1、杭州市2015高考英语阅读理解一轮练习（6）及答案【2015高考复习】阅读理解 High school dropouts earn an average of $9,000 less per year than graduates.Now a new study moves away a common belief why they quit.Its much more than failing in exams at school.Society tends to think of high school dropouts as kids who just cant cut it.They
2、are lazy，and perhaps not too bright.So researchers were surprised when they asked more than 450 kids who quit school about why they left.“The vast majority actually had passing grades and they were confident that they could have graduated from high school.”John Bridgeland，the executive researcher sa
3、id.About 1 million teens leave school each year.Only about half of AfricanAmerican and Hispanic(美籍西班牙的)students will receive a diploma，and actually all dropouts come to regret their decision.So，if failing grades dont explain why these kids quit，what does？Again，John Bridgeland said，“The most dependab
4、le finding was that they were bored.”“They found classes uninteresting；they werent inspired or motivated.They didnt see any direct connection between what they were learning in the classroom to their own lives，or to their possible careers.”The study found that most teens who do dropout wait until th
5、ey turn sixteen，which happens to be the age at which most states allow students to quit.In the US，only one state，New Mexico，has a law requiring teenagers to stay in high school until they graduate.Only four states：California，Tennessee，Texas and Utah，plus the District of Columbia，require school atten
6、dance until age 18，no exceptions.Another researcher says raising the compulsory attendance age may be one way to keep more kids in school.“As these dropouts look back，they realize theyve made a mistake.And anything that sort of gives these people an extra push to stick it out，is probably a helpful m
7、easure.”New Hampshire may be the next state to raise its school attendance age to 18.But critics say that forcing the students unwilling to continue their studies to stay in school misses the pointthe need for reform.Its been called for to reinvent high school education to make it more challenging a
8、nd relevant，and to ensure that kids who do stick it out receive a diploma that actually means something.【语篇解读】 学生为什么要辍学？是因为他们不聪明不努力而导致考试不及格吗？调查显示，并非如此。学校教育的乏味和缺乏实用性才是罪魁祸首。中学教育的改革势在必行。16Most high school students drop out of school because _.Athey often fail in examsBthey find school learning boringCt
9、hey are discriminated againstDthey are lazy and not intelligent答案B事实细节题。由第三段“The most dependable finding was that they were bored.”“They found classes uninteresting；they werent inspired or motivated.”一句可知。17According to the passage，which state will soon have a law requiring school attendance until 1
10、8?ACalifornia. BNew Hampshire.CNew Mexico. DUtah.答案B事实细节题。由最后一段第一句可知。New Mexico颁布法律规定学生必须毕业，并没有年龄限制。而California和Utah是已经实行了这一规定的州。18In the last paragraph，the writer is trying to _.Aanalyze the reason why students quit schoolBsuggest raising the compulsory attendance ageCraise awareness of reforming h
11、igh school educationDwish to make laws to guarantee no education答案C推理判断题。文章最后一段指出：强迫不愿意继续上学的学生留在学校显然是没有看到问题的关键改革的必要性。由此可见，作者是赞同中学教育改革并希望公众能注意这个问题。19What is the purpose of the author writing this article?ATo analyze the reasons why many students drop out of school.BTo introduce the measures to stop s
12、tudents from dropping out of school.CTo introduce the different regulations in the USA about students dropping out of school.DTo raise awareness of educational reforming in the USA.答案D主旨大意题。作者借助一份关于中学生辍学的研究结果，说明了美国中学教育改革的必要性。阅读理解课堂练学案（4）Passage Nine(Holmes Knowledge)His ignorance was as remarkable a
13、s his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the
14、Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar system. “You appear to be astonished, ” Holmes said, smiling at my expression. “Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it. You see, I consider that a mans brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with su
15、ch furniture as you choose: A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that th
16、e little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you know before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones.” “But the Solar System
17、! ” I protested. “What the deuce is it to me?” he interrupted impatiently. One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to
18、 run my eye through it. Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning
19、 was close and intense, but the deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a mans inmost thought. Deceit, according to him, was impossibility in the case of one trained to observation
20、 and analysis. His conclusions were as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer. “From a drop of water, ”said the writer,
21、“a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to
22、allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. ” This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession of evidences justified it.1.What is the authors attitude toward Holmes?APraising.Critical.CIronical.DDistaste.2.What way did the author take to stick out Hol
23、mes uniqueness?ABy deduction.By explanation.CBy contrast.DBy analysis.3.What was the Holmes idea about knowledge-learning?ALearning what every body learned.Learning what was useful to you.CLearning whatever you came across.DLearning what was different to you.4.What did the article mentioned in the p
24、assage talk about?AOne may master the way of reasoning through observation.One may become rather critical through observation and analysis.COne may become rather sharp through observation and analysis.DOne may become practical through observation and analysis.Vocabulary1.Thomas Carlyle 托马斯卡莱尔 1795-1
25、881美国作家、历史家、哲学家2.jumble (up) 搞乱，使混乱3.lay hand on (upon) sth. 抓住，找到4.at best 最好的情况下5.elbow out (off) 用胳膊肘挤出，推出6.deuce = devil what the deuce is it to me? 这里表示福尔摩斯的厌恶心理。 义：这倒霉的词儿与我有什么关系？ 7.while away the time 消磨/打发时间8.shrewdness 机敏，敏锐，犀利9.far-fetched 牵强附会，不自然10.fathom 看穿/透，推测，探索11.infallible 一贯正确12.un
26、initiated 对某事无知的13.Euclid 欧几里德（古希腊数学家）14.necromancer 巫师难句译注1.A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it.
27、【结构简析】主从句结构，主句A fool 后跟lumber的定从that he comes across。从句so that 中有一knowledge的定从which; or链接前后两个分词crowded out 与jumbled up;但第一个so that 从句又是后面so that 的主句。【参考译文】蠢人把他碰到的每种木材（制家具）都拿进来。这样，可能对他有用的知识都被挤出去；最好的情况下，也是和其他种种事情混在一起，所以他就很难抓住知识。2.Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted t
28、o show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way.【结构简析】并列句，连词and后的句中有宾从how much。【参考译文】这片文章稍有炫耀的标题是“生命之书”。它想证明一个善于观察的人通过对他经历到的一切事情都进行真正地系统地考察可以学到多少东西。3.So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned th
29、e processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer.【结构简析】复合主从句，so that句型。So句是倒装。正常句型应为：His results would appear so startling to the uninitiated that，that句中又是主从句，从句用until连接，中插by which定语从句修饰 the processes。【参考译文】他的结论对无知的人来说是那么惊人，所以他们很可能认为他是个巫师，除非他们学会了他用以得出结论的过程。4.
30、Like all other arts, the Science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it.【结构简析】并列句，nor连接。前一句中有定语从句which修饰one，后一句nor为否定词。【参考译文】像所有的其他艺术一样，演绎分析科学是一种通过长期默默的研究，可以习得的学问，而我
31、们的生命并不长得足以使任何凡人都能在这一领域取得可能是臻美的成就。写作方法与文章大意这是一篇“传记”，作者采用以反衬正的对比手法写出了福尔摩斯之惊人才华。第一句话开明宗旨“他的无知和他的有知一样卓越惊人”，接着就是种种无知，达到突出其有知的成就。两方面表达，一是福尔摩斯对无知的解释：不能照单全收；二是作者的反对见解衬托福之才华超人，能一滴水见大海。答案详解1.A 赞扬。作者以无知烘托人物之有知，以他本人的反对批评观点来证明人物的正确。否定及所谓机刺旨在铺垫。正反对比赞扬福之精明强悍，才智超人，洞察力强。2.C 作者采用对比手法。3.B 学习对你有用之物。第二段福之表白，他把头脑比作一个小小的空
32、屋，不能随意选择家具（知识）塞满空间，应选择“有用之才”，免得填满了废物，把有用之才挤出去。4.C 通过观察和分析人会变得很敏锐。最后二段都是讲福所写文章的内容。善于观察和分析的人可以一眼看透人之本质，一点水能知大西洋。这种一叶知秋的本领是通过长期观察、分析研究而得。也就是说，通过观察分析，人可以变得敏感聪慧，因为万物都有联系。社会生活型阅读理解(一)-(一)Ive spent over a year in India, and in those 365 plus days, Ive learned a lot about getting around Indian cities. My bi
33、ggest lessons have been learned through being cheated, particularly by taxi and rickshaw (人力车) drivers, but that doesnt mean those are bad ways to travel, as long as you know what youre doing. Below are the best ways to get around the city of Delhi, India, and tips for how to keep from being the vic
34、tim of scams (欺诈)Taking taxis is a great way to get around the city of Delhi and chances are, if you arrive in Delhi by plane, as soon as you make it through customs, youll be swarmed by Indian taxi drivers. At the Delhi airport, be sure to arrange for a taxi to your hotel at one of the two Delhi Tr
35、affic Police Taxi Booths. One is inside the airport, and one is outside. The key is to make sure to go to a booth run by the police, rather than by independent taxi drivers.Rickshaws are one of my favourite ways to get around Indian cities, in part because its how the locals often travel. Autoricksh
36、aws are more common, but bicycle rickshaws are still used in Old Delhi. If you do have a chance to take a bicycle rickshaw, you should do it at least once for a unique experience that should only set you back about 15 rupees. Autorickshaw rates around Delhi range between 30 and 80 rupees, depending
37、on the distance.If you really want to travel around Delhi like the locals, take a public bus. Indian buses become very crowded and most do not have air conditioning. They are, however, very cheap. A bus trip wont set you back any more than 15 rupees, as long as you stay within the city limits. Since
38、 Indian buses get so crowded, try to board the bus at the start of the route so you can get a seat.The train is a great way to get around within the city of Delhi. Fares are reasonable, between 6 and 22 rupees. All departure announcements are in both Hindi and English, and tokens can be purchased fo
39、r between 6 and 22 rupees.1The author is trying to _ in Delhi through this text. Agive some advice of travellingBexpect us to travel aroundCshow his/her experiencesDexplain the difficulties of travelling2To avoid being cheated, you ought to _ if you want to take a taxi at the Delhi airport.Apay more
40、 to the drivers to keep safeBshow your ticket to the driverCgo to a policerun boothDgo out of the airport 3The author suggests taking a rickshaw in order to _Asave some moneyBenjoy the comfortable tripCgain a unique experienceDhelp the local rickshaw drivers4What can we infer from the passage?AYou w
41、ont have to pay much if you travel around by bus in India.BIt will be difficult for you to get a seat if you get on the bus halfway.CA rickshaw driver only charges whatever amount you give him.DYoull have to speak English if you travel around in India.5Which may be the topic that follows?AHotel reco
42、mmendations in Delhi.BWeather conditions in Delhi.CFood and drink in Delhi.DCar rentals in Delhi.(一)【要点综述】 本文作者就在印度德里旅行时的交通方面提出了几点建议。1A细节理解题。通读全文我们可以看出，作者在本文中给读者提出了一些建议，告诉读者在德里旅行时应注意的几个问题。因此，本文的写作目的是要给读者提出建议。2C细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句我们可以知道，在机场搭乘出租车时，应到警察经营的摊位。3C细节理解题。根据第三段的第三句我们可以知道，作者建议乘坐人力车以获得一种独特的体验。4B推理判断题。根据第四段的最后一句我们可以知道，为了上车后能有一个座位，作者建议最好从起点站上车。这就意味着如果中途上车的话，就很难有座位了。5D推理判断题。由本文第一段的最后一句可知，本文主要介绍关于德里交通方面避免受骗的几个建议。因此，在所给的几个选项当中，只有D项与交通有关。据此，我们可以确定后面接着讨论的最有可能是汽车租赁业务。