1、四川射洪县2018高考英语细节理解+泛读一轮练习（12）及答案【阅读理解-细节理解】(2016全国，A)You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams (18601935)Anyone who has ever been helped by
2、a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson (1907196
3、4)If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor (1930present)When Sandra Day OConno
4、r finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the US.Supreme Court.OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years
5、on the top court.Rosa Parks (19132005)On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civilrights m
6、ovement.“The only tired I was, was tired of giving in，”said Parks.文章大意：本文主要介绍了在过去的一百年里四名杰出的女性以及她们对社会做出的贡献与影响。What is Jane Addams noted for in history？_A_AHer social work.BHer teaching skills.CHer efforts to win a prize.DHer community background.解析：考查细节理解。根据Jane Addams (18601935)部分的“Anyone who has ev
7、er been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense d community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need”可知， Jane Addams是因她的社会福利工作而出名。故选A。What was the reason for OConnors being reject
8、ed by the law firm？_C_AHer lack of proper training in law.BHer little work experience in court.CThe discrimination against women.DThe poor financial conditions.解析：考查细节理解。根据Sandra Day OConnor (1930present)部分“When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she coul
9、d not find work at a law firm because she was a woman”可知，她不能在律师事务所工作的原因是女性会受到性别歧视。故选C。Who made a great contribution to the civilrights movement in the US.？_D_AJane Addams.BRachel Carson.CSandra Day OConnor.DRosa Parks.解析：考查细节理解。根据Rosa Parks(19132005)部分的“It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off
10、 the civilrights movement”可知，她的举动最终推动了民权运动。故选D。What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text？_C_AThey are highly educated.BThey are truly creative.CThey are pioneers.DThey are peacelovers.解析：考查推理判断。Jane Addams是社会福利工作的带头人；Rachel Carson是环境运动的发起者；Sandra Day OConnor是反对性别歧视的领头人；Rosa Parks是民权运动的
11、推动者。由此可见，这四位女性都是先驱者。故选C。（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。“OK，” I said to my daughter as she bent over her afternoon bowl of rice.“Whats going on with you and your friend J？” Jis the leader of a group of thirdgraders at her campa position Lucy herself occupied the previous summer.Now shes_the_one_on_
12、the_outs，and every day at snack time，she tells me all about it，while I offer the unhelpful advice all summer long.“Shes fond of giving orders，” Lucy complained.“Shes turning everyone against me.Shes mean.Shes bad at math.Shes terrible at kickball.And shes fat.”“Excuse me，”I said，struggling for calm.
13、“What did you just say？”“Shes fat，” Lucy mumbled(含糊地说)into her bowl.“We are going upstairs，” I said，my voice cold，“We are going to discuss this.” And up we went.Id spent the nine years since her birth getting ready for this day，the day wed have to have the conversation about this horrible word.I kne
14、w exactly what to say to the girl on the receiving end of the teasing(嘲笑)，but in all of my imaginings，it never once occurred to me that my daughter would be the one who used the F wordFat.My daughter sat on her bed，and I sat beside her.“How would you feel if someone made fun of you for something tha
15、t wasnt your fault？”I began.“She could stop eating so much，”Lucy mumbled，mouthing the simple advice a thousand doctors and wellmeaning friends and relatives have given overweight women for years.“Its not always that easy，”I said.“Everyones different in terms of how they treat food.” Lucy looked at m
16、e，waiting for me to go on.I opened my mouth，then closed it.Should I tell her that，in teasing a womans weight，shes joined the long，proud tradition of critics who go after any woman with whom they disagree by starting with “youre ugly” and ending with“no man would want you and there must be something
17、wrong with any man who does”？Should I tell her I didnt cry when someone posted my picture and commented，“Im sorry，but arent authors who write books marketed to young women supposed to be pretty？”？Does she need to know，now，that life isnt fair? I feel her eyes on me，waiting for an answer I dont have.W
18、ords are my tools.Stories are my job.Its possible shell remember what I say forever，and I have no idea what to say.So I tell her the only thing I can come up with that is absolutely true.I say to my daughter，“I love you，and there is nothing you could ever do to make me not love you.But Im disappoint
19、ed in you right now.There are plenty of reasons for not liking someone.What she looks like isnt one of them.”Lucy nods，tears on her cheeks.“I wont say that again，”she tells me，and I pull her close，pressing my nose against her hair.We are both quiet，and I dont know if I have said the right thing.So a
20、s we sit there together，shoulder to shoulder，I pray for her to be smart.I pray for her to be strong.I pray for her to find friends，work she loves，a partner who loves her，and for the world not to deprive(剥夺)her of the things that make her who she is，for her life to be easy，and for her to have the str
21、ength to handle it when its not.And still，always，I pray that she will never struggle as Ive struggled，that weight will never be her cross to bear.She may not be able to use the word in our home，but I can use it in my head.I pray that she will never get fat.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。听到女儿使用粗鲁的语言评论别人，这使“我”感到非常震
22、惊。通过与女儿交流，“我”用自己的成长故事表达了对女儿的爱和祝愿。1The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 indicates that Lucy_Aoften makes fun of her friend J.Bhas turned against her friend J.Cgets along well with her friend J.Dhas begun to compete with her friend J.答案B句意理解题。根据第二段中的“Shes fond of giving orders， Lucy complained.Shes
23、turning everyone against me.Shes mean.Shes bad at math.Shes terrible at kickball.And shes fat.”可知，女儿对J.不满意，埋怨J.，由此可判断女儿和J.不和。on the outs意为“与不和”。故选B。2Why does the author want to discuss with Lucy?ABecause she wants to offer some other helpful advice.BBecause she has prepared the conversation for nine
24、 years.CBecause she is really shocked at Lucys rudeness.DBecause she decides to tell Lucy a similar story of her own.答案C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Excuse me，I said，struggling for calm.I said，my voice cold.”可推知，“我”很震惊，“我”努力使自己冷静下来，所以C项正确。故选C。3What does the author want to tell her daughter?AIt is not easy to take
25、the doctors advice to eat less.BPeople shouldnt complain because life is unfair.CShe herself was once laughed at for her appearance.DPeople shouldnt be blamed for their appearance.答案D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“There are plenty of reasons for not liking someone.What she looks like isnt one of them.”可推知，“我”想使女
26、儿明白不能取笑人的外表(如体态)，所以D项正确。故选D。4It can be inferred from the passage that_Athe author earns a living by writing storiesBthe author is a fat but goodlooking womanCthe author will stop loving her daughter for what she saidDthe authors daughter agreed with her from the very beginning答案A推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Words
27、are my tools.Stories are my job.”可知，写作是“我”谋生的手段，所以A项正确。根据第五段中的“Should I tell her I didnt cry when someone posted my picture and commented，Im sorry，but arent authors who write books marketed to young women supposed to be pretty？”可排除B项；根据第七段中的“I love you，and there is nothing you could ever do to make
28、me not love you.”可排除C项；根据第四段中的“She could stop eating so much，Lucy mumbled”可排除D项。故选A。5We can learn from the last paragraph that_ALucy was deeply moved by her mothers prayerBa mothers prayer will shape her daughters attitude towards lifeCthe author allows her daughter to use the F word in her headDthe
29、 author hopes her daughter will never have weight trouble答案D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“And still，always，I pray that she will never struggle as Ive struggled，that weight will never be her cross to bear.”可知，“我”祈祷女儿不会和“我”一样会因为体重而烦恼。故选D。6The authors attitude towards her daughter can be best described as_Aloving but
30、 strict Bindifferent but patientCsatisfied and friendly Dunsatisfied and angry答案A观点态度题。根据第七段中的“I love you，and there is nothing you could ever do to make me not love you.”可知，“我”很爱女儿；根据文章内容可知，因为女儿对别人粗鲁的评论使“我”震惊并对女儿进行教育，所以“我”对女儿要求严格。故选A。（社会生活、说理议论）【2016北京】ADear Alfred, I want to tell you how important
31、your help is to my life.Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150 at 17, Im anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADIID(注意力缺陷多动障碍). Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.However, when something did
32、interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I wanted to go to colleg
33、e after high school, but couldnt . So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center.Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently, Im learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of p
34、rinter paper, covered in self-written notes from your video. This has given me a purpose.Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the jobData Analystthis month and have been g
35、oing full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.Thank you. Youve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because Im doing someth
36、ing, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.This is why youre saving my life.Yours,Tanis56.why didt Tanis go to college after high school?A.She had learned enough about computer scienceB. She had more difficulty keeping foucesedC.She preferred taking online coursesD.She was too s
37、low to learn57.AS for the working environment,Tains prefers_.A .working by herselfB.dealing with the publicC.competing against othersD.staying with ADHD students58.Tanis wrote this letter in order to_.A.explain why she was interested in the computerB.share the ideas she had for her profession C .sho
38、w how grateful she was to the centerD.describe the courses she had taken so far【答案】56.B57.A58.C58.C写作意图题。根据倒数第二段“Thank you. Youve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself”可知，作者写信的目的是表达感谢，故选C。考点：人物故事类短文阅读3、数字计算题数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过
39、具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。4、排列顺序题这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。5、图表图画题在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。