1、吉林柳河县2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解选练（1）及答案2016高考训练题-阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Dear Miss Manners， When an ice cube melts, it creates a puddle (水坑). When an ice sheet (冰盖)melts, it raises sea levels. It sounds simple, but scientists have debated for decades whether both the Antarctic and Greenland ic
2、e sheets actually were shrinking, and how much that melting contributed to rising sea levels. Now, a new study has provided the best evidence of how the polar ice sheets are responding to our warming world. In the study, An international team of scientists looked at 20 years of data in the ice sheet
3、s collected by 10 satellite missions. The teams conclusion: The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets both are losing ice overall. The researchers also found that between 1992 and 2011, meltwater from those shrinking ice sheets caused sea levels to rise by about 11 millimeters. Over the 19 years studie
4、d, the Greenland ice sheet lost 2.7 trillion metric tons of ice. The Antarctic ice sheet also shrank by about l.3 trillion metric tons. Previously, some scientists disagreed whether the Antarctic sheet, the largest mass of ice in the world, was shrinking or growing or neither. While the Earth is war
5、ming overall, the effect of climate change varies from region to region. Over the last 15 years, for example, scientists have something disagreed over how climate change has affected the polar ice sheets. Many studies found that the sheets lost a lot of ice and that not enough snow fell on the sheet
6、s to compensate for the loss. But other studies found that the loss of ice was balanced by the gain in snowfall. Richard Alley, a glacier scientist at Penn State University, said that many of those studies looked at different areas, and over different time periods. In addition, the studies didnt all
7、 use the satellite data in the same way. Those differences made it difficult to compare the results. The data in the new study matched time periods and areas. The study also combined measurements from kinds of satellites.12. Why does the author use a common-sense phenomenon as the beginning?A. To pr
8、esent the reason for ice sheet melting. B. To show us the result of a scientific experiment.C. To give a simple example to introduce the topic. D. To present a common daily finding obvious to the readers.13. The researchers reached their conclusion by_.A. analyzing the findings of former studies B.
9、referring to the data from satellitesC. observing the Antarctic and Greenland D. making measurements in the Antarctic and Greenland14. What does the underlined phrase compensate for in paragraph 4 refer to? ACut down. BLead to CBring about. DMake up for.15. Which of the following might be the best c
10、onclusion for the passage?A. Ice sheets are shrinking due to global warming. B. People are suffering from climate change.C. Rising sea levels makes people live in danger. D. Shrinking ice has nothing to do with sea levels.参考答案1215、C B D A阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014江西省九江市高三年级模拟考试】M
11、any people think of the brain as a mystery.They dont know much about intelligence and how it works.When they do think about what intelligence is，many people believe that a person is born smart，average，or dumband stays that way in the whole life.But new research shows that the brain is more like a mu
12、scleit changes and gets stronger when you use it.And scientists have been able to show just how the brain grows and gets stronger when you learn.Everyone knows that when you lift weights，your muscles get bigger and you get stronger.A person who cant lift 20 pounds when he/she starts exercising can g
13、et strong enough to lift 100 pounds after working out for a long time.Thats because the muscles become larger and stronger with exercise.And when you stop exercising，the muscles shrink and you get weaker.Thats why people say “Use it or lose it！” But most people dont know that when they practice and
14、learn new things，parts of their brain change and get larger a lot like muscles do when they exercise.Inside the cortex (皮层) of the brain are billions of tiny nerve cells，called neurons.The nerve cells have branches connecting them to other cells in a complicated network.Communication between these b
15、rain cells is what allows us to think and solve problems.When you learn new things，these tiny connections in the brain actually multiply and get stronger.The more you challenge your mind to learn，the more your brain cells grow.Then，things that you once found very hard or even impossible to dolike sp
16、eaking a foreign language or doing algebra (代数)seem to become easy after learning them for a period of time.The result is a stronger，smarter brain.Scientists started thinking that the human brain could develop and change when they studied animals brains.They found out that animals that lived in a ch
17、allenging environment were more “perspicacious”they were better at solving problems and learning new things.1. According to the first paragraph，_.Athe function of our brain is like that of the muscleBuntil now its impossible to explain the brains mysteryCmany people believe ones intelligence is natu
18、rally determinedDones brain grows stronger as the age increases2Training muscles is compared to_.Ausing the brainBconnecting things in your brainClifting weightsDdoing research about the brain3What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?AThe complex structure of the brain.BHow changes in the muscles affect the
19、 brain.CThe importance of the brain.DHow the brain becomes stronger by learning new things.4What does the underlined word “perspicacious” in the last paragraph probably mean?AStrong.BSmart.CPopular.DActive.5The following paragraph will most probably talk about_.Athe differences between animals brain
20、s and humans brainsBthe relation between human brains and musclesCscientists findings about animals brainsDhow to make your brain smarter through selfdevelopment语篇解读科学研究发现，经常学习能促进大脑的发育，正如经常锻炼能使肌肉更强健一样。1解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“many people believe that a person is born smart，average，or dumband stays that wa
21、y in the whole life.”可知C项正确。答案：C2解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“But new research shows that the brain is more like a muscleit changes and gets stronger when you use it.”可知答案。答案：A3解析：考查段落大意。本段详细描述了大脑如何通过练习和学习新事物而发生变化，从而变得更敏捷。答案： D4解析：考查词义猜测。根据破折号后面的“they were better at sloving problems and learning new things”可知，
22、该词应为“敏锐的”之意。答案：B5解析：考查推理判断。最后一段提出科学家是从研究动物的大脑得出的结论，因此下一段最可能进一步描述这些研究成果。答案：C.。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 (Chemistry and Biology)About a century ago, the Swedish physical scientist Arrhenius proposed a low of classical chemistry that relates chemical reaction rate to temperature. According to
23、 his equation, chemical reactions are increasingly unlikely to occur as temperature approaches absolute zero, and at absolute zero, reactions stop. However, recent experiment evidence reveals that although the Arrhenius equation is generally accurate in describing the kind of chemical reaction that
24、occurs at relatively high temperature, at temperatures closer to zero a quantum-mechanical effect known as tunneling comes into play; this effect accounts for chemical reactions that are forbidden by the principles of classical chemistry. Specifically, entire molecules can tunnel through the barrier
25、s of repulsive forces from other molecules and chemically react even though these molecules do not have sufficient energy, according to classical chemistry, to overcome the repulsive barrier.The rate of any chemical reaction, regardless of the temperature at which it takes place, usually depends on
26、a very important characteristic known as its activation energy. Any molecule can be imagined to reside at the bottom of a so-called potential well of energy. S chemical reaction corresponds to the transition of a molecule from the bottom of one potential well to the bottom of another. In classical c
27、hemistry, such a transition can be accomplished only by going over the potential barrier between the well, the height of which remain constant and is called the activation energy of the reaction. In tunneling, the reacting molecules tunnel from the bottom of one to the bottom of another well without
28、 having to rise over the barrier between the two wells. Recently researchers have developed the concept of tunneling temperature: the temperature below which tunneling transitions greatly outnumber Arrhenius transitions, and classical mechanics gives way to its quantum counterpart.This tunneling phe
29、nomenon at very low temperatures suggested my hypothesis about a cold prehistory of life: formation of rather complex organic molecules in the deep cold of outer space, where temperatures usually reach only a few degrees Kelvin. Cosmic rays might trigger the synthesis of simple molecules, such as in
30、terstellar formaldehyde, in dark clouds of interstellar dust. Afterward complex organic molecules would be formed, slowly but surely, by means of tunneling. After I offered my hupothesis, Hoyle and Wickramashinghe argued that molecules of interstellar formaldehyde have indeed evolved into stable pol
31、ysaccharides such as cellulose and starch. Their conclusions, although strongly disputed, have generated excitement among investigators such as myself who are proposing that the galactic clouds are the places where the prebiological evolution of compounds necessary to life occurred.1. The author is
32、mainly concerned with A. describing how the principles of classical chemistry were developed. initiating a debate about the kinds of chemical reaction required for the development of life.C. explaining how current research in chemistry may be related to broader biological concerns.D. clarifying inhe
33、rent ambiguities in the laws of classical chemistry.2. In which of the following ways are the mentioned chemical reactions and tunneling reactions alike?A. In both, reacting molecules have to rise over the barrier between the two wells. In both types of reactions, a transition is made from the botto
34、m of one potential well to the bottom of another.C. In both types of reactions, reacting molecules are able to go through the barrier between the two wells.D. In neither type of reaction does the rate of a chemical reaction depend on its activation energy.3. The authors attitude toward the theory of
35、 a cold prehistory of life can best be described asA. neutral. . skeptical.C. mildly positive. D. very supportive.4. Which of the following best describes the hypothesis of Hoyle and Wickramasinghe?A. Molecules of interstellar formaldehyde can evolve into complex organic molecules. Interstellar form
36、aldehyde can be synthesized by tunneling.C. Cosmic rays can directly synthesize complex organic molecules.D. The galactic clouds are the places where prebilogical evolution of compounds necessary to life occurred.Vocabulary1. Arrhenius equation 阿雷尼厄斯方程式2. Arrhennius (Svante August) 18591927 瑞典理化学家。1
37、903年获诺贝尔化 学奖3. quantum-mechanical effect 量子机械效应4. quantum mechanic 量子力学5. tunnel 挖隧道。这里指贯穿势垒6. tunnel through, onto 穿到进到，贯穿7. repulsive 排斥8. activation energy 活化能量9. formaldehyde 甲醛10. polysaccharide 多糖醇，聚合酶11. cellulose 纤维素12. starch 淀粉13. galactic 银河的，巨大的14. come into play 开始活动/起作用难句译注1. However,
38、recent experiment evidence reveals that although the Arrhenius equation is generally accurate in describing the kind of chemical reaction that occurs at relatively high temperature, at temperatures closer to zero a quantum-mechanical effect known as tunneling comes into play; this effect accounts fo
39、r chemical reactions that are forbidden by the principles of classical chemistry.2. Specifically, entire molecules can tunnel through the barriers of repulsive forces from other molecules and chemically react even though these molecules do not have sufficient energy, according to classical chemistry
40、, to overcome the repulsive barrier.3. Recently researchers have developed the concept of tunneling temperature: the temperature below which tunneling transitions greatly outnumber Arrhenius transitions, and classical mechanics gives way to its quantum counterpart.写作方法与文章大意 文章论述了“贯穿势垒效应”，采用对比手法。先是经典
41、化学定理和贯穿势垒效应之比较。说明两者使用的温度界限不同。低温时贯穿势垒效应作用取代经典力学。最后贯穿势垒现象和生活领域之关系。答案祥解1. C. 说明现在化学研究如何能和更广泛的生物学领域有关。最后一段基本上都是谈与生化的关系。“极低温时的贯穿势垒现象证明我对寒冷的史前生命的假说：在外层空间极其寒冷处，温度一般只有K的几度光景，有相当复杂的有机分子形成。宇宙射线可能激发诸如星际甲醛单分子在星际尘埃的乌云中综合。以后，复杂的有机分子，慢慢的，但稳定的通过贯穿势垒的方式形成。”后又有两位化学家提出“星际甲醛分子确实进化为类似纤维素和淀粉等多糖酶。”他们的结论虽有争议，却实在令人振奋，特别是文章之
42、作者，因为他正提出“巨大的云块这些地方，发生过生命所必须的前生物进化化合物。”A. 描述经典化学定理如何发展。 B. 开展一场有关生命进化所需的那种化学反应的辩论。 C. 搞清楚经典化学定理所固有的模糊点。2. B. 两类反应中，都有一个从一个势阱底部到另一个势阱底部的跃迁。见第二段第三句起“化学反应跟分子从一个势阱的底部到另一个势阱的底部的跃迁相类似。在经典化学中，这种跃迁只有跨过两阱之间势垒才能完成。位垒之高度为常数（固定不变）。这种跃迁叫做能量活化。在贯穿势垒效应中作反应的分子从一个势阱的底部通到另一个势阱底部不需要上升跨越两阱之间的位垒。”A. 两类反应中，反应中的分子都需跨越两阱间的
43、栏栅。 C. 两类反应中，反应中的分子都能穿过两阱之间的位垒。 D. 两类反应中，没有一种化学反应的速率取决于能量活化。 这三项都不对， 见上文。3. C. 有点肯定。 见第1题答案注释译文。因为证实了作者之假设。A. 中立。 B. 怀疑的。 D. 非常支持。4. A. 星际甲醛分子可以进化到复杂的有机分子。见第1题C答案注释译文。B. 星际甲醛分子可以通过贯穿势垒方式加以综合。 C. 宇宙射线可以直接综合复杂的有机分子。 D. 大块云团是生命所需复合物前生物进化发生的地方。这三项也可从第1题C答案注译译文看出其错误点。2016高考训练题-阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、
44、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Dear Miss Manners，The Gold Coast Wax Museum is one of the Gold Coasts longest running attractions. Its a collection of famous figures. Its Australias largest museum of its kind, featuring more than 110 life-size copies of wax figures of British and Australian History The Wax Museum is v
45、isited by many thousands of the people each year who are amazed at the amazing realism of the life-size figures in real costumes. This is your invitation to wander through at your leisure and meet many important and famous peoples figures on Queenslands Gold Coast Come face to face with such famous
46、people as Michael Jackson, President Barack Obama，Past President John F. Kennedy, King Husseins Royal Family members, and many others whose lives have all left an unforgettable mark on our world. Information cards are located alongside each figure, helping visitors know them well The old Coast Wax M
47、useum contains figures which have been crafted by leading local and overseas sculptors to international standards equal in quality to the worlds best, as seen in Europe, the United Kingdom, and USA. The detail in the figures is amazing and includes hair applied one strand(线)at a time, requiring many
48、 working hours for one hand and the eyes so real that they seem to follow the viewer aroundPrice Child (13 yrs): free Child (3-12 yrs): $22.00 Adult: $29.00Open hours Open 7 days a week, 10 am to 10 pm Closed Christmas Day (25 Dec.) and Anzac Day (25 Apr.)Location Ferny Ave, Surfers Paradise (Gold C
49、oast) QLDHow to get there You can choose any of the Gold Coast airport transfers, car rentals, shuttles and private transfers tofrom your hotelNotice to visitorsAll carried items including food and drinks will be inspected upon entryCoats, umbrellas, etc. should be left in the checkroom (max size 40
50、4050 cm and max weight 8 kg).The checkroom is to the left of the Main entrance (1.50 per item)When maximum checkrooms capacity is reached the Museum cannot accept any more items Bring your sense of adventure and your camera with you and see something exciting and quite uniqueFor further information,
51、 please click here to see more about gold coast wax-museumcontact Us Page9. According to the passage, visitors can_ . A. visit the Gold Coast Wax Museum anytime B. enjoy some world-class vivid wax works in the Gold Coast Wax Museum C. see many members of the Royal Family in person in the Gold Coast
52、Wax Museum D. meet many leading local and international sculptors in the Gold Coast Wax Museum10. If a couple and their 10-year-old son want to visit the Gold Coast Wax Museum, they may pay_.A. $58 B. $68 C. $80 D. $8711. When people come to visit this exhibition, they_. A. should have all their carried items checked at the entrance B. can leave their carried items in the checkrooms free of charge C. can take all their carried items with them without inspection D. should leave all their carried items in the checkrooms upon entry参考答案910、B C 11、A