1、四川射洪县2018高考英语主旨大意+泛读一轮练习（7）及答案【阅读理解-主旨大意】 (2017河北省石家庄质检一) Despite being used by 1. 34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube in London can actually be quite lonely. One citizen, however, is trying to change this. “You get on the Tube and its completely silent and its weird, ”says Jonathan D
2、unne, who has started a worldwide dialogue after giving out badges (徽章) with the words “Tube chat？” last month, encouraging passengers in London to get talking to one another. “I handed out 500 badges during rush hour in a city of 8 million, expecting most of them to be thrown away, but after about
3、24 hours it completely snowballed，” he says. Dunne and his “Tube chat” campaign have since been reported by media across the world, seeing TV interviews in Sweden, Brazil and the UK, as well as countless website, newspaper and magazine appearances.Although Dunne says hes received mostly positive fee
4、dback, not everyone agrees with his idea. Londoner Brian Wilson responded with a campaign of his own, handing out 500 badges with the words “Dont even think about it” on them. Michael Robinson, 24, a student from London, agrees. “Being on the Tube is the only peace and quiet some people get on their
5、 journeys to and from work. It doesnt need to be spoiled by people coming up and chatting to you, ”he says.“People assume that I just walk up and talk to strangers, which I dont, but its been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to，”Dunne says.So if you ever end up using p
6、ublic transport in the West, why not say hello to the person next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first.文章大意：每年乘坐伦敦地铁的乘客众多，可是人们仍然感到孤独；为此Jonathan Dunne发起了一个旨在鼓励乘客相互交谈的运动，此举引起了世界媒体的关注。尽管如此，人们对此仍有不同的态度。段意梳理第一段：尽管伦敦地铁每年运载的乘客众多，但是乘客们仍感到孤独。第二段：Dunne向乘客发放特制徽章鼓励乘客们相互交谈，此运动引起了全世界的关注。第三段：一些人对此运动持否
7、定态度。第四段：Dunne认为和陌生人讲话是认识别人的好机会。第五段：在西方国家旅游时，如果你乘坐了公共交通工具，可以试着跟陌生人打招呼。How did Dunne encourage London passengers to talk with each other_C_ABy putting up posters on the tube.BBy advocating his idea on the media.CBy offering passengers special badges.DBy starting a dialogue with passengers.解析：考查细节理解。根据
8、第二段的“who has started a worldwide dialogue after giving out badges(徽章)with the wordsTube chat？”，可知，Dunne用给乘客们分发写着“Tube chat？”的徽章来鼓励乘客聊天，故C项正确。How is Dunnes campaign getting along？_A_AIt has caught international attention.BIt has become a worldwide campaign.CMost passengers have refused to accept it.D
9、Wilson has made great efforts to promote it.解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段的“Tube chat campaign have since been reported by media across the world，seeing TV interviews in Sweden，Brazil and the UK, as well as countless website，newspaper and magazine appearances”可知，Dunne和他的“Tube chat”运动引起了世界各种媒体的关注，故A项正确。According to
10、 Michael Robinson, what should tube passengers do？_D_AHand in their feedback in time.BWalk up and talk to strangers.CStop using public transport.DEnjoy the peace quietly.解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段的“Being on the Tube is the only peace and quiet some people get on their journeys to and from work.It doesnt need t
11、o be spoiled by people coming up and chatting to you”可知，Michael Robinson认为乘伦敦地铁是人们上下班时享受安静的时刻，而不是交谈的时刻，故D项正确。What can be the best title for the text？_A_ATube Chat or NotBLonely Travel in the London TubeCSilence on the TubeDTube Passengers Wearing Badges解析：考查标题判断。通读全文可知，文章第二段介绍Dunne和他的“Tube chat”运动引起
12、了世界各种媒体的关注；第三段介绍一些人持不同的观点；最后一段建议如果要跟陌生人打招呼，先看看他有没有徽章。据此可以判断，文章主要介绍了人们对于是否在伦敦地铁相互交谈持不同的观点，故A项最能概括文意。（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。体裁：记叙文话题：动物世界词数：330时间：7Tropical fish hobbyists will tell you their tanks are a source of relaxation，but recent research suggests the fish might disagree.Many American h
13、ouseholds contain a fish tank，whose average size is less than 10 gallons.Yet a study comparing the behavior of common freshwater fish found that those kept in such small tanks were more aggressive than those in larger ones and were more likely to fight.“If people kept dogs in these conditions，theyd
14、be put in prison，” said the author，Ronald Oldfield.“In larger tanks，the fish were not in continuous eyesight of each other.They were swimming around，checking everything out rather than beating each other，” he added.“Its something we should think about.”The study consisted of two experiments.In one，D
15、r.Oldfield tested the effects of overcrowding by keeping tank size constant (不变) while increasing the number of fish.In the other，he tested environment by placing three fish in tanks of different sizes.He then recorded their behavior at least two hours after feeding，to eliminate (排除)competitive beha
16、viors related to food.While aggression seemed to remain constant regardless of the number of fish in a tank，it dropped off considerably once the fish were placed in a 100gallon tank with several plants and rocks to form shelters.The findings confirmed what he found when observing Midas in the wild.“
17、If you go out and observe these fish swimming in a river，” he said，“theyre not aggressive at all，really.” This conclusion is not news to Justin Muir，the owner of a fish tank business.“More volume of water is always better.It keeps the fish healthier，and the tank is more stable.”【语篇解读】本文叙述了热带鱼的生活习性。当
18、它们的生活空间越小时，它们的侵略性就越强；反之，如果生活空间越大，侵略性越小。1We can conclude from the study that _Athe fish in small rivers are more likely to fight than those in larger onesBif you keep fish in tanks of less than 10 gallons，youll be put into prisonCpeople havent paid enough attention to the feeling of fish in smaller t
19、anksDthe fish in the wild are more aggressive than those kept in tanks答案C推理判断题。由第二段和第三段内容可知，人们大多把鱼养在小的鱼缸里，故选C项。A项中讲的是河流，而全文讲的是鱼缸，故A项错误；由第三段第一句可知B项错误；由全文特别是最后一段可知D项错误。2How was the first experiment performed?ABy putting more and more fish in the same tank.BBy putting fish in tanks of different sizes.C
20、By putting some food to test the behavior of fish.DBy putting fish in a tank with plants and rocks.答案A细节理解题。由第四段第二句可知答案。3The two experiments prove that _Afood competition results in the aggressive behavior of fishBfish become more aggressive as more fish are put into a tankCcrowding is the main caus
21、e of the aggressive behavior of fishDfish become less aggressive when placed in a 100gallon tank答案D推理判断题。由倒数第二段最后一句可知，如果把鱼放在100加仑的鱼缸里，它们会停止攻击，故选D项。A项太片面；由倒数第二段最后一句可排除B、C两项。4The best title for this passage might be _AAnimals Right to Live at EaseBPicture of Relaxation Only If Youre Not InsideCHow to
22、Keep Tropical Fish as PetsDHow to Deal with Fishs Aggressive Behavior答案B主旨大意题。由短文内容可知，作者主要告诉我们鱼缸的大小决定鱼生活得是否舒适、侵略性的大小，故选B项。（社会生活、说理议论）【2015浙江】D In 2004 ,when my daughter Becky was ten , she and my husband ,Joe, were united in their desire for a dog . As for me , I shared none of their canine lust. Bu
23、t why , they pleaded. “Because I dont have time to take care of a dog.” But well do it. ” Really? Youre going to walk the dog? Feed the dog? Bathe the dog?” Yes, yes , and yes .”I dont believe you .” We will . We promise. They didnt . From day two (everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first d
24、ay ) , neither thought to walk the dog . While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots , to schedule her vet appointments , to feed and clean her , Misty knew this on day one . As she looked up at the three new humans in her life (small, medium, and large) , she calcu
25、lated ,”The medium one is the sucker in the pack .”Quickly, she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld (心灵融合) . Shed look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers , beam her need , and then wait , trusting I would understand which , strangely , I almost always did . In no time ,
26、 she became my feet as I read , and splaying across my stomach as I watched television . Even so , part of me continued to resent walking duty . Joe and Becky had promised. Not fair , Id balk (不心甘情愿地做) silently as she and I walked . “Not fair , ” I d loudly remind anyone within earshot upon our retu
27、rn home . Then one day January 1, 2007 , to be exact my husband s doctor uttered an unthinkable word : leukemia ( 白血病) .With that , I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital , doing any44thing and everything I could to ease his discomfort. During those six months of hospitalizations,
28、 Becky, 12 at the time, adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from school. My work colleagues adjusted to my taking off at a moments notice for medical emergencies. Every part of my life changed; no part of my old routine remained. Save one: Misty still needed walking. At the
29、 beginning, when friends offered to take herthrough her paces, I declined because I knew they had their own households to deal with. As the months went by，I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk Misty. The walk in the morning before I headed to the hospital was a quiet, peaceful time to ga
30、ther my thoughts or to just be before the days medical drama unfolded. The evening walk was a time to shake off the days upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go to white noise. When serious illness visits your household, its , not just your daily routine and your assumptions about the future t
31、hat are no longer familiar. Pretty much everyone you acts differently. Not Misty. Take her for a walk, and she had no interest in Joes blood counts or one marrow test results. On the street or in the park, she had only one thing on her mind: squirrels! She Was so joyous that even on the worst days,
32、she could make me smile. On a daily basis she reminded me that life goes on. After Joe died in 2009，Misty slept on his pillow.Im grateful一to a point. The truth is, after years of balking, Ive come to enjoy m walks with Misty. As I watch her chase after a squirrel, throwing her whole being into the h
33、ere-and-now of an exercise that has never once ended in victory, she reminds me, too, that no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future , theres almost always some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment.55. why didnt the writer agree to raise a dog at the beginning of the stor
34、y?A. She was afraid the dog would get the family, into trouble.B. It would be her business to take care of the dogC. Her husband and daughter were united as one.D. She didnt want to spoil he daughter.56. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to The medium one is “he sucker in the pack.” (
35、Paragraph 3)?A. The middle-aged person loves me most.”B. ”The medium-sized woman is the hostess.”C. The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.”D. The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.”57. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_.A. Misty was quite cleverB. Misty coul
36、d solve math problemsC. the writer was a slow learnerD. no one walked Misty the first day58. The story came to its turning point when_.A. Joe died in 2009B. Joe fell ill in 2007C. the writer began to walk the dogD. the dog tired to please the writer 59. Why did the writer continue to walk Misty whil
37、e Joe was in hospital? A. Misty couldnt live without herB. Her friends didnt offer any helpC. The walk provided her with spiritual comfort.D. She didnt want Misty to others companion.60. What is the message the writer wants to convey in the passage? A. One should learn to enjoy hard times. B .A disa
38、ster can change everything in life. C. Moments of joy suggest that there is still hope ahead. D. People will change their attitude toward you when you are in difficulty.57.A 推理题，根据第三段“Misty knew this on day one它在第一天就知道“和 “she calculated它在计算”可以得出答案这只狗是非常聪明的。另外也可以根据意思排除选项BCD。B. Misty could solve math
39、problems就算文章中出现了一个计算的词语，但也不能够得出能够解答数学题的结论，而且根据常识也可以把它排除。C. the writer was a slow learner这个内容没有提及，D. no one walked Misty the first day这个选项的答案，也原文“它在第一天就知道了”是不一致的。58.B 细节理解题，根据第六段第一句话“Then one day January 1, 2007 , to be exact my husband s doctor uttered an unthinkable word : leukemia ( 白血病) . 然后，2007
40、年1月1日，确切地说是丈夫的医生宣布了丈夫得了白血病”，说明这一天是一个转折点，所以可以得出答案为B。59.C 细节理解题，根据第八段第二行“quiet, peaceful time to gather my thoughts or to just be before the days medical drama unfolded安静，安静的时间来收集我的想法 “ ，所有的这一切都是精神上的一些安慰，所以答案选择The walk provided her with spiritual comfort.这个散步给她带来了心灵的安慰。60.C 推理题，根据文章最后一句话no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future , theres almost always some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment.不管现在是多么困难或者将来是多么的难以预计，总是有一些提取快乐的方法。此题易错选A，虽然这句话是正确的。但是这篇文章并不是在说在困难时期享受快乐。【考点定位】记叙文