbish is becoming a major environmental problem in our city. It is time that rubbish classification shou
110、ld be practiced in our country. Because, by classifying rubbish, we can recycle useful materials, save resources and reduce environmental pollution. Therefore, rubbish classification is a scientific and effective way to manage rubbish.What about the good measures of dealing with rubbish in your coun
111、try? Could you tell me more information? Looking forward to your earlier reply.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封邮件。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Chris来信询问有关垃圾分类的情况。请给他回邮件介绍你所在社区开展垃圾分类的情况。内容包括：1. 垃圾问题的现状；2. 垃圾分类的意义；3. 询问对方城市垃圾分类的情况。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：be interested in (感兴趣)；unavoidable(不可避免的
112、)；large amounts of(大量，许多)；such as(比如)；leftover food(剩饭)；deal with(处理)；headache(麻烦事)；environmental(环境的)；rubbish classification(垃圾分类)；classify(把分类)；recycle (回收利用)；pollution (污染)；effective (有效的)等。第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点
113、睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Knowing that you are interested in the activity named “Rubbish Classification”, now I am writing to tell you something about it. 运用了宾语从句；However, dealing with rubbish has always been a big headache and rubbish is becoming a major environmental problem in our city.运用了动名词短语作主语。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。