1、四川省雅安市2014高考英语阅读理解金榜题名基础训练（4）及答案阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The $ 11 billion self help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “ I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed.” But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale
2、 right? Is there power in positive thinking?Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply stress how unhappy they are.The studys authors, Joanne Wood and J
3、ohn Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is too positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your stupid friend that he has the potential of an
4、 Einstein, youre just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the authors were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written
5、.In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students self-respect. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, I am lovable.Those w
6、ith low self-respect didnt feel better after the forced self-affirmation(自我肯定). In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who werent urged to think positive thoughts.The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people
7、 to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Instead, meditation (静思) techniques can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic way. Call it the power of negative thinking.41. What
8、 do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry? A. It was established by Norman Vincent Peale. B. It is a highly profitable industry. C. It is based on the concept of positive thinking.D. It has provided positive results.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。原文定位于首段第一句“The $ 11 billion self-help indust
9、ry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right”into positive ones like “I can succeed.”选项中的based on与文中的built on同义。42. What is the finding of the Canadian researchers? A. There can be no simple treatment for psychological problems. B. The power of posit
10、ive thinking is limited. C. Unhappy people cannot think positively.D. Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good.【答案】D 【解析】原文定位为第二段：“Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually ha
11、ve opposite effect;”之后，作者在下一段又再次强调了这一观点“older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse , not better.” cause of a tragedy与选项中的cause of the crash一致。抓住关键词“opposite effect；feel worse , not better”，答案即可一目了然。43. What does the author mea
12、n by youre just underlining his faults (Para. 3)? A. You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent. B. You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough. C. You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.D. You are pointing out the errors he has committed.【答案】A【解析】与答案较为相近的是选项D。本题关键
13、是正确理解文章中两个单词“underline（加强，强调）”与“dim（迟钝的，愚笨的）”。选项D中的point out是“指出”之意，与文章中的underlining意思不符。44. It can be inferred from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic that_. A. It is important for people to continually boost their self-respect. B. Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to ones mood. C
14、. Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-respect.D. People with low self- respect seldom write down their true feelings.【答案】C【解析】原文定位于第五段Those with low self-esteem didnt feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than tho
15、se of members of the control group, who werent urged to think positive thoughts。抓住关键词“didnt feel better；darker”。45. What do we learn from the last paragraph? A. People can avoid making mistakes through meditation. B. Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy. C. The effects of positive
16、 thinking vary from person to person.D. Different people tend to have different ways of thinking.【答案】B【解析】原文定位于最后一段。作者在最后一段提出了新的心理疗法，建议人们接受消极思维，而不要一味用积极思维去反抗。In contrast这一短语的应用，说明meditation是积极思维的对立面，即消极思维的一种方式。只有把自己的不足放到更广泛、更现实的层面去思考，才会大事化小，小事化了。选项A中的内容文中并未提及。阅读理解For ten years Jo Eddings felt that s
17、he had been banging her head against a brick wall. “I cant describe my frustration. I felt so helpless,” she says. “What I wanted was the help with my very bright daughter who had a problem with language.” She was slow to learn to talk and at 9 her reading and writing were still poor.“We took her to
18、 psychologists and all sorts of experts, but for years nobody seemed to be able to give us a proper diagnosis or know what to do.” But that changed this month when she heard a radio program about an exhibition called Genes Talking at the Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA) in London. It was about a
19、 research project to discover a gene lined with a condition known as specific language impairment. “As soon as I heard it I knew that this was what Id been looking for,” she says. “I wasnt alone; I wasnt mad. There was someone who understood my daughter.”SLI covers speech and grammar problems suffer
20、ed by children, the most familiar of which is dyslexia (诵读困难). About 8 percent of children are recognized as dyslexic. But a similar number may be suffering from other forms of SLI and are not recognized. The condition is the failure of different parts of the brain to deal with speech and language,
21、and different failures manifest (表明) themselves in different ways.The scientist involved in the ICA project was Professor Heather van der Leiy, the director of the Centre for Developmental Language Disorders and Cognitive Neuroscience at University College London, and a leading expert on SLI. “If we
22、 can find a genetic link, it will provide the kind of hard evidence that this is a genuine problem, which is needed if we are to cure the disease,” she says.1. The underlined part in the first paragraph probably means Jo Eddings couldnt _. A. understand her daughter and was very sad B. help her daug
23、hter out of trouble and felt helpless C. afford to treat her daughters disease and felt sad D. find where to treat her daughters disease and felt ashamed 答案解析：答案为B。本题为句意推测题。从划线部分后文 “I cant describe my frustration. I felt so helpless,” she says. “What I wanted was the help with my very bright daughte
24、r who had a problem with language.”可知，Jo Eddings 对于女儿的疾病感到沮丧、无助，他非常需要帮助。故答案为B。由第二段首句 “We took her to psychologists and all sorts of experts”可推测，他们带着女儿看了许多心理医生和各种专家，应该有能力支付治疗费用，故C选项错误。A选项和D选项的 “felt ashamed” 与文意不符。2. Jo Eddings was pleased when she _. A. visited and exhibition called Genes Talking B.
25、 heard a radio program about an exhibition C. discovered a gene linked with her daughters problem D. was given a proper diagnosis of her daughters illness.答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。由第二段 “But that changed this month when she heard a radio program” 可知，答案为B。3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the pas
26、sage ? A. Jo Eddings daughter was lonely and mad. B. Dyslexia is an unknown problem among the public. C. “SLI” stands for Specific Language Impairment. D. Jo Eddings daughters illness was cured at last.答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由第二段 “It was about a research project to discover a gene lined with a condition k
27、nown as specific language impairment.” 和第三段首句 “SLI covers speech and grammar problems suffered by children, the most familiar of which is dyslexia.”可以推断，C选项正确。 由第二段倒数第二句话 “I wasnt alone; I wasnt mad.” 可知，选项A错误。由第三段 “About 8 percent of children are recognized as dyslexic.” 可知，B选项错误。D选项未提及。4. On which
28、 column can we read the above passage in a newspaper? A. Education News. B. Health News. C. Business News. D. Economy News. 答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题。结合全文和最后一段研究SLI的专家描述 “If we can find a genetic link, it will provide the kind of hard evidence that this is a genuine problem, which is needed if we are to cure
29、 the disease,” 可推断，Jo Eddings的女儿的疾病属于基因问题，和健康有关，故答案为B。阅读理解课堂练学案（10）Passage Six (Equality of opportunity in the twentieth Century Has Not Destroyed the Class System) These days we hear a lot of nonsense about the great classless society. The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common ma
30、n has become one of the great clichs of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discredited. The monarchies that survive have been deprived of all political power. Inherited wealth has been savagely r
31、educed by taxation and, in time, the great fortunes will disappear altogether. In a number of countries the victory has been complete. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it? Close examination doesnt bear out the claim. It is a fallacy to suppose that all me
32、n are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. (It is debatable whether you can ever provide everyone with the same educational opportunities, but that is another question.) The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with
33、a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, survival of the fittest, and might is right are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For aristocracy read meritocracy; in other respec
34、ts, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained. Genuine ability, animal cunning, skill, the knack of seizing opportunities, all bring material rewards. And what is the first thing people do when they become rich? They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities
35、for their children, to give them a good start in life. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools which offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned because one of the principles in a democracy is that peop
36、le should be free to choose how they will educate their children. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It
37、 would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was. In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according t
38、o their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by
39、 a feudal king or an educated peasant.1.What is the main idea of this passage?A Equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system.Equality means money.C There is no such society as classless society.D Nature cant give you a classless society.2.According to the autho
40、r, the same educational opportunities cant get rid of inequality becauseA the principle survival of the fittest exists.Nature ignores equality in dispensing brains and ability.C Material rewards are for genuine ability.D People have the freedom how to educate their children.3.Who can obtain more rap
41、id successA those with wealth.Those with the best brains.C Those with the best opportunities.D Those who have the ability to catch at opportunities.4.Why does the author say the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent? BecauseA money decides everything.Private schools offer advanta
42、ges over state schools.C People are free to choose the way of educating their children.D Wealth is used for political ends.5.According to the author, class divisions refers toA the rich and the poor.Different opportunities for people.C Oppressor and the oppressed.D Genius and stupidity.Vocabulary1.d
43、iscredit 损害，破坏，败坏（某人的名声），不可信2.monarch 国王，女皇，君主政体3.millennium 千年 the millennium 千僖年4.bear out 证实5.level out （升跌之后）呈平稳状态6.meritocracy 英才管理，英才教育，能人统治7.knack 技巧，诀窍8.perpetuate 使永久，永存或持续9.indiscriminate 不加鉴别的，不加分析的，任意的10.boil down 归结为难句译注1. Close examination doesnt bear out the claim.【参考译文】深入探索证实此断言不确。（也
44、就是说太平盛世并没有成为政治现实）。2. might is right谚语：强权即公理。3. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world.【结构简析】lip-service口惠而实不至。EX: He pays lip-service to feminism but his wife still does all the housework.他口口声声说支持女权主义，但全部家务仍是他妻子的事。【参考译文】我们口口声声赞扬平等思想
45、，我们在西方世界中并不认为这一思想事错误的。4. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated person.【参考译文】最终，一切政治意识，都归结为一件事：不论你是由封建国王统治还是英才统治，阶级区分依然存在。写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇对“无阶级社会和人人平等”论点的驳斥文章。作者从四个方面进行论述。1、天赋的才能和智慧与平等原则无关。2、“适者生存，
46、强权即公理”依然存在。3、人获得的报酬是取决于人的才能而不是平等。4、金钱的作用，它不仅可以培育有能力的人，还是政治的后盾。只有金钱加能力是成功的关键。所以所谓平等不存在，更没有无阶级的社会。答案详解1. A 二十世纪平等的机遇并没有摧毁阶级。文章一开始就对无阶级社会的论点进行了反驳：有人认为君主整体已完全摧毁，幸存下来的王公贵族已经被剥夺了一切政治权力，继承的财产为税收大幅度的削减，到时候，巨大的财富将消失殆尽，在许多国家中，已全面胜利，人民进行统治，伟大的太平盛世已成为政治显示。作者认为：深入检查证实这一断言不实。第二段提出了即使人人都获同样的受教育的机会，可人的天然智慧和能力与平等原则无
47、关，适者生存，强权即公理依然存在。教育的普及摧毁了老的阶级体制，却创造新的，报酬是机遇才干成就。贵族统治就是英才统治，可在其他方面，社会依然，阶级确实存在。后面两段集中论述了金钱的作用。B.金钱意味着平等是错误的。C.不存在无阶级社会。内容是对的，但不是本文的主题思想。D.自然界不会赋予你一个无阶级社会。2. B 自然界在分赋人智慧和能力是不会顾及平等。A.适者生存的原则存在。根据这一原则无智慧和能力者难以生存于社会。C.物质报偿是根据人的真正能力。D.人们有自由选择如何教育自己的孩子。这三项都基于一点人的智慧和能力。有智慧能力才能生存，才能获报偿，这已经是不平等，即使获同样的受教育的机会，也
48、不可能铲除不平等。3. A 有钱的人。第三段一开始就点明：真正的能力、动物般机敏狡猾、技能、善抓机会的诀窍，这一切都带来物质报偿。有了钱的人首要作的事情就是给孩子最佳教育机会，而私人学校教育优于公立学校，人们又有自由选择如何教育自己的孩子。在这个意义上，英才教育在某种程度上是永存的。一个来自富有家庭的有能力的孩子要比其对立面获得成功要快得多得多。B.具有很高智慧的人，若没有钱是难以成功的。第三段的最后一句话也点明这一点，金钱同从前一样是强有力的武器。文章最后一段即使在完全遵循社会平等原则的社会里，禁止特权的私人教育，人们也是按能力获报酬。小心翼翼而又耗费巨大地把聪明的孩子培养成未来的统治者。C
49、.具有最佳机遇的人。D.是B和C的结合。4. A金钱决定一切。新的英才教育在一定程度上永存。没有钱，上不起私立学校，谈不上机会，更不用说英才教育。有了钱才能为孩子创造机会。B.私立学校提供的优越性高于公立学校。C.人们有自由选择教育孩子的方式方法。D.财富用于政治目的。第三段最后三句话：“财富也可以不加区别地用于更远的政治目的。没有强大的财政作后盾，成为民主国家的元首几乎是不可能。金钱和过去一样是强有力的武器，这也说明了金钱的力量，决定一切。”5. A 富人和穷人。纵然作者提及，同样的教育机会也不可能铲除不平等，因为上天赋予人之智慧是不可能考虑平等原则，可是作者也提到适者生存、强权即公理。贵族
50、政治可读成英才教育。这已说明英才指的是贵族的英才。第四段进一步指出有钱的人首先要做的就是给子女一个良好的教育机会。而私立学校的教育质量优于公立学校。有钱人家的有能力的孩子成功机遇就高。财产还可用于政治目的，要成为民主国家的领袖就得有雄厚的财力支持。钱财和过去一样强有力。即使在以社会平等为原则的社会中，私立学校被禁，酬劳还是以人的能力为准，大量需要有技能的工作人员，而差劲的人没有人关注。天才的孩子予以仔细而又及其昂贵的培养以成为未来的统治者。总之，政治意识归结为同一个东西阶级划分存在，不论你是为封建帝王统治，还是为受过教育的农民统治，从这里看，作者的class division指的是A项。B.人们不同的机遇。C.压迫者和被压迫者。D.天才和笨蛋。