1、2020-2021届呼市一中高二上学期期中考试卷第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AWhats On?Electric Underground7:30 pm-1:00 am Free at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know whos playing in your area? Were bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are
2、you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract? If so come early to the talk at 7:30 pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. Hes going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music.Gee Whizz8:30 pm-10:30 pm Comedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Ge
3、e Whizz perform. Hes the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7:00 pm for drinks and snacks.Simons Workshop5:00 pm-7:30 pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stag
4、eThis is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening wi
5、th Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.Charlotte Stone8:00 pm-11:00 pm Pizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music: this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform, songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat
6、 and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta（面食）. Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.1. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?A. Jules Skye.B. Gee Whizz.C. Charlotte Stone.D. James Pickering.2. At which place can people of d
7、ifferent ages enjoy a good laugh?A. The Cyclops TheatreB. KaleidoscopeC. Victoria StageD. Pizza World3. What do we know about Simons Workshop?A. It requires membership status.B. It lasts three hours each time.C. It is run by a comedy club.D. It is held every Wednesday.【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应
8、用文。文章主要介绍了四则广告，分别有音乐表演以及戏剧表演，并对每场表演的内容进行了介绍。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一则广告最后一句“Hes going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music.”（他会告诉你如何找到合适的人来制作音乐。）可知，Jules Skye会谈论如何找到一个好的音乐制作人。由此可知，如果你想制作自己的音乐Jules Skye能帮到你。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二则广告“This joyful show will please everyone, from t
9、he youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7:00 pm for drinks and snacks.”（这个快乐节目将会使每个人，从最小的到最大的都很高兴。Gee Whizz真的知道如何让你笑!我们的酒吧从晚上7点开始供应饮料和小吃。）可知，这场表演能够让不同年龄的人都喜欢开怀大笑，表演的地点在Kaleidoscope。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第三则广告“5:00 pm-7:30 pm Wednesdays at Victoria St
10、age”（每周三下午5:00 -7:30在维多利亚舞台）可知，Simons Workshop的表演是在每周三进行。故选D。BThe discovery of Liangzhu CultureFrom December 1936 to March 1937, three archaeological diggings were carried out in the suburbs of Hangzhou,where loads of black ceramics and stoneware were brought to light.Inspired by these relics, an ar
11、chaeology lover named Sh Xingeng, who came from West Lake Museum in Hangzhou, wrote several detailed reports on the digging. However, he had to put his work aside when China started to fall into Japans military aggression. Shi joined the resistance movement against Japanese invasion and died of dise
12、ase in 1939. What passed away along with him during the war were many of Liangzhus precious relics.Fortunately, Shis reports were finally published in Shanghai in 1938, which caught considerable attention of archaeological circles, In 1959,the name Liangzhu Culture was given to the independent regio
13、nal culture by archaeologist Xia Nai. It represented an earlier civilization that had remained unknown to historians. The culture, as the radiocarbon dating applied to the relics proved, existed between 3,300 and 2,200 B.C.It is commonly believed that the earliest known Chinese written language date
14、s back to more than 3,000 year ago; when oracle bone script appeared in Shang Dynasty. But Liangzhu Culture might provide evidence of a written language that appeared in China at least 1,000 years ealiler.In 2007, Liangzhu Ancient City was reported to be discovered in Hangzhou, where archaeological
15、diggings revealed a large and early walled city in Chinese history. There were man-made hills and streams in the city area, which were very likely part of the early designed urban landscape. To protect the urban space which was formed by waterways and entrances both Inside and outside the city, a fl
16、ood control system was connected to the river networks and 11 dams. In the fields outside the wall, archaeologists discovered rains of the residences, tombs, workshops, and docks with wooden boats.4. What can we learn about Liangzhu Culture?A. It was well preserved.B. It was named by Shi Xingeng.C.
17、Many of its relics were lost during the war.D. It was discovered In 1959.5. Which of the following is the significance of Liangzhu Cultures discovery?A. It proved that Chins has a long history.B. It unearthed a great number of relics.C. It showed the professionalism of Chinese archaeology.D. It migh
18、t prove the existence of an earlier Chinese written language6. What can we learn about Liangzhu Ancient City from the last paragraph?A. It was e well-designed city.B. It showed the rules left by flood.C. There were no hills or streams Ia the city. D. It was the largest city in Chinese history. 7. Wh
19、ere is the text probably taken from?A. A travel brochure.B. A history lecture.C. A cultural website.D. An archaeological report.【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章是关于文化遗产良渚文化的发展的介绍。分析了其发现的时间、地点、人物和与此举为了解中国的文化带来的益处。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“What passed away along with him during the war were many of
20、 Liangzhus precious relics.(在战争期间随他一起去世的是良渚的许多珍贵遗物)”可推断，很多遗迹在战争中失去了。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It is commonly believed that the earliest known Chinese written language dates back to more than 3,000 year ago; when oracle bone script appeared in Shang Dynasty. But Liangzhu Culture might provide evidence
21、of a written language that appeared in China at least 1,000 years ealiler.(人们普遍认为，中国最早的书面语言可以追溯到3000多年前；那时甲骨文出现在商代。但良渚文化可能提供了一种书面语言出现在至少1000年前的中国的证据)”可知，良渚文化发现的意义是它可能证明了早期中国书面语言的存在。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“In 2007, Liangzhu Ancient City was reported to be discovered in Hangzhou, where archaeological d
22、iggings revealed a large and early walled city in Chinese history. There were man-made hills and streams in the city area, which were very likely part of the early designed urban landscape. To protect the urban space which was formed by waterways and entrances both Inside and outside the city, a flo
23、od control system was connected to the river networks and 11 dams. In the fields outside the wall, archaeologists discovered rains of the residences, tombs, workshops, and docks with wooden boats.( 2007年，有报道称在杭州发现了良渚古城，那里的考古发掘发现了中国历史上早期有城墙的大型城市。在城市地区有人造的山和小溪，这很可能是早期设计的城市景观的一部分。为了保护由城市内外的水道和入口形成的城市空间
24、，一个防洪系统与河网和11座大坝相连。在城墙外的田野里，考古学家们发现了民居、坟墓、作坊和木船码头的遗迹)”可知，良渚古城是经过精心设计的。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章标题“The discovery of Liangzhu Culture(良渚文化的发现)”结合通读全文可知，文章介绍的话题是关于非物质文化遗产的介绍，可知从网站中文化专栏中最有可能读到此文。故选C。CMicrosoft plans to erase its entire carbon footprint since its foundation in 1975. Microsoft aims to accompli
25、sh carbon negative by 2030, meaning that it will erase more carbon from the environment than it emits(排放). The company will minimize carbon emissions across its entire supply chain to zero. And the following step is to clean up all the carbon emissions it has produced since 1975, when it was founded
26、. What the company further proposed was that it would try to push for policies to price carbon and help clean energy technology develop faster. It is among the companies that approve of carbon tax.More attention has been drawn to removing carbon from the atmosphere. There are a variety of methods to
27、ward that, including nature-based ones, like planting trees, and technological ones, like capturing carbon directly from the air.“Microsoft will initially focus on nature-based methods like restoring degraded forests and planting new trees, ”said Lucas Joppa, the companys Chief Environmental Officer
28、. An investment of one billion dollars will also be provided for the development of carbon removal and reduction technology. Microsofts decision of counting its supply chains emissions is an extension of its previous commitment to run data centers mainly on the renewable energy.The companys intentio
29、n to promote low-carbon policies was highly recognized by environmentalist. “A companys most powerful tool for fighting climate change is its political influence, and were eager to see Microsoft use it, ”Elizabeth Sturcken, Managing Director of EDF+Business said.Other industries are also encouraged
30、to follow Microsofts example. But none of them has such a commitment, according to Gary Cook, senior analyst of Greenpeace. Nevertheless, Cook, together with some other environmentalists, criticized Microsoft for continuously cooperating with oil and gas companies. Amazons AWS service has faced the
31、same criticism for working with fossil fuel clients.“Theres a real disconnection between what theyre doing within their own company and their empowering of dirty energy, ” Cook said.8. What do we know about Microsoft In its “carbon negative” commitment?A. It will reduce its carbon emissions to almos
32、t zero.B. It will remove all the carbon from the environment.C. It plans to clean up its previously released carbon.D. It plans to include its clients in its future campaign.9. Which of the following approaches will Microsoft apply to reduce its carbon emissions?A. Collecting carbon taxB. Capturing
33、carbon from the airC. Exploring renewable resourcesD. Funding carbon reduction technology10. What do environmentalists think of Microsoft?A. They criticize it for its unrealistic promise.B. They think highly of it for its political influence.C. They praise it for its push for low-carbon policiesD. T
34、hey speak ill of it for its partnership with Amazon.11. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A. Health.B. PoliticsC. Technology.D. Environment.【答案】8. C 9. B 10. C 11. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是微软公司为促进低碳计划做出的努力。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据原文第一段“And the step is to clean up all the carbon emissions it
35、 has produced since 1975,when it was founded”（其步骤是清理自1975年成立以来产生的所有碳排放）可知，它计划清理之前释放的碳。故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据原文第二段“There are a variety of methods.like capturing(捕捉）carbon directly from the air.”（有很多方法可以实现这一目标，微软将专注于基于自然的方法，比如植树，以及技术性的方法，比如直接从空气中捕获碳）对比选项可知,从空气中捕捉碳是微软为了消除碳足迹所要采取的方式之一。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据原
36、文最后一段“The companys intention to promote low-carbon policies was highly recognized by environmentalists.”（该公司推广低碳政策的意图得到了环保人士的高度认可）可推知，环保人士赞扬它推动低碳政策。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的“Microsoft plans to erase its entire carbon footprint since its foundation in 1975. Microsoft aims to accomplish carbo
37、n negative by 2030, meaning that it will erase more carbon from the environment than it emits(排放). （微软计划消除自1975年成立以来的全部碳足迹。微软的目标是到2030年实现“碳负”，这意味着它从环境中消除的碳将超过它排放的碳）”可知，本文讲述微软为减少碳足迹所做出的努力。由此推知这篇文章可能出自环境（environment)的杂志，故选D项。DNASA selects university teams for space explorationThe moons permanently sha
38、dowed areas, nearly 384, 400 kilometers away from home, are the closest water source outside the earth. The craters have been dark since billions of years ago. But now with student-developed technologies, more about them can be discovered.Through the competitive Breakthrough, Innovative and Game-cha
39、nging (BIG) Idea Challenge and the Space Grant project, NASA has awarded nearly $ 1 million to eight university teams. They will build sample lunar payloads (装备) and demonstrate innovative ways to study the moons darkest areas.Its an exciting time for NASA and students across the country, said Drew
40、J. Hope, Program Manager of Game Changing Development program. Thanks to our partnership with the Office of STEM Engagement, this is the most money NASA has awarded in a student challenge directly connected to Artemis.The chosen teams will work out ways to gather data in and around the craters, gene
41、rate wireless power for future infrastructure, and enable autonomous mobility even in the most extreme environments. The research results could benefit NASAs Artemis Program and be used to study the moon ahead of a human landing in 2024 or help establish sustained presence by 2028. Each team will re
42、ceive different amounts of grants, based on the concept and budget they propose. They will develop and test the technologies in simulated(模拟的environments with the awards during the following 10 months, showing they are prepared for a possible lunar mission as early as 2023.Then in November 2020, a p
43、anel of NASA and industry experts will examine the teams research and development results at a face-to-face design review.One of the most exciting things about this challenge is that several of the concepts, if proven to be valuable as a result of these awards, could eventually be integrated and ope
44、rated together on the surface of the moon, according to Chad Rowe, Acting Manager of Space Grant project. These students are part of the Artemis generation and they are helping fulfil NASAS mission needs today, while developing relevant hands-on experience that will prepare them for aerospace career
45、s after graduation.12. What are the university teams supposed to do?A. Explore the mystery of space.B. Participate in a competition.C. Develop technologies to study the moon.D. Challenge NASAS Artemis program.13. What does the underlined word grants in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?A. Aid.B. Funds.
46、C. Tests.D. Chances.14. When will the students achievements probably be first put into use?A. 2020.B. 2023.C. 2024.D. 2028,15. How can the students benefit from the project?A. They can land on the moonB. They can get paid while doing the job.C. They can work In NASA after graduation.D. They can gain
47、 experience for their future aerospace careers.【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了一个有大学生参加的NASA发起的一个项目。学生们研究的课题如果被证明有用的话，是可以让NASA来实现的。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“They will build sample lunar payloads (装备) and demonstrate innovative ways to study the moons darkest areas.(他们将建立样本月球装备，并展示研究月球最暗区域的
48、创新方法)”可知，大学队的主要任务是开发新的研究方法去研究月球。故选C。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段“ Each team will receive different amounts of grants, based on the concept and budget they propose.(根据他们提出的概念和预算，每个团队将获得不同数额的grant)”中的budget(预算)可知，此处是指他们会根据自己的预算获得相应的资金。故划线词意为“资金”。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Then in November 2020,n panel of NASA and
49、 industry experts will examine the teams research and development results at a face-to-face design review. (然后在2020 年11月，一组NASA 和行业专家将通过面对面的设计审查来检查这些团队的研发成果)”可知，大学生的研究成果最早有可能被应用在2020年。故选A。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“These students are part of the Artemis generation and they are helping fulfil NASAS mission
50、needs today, while developing relevant hands-on experience that will prepare them for aerospace careers after graduation. (他们正在帮助满足当今NASA 的任务要求，同时开发相关的动手经验，这些经验将为毕业生的航空航天事业做准备)”可知，大学生参与的这些研究将为他们未来从事航天事业奠定基础。故选D。第二节(共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。_16_ While these compulsive
51、(无法控制的) actions may appear to be irrational or pointless, and may even result in negative consequences, the individual experiencing the compulsion feels unable to stop him or herself.The compulsive behavior can be a physical act, like hand washing, or a mental activity, like counting objects. When a
52、n otherwise harmless behavior becomes so consuming that it negatively impacts oneself or others, it may be a symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)(强迫症)._17_The former is an overwhelming desire to do something, while an addiction is a physical or chemical dependence on a substance or behavio
53、r. People with addictions will continue their addictive behavior, even when they understand that doing so is harmful to themselves and others. _18_Unlike compulsions and addictions, which are acted out uncontrollably, habits are actions that are repeated regularly and automatically.Habits typically
54、develop over time through a natural process called “habituation,” during which repetitive actions that must be consciously initiated eventually become subconscious and are carried out habitually.While there are good habits and bad, unhealthy habits, any habit can become a compulsion or even an addic
55、tion. _19_ For example, the good habit of exercising regularly can become an unhealthy compulsion or addiction when done to excess.Common habits often develop into addictions when they result in a chemical dependency, as in the cases of smoking. The habit of having a glass of beer with dinner, for e
56、xample, becomes an addiction when the desire to drink turns into a physical or emotional need to drink._20_While we can choose to add good healthy habits to our routines, we can also choose to break old harmful habits. A A compulsion is different from an addiction.B. It currently affects about 1 in
57、40 adults and 1 in 100 children in the U.S.C. Some of these behaviors are visible actions while others are mental behaviors.D. In other words, you really can have “too much of a good thing.”E. Compulsive behaviors are actions that a person feels “compelled” or driven to do over and over again.F. Alc
58、oholism, smoking, and gambling are perhaps the most common examples of addictions.G. Of course, the key difference between a compulsive behavior and a habit is the ability to choose to do them or not.【答案】16. E 17. A 18. F 19. D 20. G【解析】【分析】这是一篇选句填空。文章说明了强迫症是什么，强迫症与上瘾有什么区别以及强迫症与习惯的区别与关系。【16题详解】空格位于文
59、章首句。由第二句中的“these compulsive(无法控制的) actions”可知，首句中一定会出现一些无法控制的行为。选项E中的“Compulsive behaviors”符合语境，且选项E使用下定义的方法，在首句中引出文章谈论的对象，也是符合语篇结构的。故选E。【17题详解】空格位于段首。由空格后第二句中的“the formerwhile an addiction”可知，上句是将两个概念进行对比。选项A（强迫行为与上瘾是不同的。）是将a compulsion与an addiction进行对比，且an addiction与下句中的 an addiction呼应，a compulsio
60、n与下句中的an overwhelming desire to do something呼应，故选A。【18题详解】空格位于段尾。是对上一句举例说明。选项F中的the most common examples of addictions与上句中的“People with addictions will”呼应，故选F。【19题详解】空格位于段中。由空格后的For example可知，例子是来证明空格处观点的。举例的内容为（经常锻炼的好习惯当做的过度的时候也能变成不健康的强迫性行为或者成瘾），选项D（换句话说，你真的可能在一件好事情上过度）与这一例子的中心符合，故选D。【20题详解】空格位于段首。
61、空格后内容为：我们可以在日常生活中增加好的健康的习惯，也可以选择打破旧的有害的习惯。选项G中的“the ability to choose to do them or not（选择做与不做的能力）”与空格后句子中的两个choose呼应，故选G。【点睛】七选五题目主要考查学生综合的英语逻辑思维能力。一篇好的短文，不仅在内容上要前后一致，而且还要语篇结构清晰，上下文逻辑意义严谨。内容的前后一致体现在段内及语篇内话题的自然过渡。语篇结构主要体现为：文章是总分结构，还是按时间或空间顺序发展的，还是辩证三段论的编排的。逻辑意义的严谨最主要的可以通过代词、连词和副词等形式来体现。例如本文中的第一题主要通过代词these的指代关系解题，第五题主要通过主旨句与后边句子之间谓语动词的呼应解题。这两题明显体现着句子之间的逻辑关系。第二题主要通过句式解题，第三题是给出观点选例子，第四题是给出例子选观点，解题方法是一致的。具体解题步骤参看详解，这里罗列出来的七选五的解题技巧的类型同学们要积累，便于需要时能及时发现用什么技巧解题准确度最高。