1、杭州市2015高考英语阅读理解一轮练习（5）及答案【2015高考复习】阅读理解The British arent having as many children as they used to.One reason is that people are having children much older than before，meaning they have fewer years in which they can have them.After years at university，they need a few years of work experience before th
2、ey can get the job they want.They might then get married，but its incredibly expensive to buy a house in the UK.The above explains why young British people now dont move out of their parents home until they are around 30 years old on average.It is not until they are 30 that they can afford their own
3、home.Increasingly，it is not until that age that they can afford to get married and start a new life in a new home.Its only after this age that many young people start thinking about having a child.So a British person manages to get a job，get a home and get married.Why isnt he or she then having at l
4、east two children on average？The main reason is that it is quite expensive to bring up a child in the UK.Why is it expensive？Well，these days，both parents need to work just to pay for their home and living expenses.Because both parents are at work，that means they then need to pay someone to look afte
5、r their child during the day.Paying for this childcare is nearly always expensive.The recent financial crisis is making things even harder for families，since unemployment is rising and even fewer people can afford to have children.With so much pressure on families，is it any surprise that the divorce
6、 rate is so high?So what is Britain doing to try and save the British family？The government is trying to make it cheaper to have children.For example，there have been increases in money families can claim from the state each month.Also，there are increasing government subsidies for nursery schools，so
7、that parents do not need to pay so much for childcare.The government is also trying to reduce the number of hours British parents have to work to earn enough money to pay their bills.If parents didnt have to work so many hours，theyd have more time to spend with their children and wouldnt need to spe
8、nd so much on childcare.On average，a Briton works 49 hours a week，which is the most in Europe.The state is now considering introducing laws to encourage companies to improve their employees worklife balance.Lets hope theyre not too late to save the British family.Otherwise，the British will always be
9、 too tired，and wont have enough time and money，to have children.【语篇导读】文章主要讲述英国年轻人不像原来那样多生孩子的原因。36Young British people live in their parents home until around 30 because_.Athey are allowed to get married at 30Bthey cant find jobs to support themselvesCthey cant afford a house of their own until thenD
10、they enjoy family life with their parents答案 C 细节理解题。从第二段的第二句It is not until they are 30 that they can afford their own home.可知。37The British are now having fewer children than before for all the following reasons EXCEPT that_.Athey have fewer years to have childrenBthey live much shorter lives than
11、beforeCit is more expensive to bring up a childDpeople are losing their jobs because of the recent financial crisis答案 B 细节理解题。第一段的第二句One reason is that people are having children much older than before，meaning they have fewer years in which they can have them.解释的是A项；第三段的第三句The main reason is that it
12、 is quite expensive to bring up a child in the UK.解释的是C项；第四段的第一句The recent financial crisis is making things even harder for families，since unemployment is rising and even fewer people can afford to have children.解释的是D项；文章中未提到B项。38To make it cheaper to have children，the British government is_.Abring
13、ing down pricesBraising the salaries of parentsCreducing family income taxDincreasing subsidies for families and nursery schools答案 D 细节理解题。从第五段的最后一句Also，there are increasing government subsidies for nursery schools，so that parents do not need to pay so much for childcare.可知。39It can be inferred from
14、 the text that_.Awith long work hours，it is hard for British parents to balance life and workBmore and more families in Britain are breaking up because they are having fewer childrenCamong Europeans，British people work hardest and earn the leastDchildcare takes up too much energy and time for the Br
15、itish答案 A 推理判断题。从最后一段的第二句If parents didnt have to work so many hours，theyd have more time to spend with their children and wouldnt need to spend so much on childcare，可推知。40The underlined word“subsidies”in Paragraph 5 means_.Afood paid by the governmentBschool buildings for poor studentsCfree transpo
16、rtationDmoney from the government to benefit the public答案 D 猜测词义题。从本句的.do not need to pay so much for childcare可知。Passage Eight(The Development of Cities) Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it so
17、rted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant form city
18、centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute th
19、ere for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded wi
20、thin the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites
21、 to the Chicago region in just thirty years lots that could have housed five to six million people. Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion relat
22、ed to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside
23、city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.1.With which of the following subjects is the pa
24、ssage mainly concerned?A Types of mass transportation.Instability of urban life.C How supply and demand determine land use.D The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion.2.Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?A To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.To exemplif
25、y cities with and without mass transportation.C To show mass transportation changed many cities.D To contrast their rate of growth.3.According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?A It was expensive.It happened too slowly.C It was unplanned.D It created a demand for pub
26、lic transportation.4.The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city,A that is large.that is used as a model for land development.C where the development of land exceeded population growth.D with an excellent mass transportation system.Vocabulary1.revise 改变2.fabric 结构3.ca
27、talyze 催化，加速4.sort out 把分门别类，拣选5.omnibus 公共汽车/马车6.trolley （美）有轨电车，（英）无轨电车7.periphery 周围，边缘8.sprawl 建筑物无计划延伸，蔓延，四面八方散开9.lot 小片土地10.underscore 强调，在下面划横线11.transit lines 运输线路12.subdivision （出售的）小块土地，再划分小区写作方法与文章大意文章论述了“公共交通从三方面改变了城市的社会和经济结构。”采用分类写法。文章一开始就提出三方面：第一，促进城市实质性的扩展；第二，把人和土地分民别类加以利用；第三，加速了城市生活的
28、不稳定性。然后就是三方面的具体内容。答案详解1.D 公共交通运输对城市扩展的影响。文章开门见山提出这一点“公共交通运输从三个根本方面改变了美国城市的社会和经济结构。”后面文章内容就是三方面的具体化。A. 公共交通运输类型。 B. 城市生活的不稳定性。 C. 供需如何决定土地利用。这三项文中作为具体问题提到，并不是文章涉及的主要题目。2.C 说明公共交通改变了许多城市。答案箭第一段第四句“举例说，1850年，波士顿市界离老的商业地区几乎不到2英里，到了这世纪末，其半径扩至10英里。现在供得起的人们可以住得很远，远离老的城市中心，仍然来回去那里上班、购物和娱乐”。第七句，“举例说，在1890至19
29、20年期间，据记载，芝加哥市界内有约250，000个新的住宅楼区大多数设在郊区。经过同样这段时期，市区外，但仍在芝加哥大都市地区内，又计划建造了550，000个住宅楼区。”A. 表示成长的正反两方面效果。B. 举有无公共交通运输的城市为例。 D. 对比两者成长率；都不是本文中举两城市例子的目的。3.C 没有计划。见第二段第三句起“城市扩展蔓延根本无计划，好几千个小的投资商进行扩展，毫不考虑相互协调配合利用土地，也不考虑未来土地利用。”A. 太贵 和 B.太慢，两个选项，文内没有提。D. 它创造了对公共交通运输的需求。这不是住宅扩展的一个缺点，而是三个根本改变城市的一个方面。见第一段第三句：“通
30、过大量开发未占土地扩建住宅，公共汽车、马车、铁路、来回火车，有轨电车把已有人定居的居住区向外扩展了三四倍，比他们先现代时期的市中心更远。”4.C（第二段中以芝加哥城市例子说明）土地开发超过人口增长速度。答案详见第二段“这些购买和置备土地建设住宅，特别是购置临近城市或就在市界外的土地，抢在交通线路和中产阶层的居民进去之前。他们这样做的目的是创造一种需求，也是响应这种需求。芝加哥就是这种过程的典型例子。那里的房地产小块土地比人口增长快得很多很多。”A. 城市大。B. 用作土地开发的样板。 D. 具有优越的公共的交通系统。广告型阅读理解- (三)Summer Movie PreviewGreen L
31、anternRated PG13 (June 17，also in 3D)Directed by Martin CampbellStarring: Ryan Reynolds，Blake Lively，Peter SarsgaardDC Comics magicringbearing superhero Green Lantern flies off the page and onto the big screen this summer.Each Green Lantern wears a mystical green ring that gives them superpowers.The
32、y have sworn to keep peace in the universe.But when a powerful villain(坏蛋) named Parallax arrives on the scene，itll be up to the Corps newest and first human member，test pilot Hal Jordan (Reynolds)，to save the day.Judy Moody and the Not Bummer SummerRated PG (June 10)Directed by John SchultzStarring
33、: Jordana Beatty，Heather Graham，Parris MostellerJudys closest friends are leaving for adventures，including a circus camp and a mysterious island in the summer holiday.Judy is bummed when she finds out her parents are going to California，and she has to stay home with her Aunt Opal (Graham)Luckily Jud
34、y and Aunt Opal can turn an ordinary day into an extraordinary adventure.Maybe summer can be saved after all!Cars 2Not Yet Rated (June 24，also in IMAX 3D)Directed by John Lasseter，Codirected by Brad LewisStarring: Owen Wilson，Larry the Cable Guy，Emily Mortimer，Michael CaineRace car Lightning McQueen
35、 (Wilson) and tow truck Mater (Larry the Cable Guy) head out on a road trip to remember in Cars 2.In the 3D sequel，the pair travels the globe，such as Japan and Europe.But its Mater who goes for the ride of his life，when British agents mistake him for a spy.Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows：Part 2
36、Rated PG13 (July 15，in Theatres and IMAX 3D)Directed by David YatesStarring: Daniel Radcliffe，Rupert Grint，Emma Watson，Ralph Fiennes，Tom Felton，Alan RickmanThe ends not nearits here.After 10 years of bringing magic to the big screen，the eighth and final Harry Potter film hits theatres on July 15.Pic
37、king up where Part 1 left off，Harry (Radcliffe)，Ron (Grint) and Hermione (Watson) must race to find and destroy the last of Voldemorts Horcuxes，the objects that are helping keep the evil wizard alive.1Which of the following is not made as a 3D movie?AGreen Lantern. BJudy Moody and the Not Bummer Sum
38、mer.CCars 2. DHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows：Part 2. 2The underlined word “bummed” in the second part probably means “_”Aexcited BdisappointedCfrightened Dinterested3Which of the following is not a director?AJohn Schultz. BBrad Lewis.CMartin Campbell. DRalph Fiennes.4What cannot be inferred fr
39、om the passage?AHal Jordan will try to keep peace in the universe.BAt last Judy has a pleasant summer holiday.CMater was misunderstood by British agents.DHarry Potter film will never have an end.5According to the passage，we know the above films are all _A. about adventures B. intended for childrenC.
40、 played in June D. about romantic story (三)【要点综述】 本文为四篇暑假即将要上演的四部电影的预告。1B 细节理解题。由四个广告的第一句可知只有第二部不是3D电影。2B 词义猜测题。由画线词的前一句“Judys closest friends are leaving for adventures, including a circus camp and a mysterious island in the summer holiday.”可知，她的朋友在暑假要去探险，而又由画线词所在句“she has to stay home with her Aunt Opal”可知她不得不待在家里，她应该是失望的。3D 细节理解题。由最后一个影片中的“Starring: Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint, Emma Watson, Ralph Fiennes”可知，只有Ralph Fiennes不是导演，而是演员。4D 推理判断题。由最后一部影片中“The ends not nearits here.”可知，Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2是哈里波特系列影片的最后一部。5A 推理判断题。由四部电影的介绍可知，这四部电影都是有关冒险的，故选A项。