1、发射嫦娥二号的火箭究竟需要灌注多少燃料?2N2H4(g)2NO2(g)=3N2(g)4H2O(g)H?第三节 化学反应热的计算 不管化学反应是一步或分几步完成,其反应热是相同的。即:化学反应的反应热只与反应的始态(各反应物)和终态(各生成物)有关,而与具体反应的途径无关。则有HH1H2H3H4H5如何理解盖斯定律?化学反应的反应热相当于山的高度,与登山途径无关!S(始态)L(终态)H10 H1H2=0H2O(g)=H2(g)O2(g)H242 kJmol1 H2(g)O2(g)=H2O(g)H-242 kJmol1 已知:C(s)+O2(g)=CO2(g)H1=-393.5kJ/molCO(g
2、)+1/2O2(g)=CO2(g)H2=-283.0kJ/mol计算:C(s)+1/2O2(g)=CO(g)H3=?H1CCO2H3H2CO 由盖斯定律得H1 H2 H3 即:H3H1H2CO(g)+O2(g)C(s)+O2(g)CO2(g)H1=-393.5kJ/molH3H2=-283.0kJ/mol由盖斯定律得H3=H1-H2=-393.5+283.0)=-110.5kJ/molC(s)+1/2O2(g)=CO(g)H3=?C(s)+O2(g)=CO2(g)H1=-393.5kJ/mol CO(g)+1/2O2(g)=CO2(g)H2=-283.0kJ/mol C(s)+1/2O2(g)
3、=CO(g)H3 因=+则 H1=H2+H3 H3=H1-H2=-393.5-(-283.0)=-110.5kJ/mol应用了什么规律?C(s)+CO2(g)=2CO(g)H4=?=-110.5kJ/mol=H3-H2=2 H3-H1=H1-2 H2=+172.5kJ/mol 例1:已知:P4(s,白磷)5O2=P4O10(s)H12983.2 kJmol1 P(s,红磷)5/4O2(g)=1/4P4O10(s)H2738.5 kJmol1 写出白磷转化为红磷的热化学方程式 P4(s,白磷)5O2=P4O10(s)H12 983.2 kJmol1P(s,红磷)5/4O2(g)=1/4P4O10
4、(s)H2738.5 kJmol1P4(s,白磷)=4P(s,红磷)H?因为=4则HH1 H242983.2(738.5)4 29.2kJmol 1例2:嫦娥二号,用N2H4(肼)在NO2中燃 烧,生成N2、气态H2O。已知:N2(g)+2O2(g)=2NO2(g)H1=+67.2kJ/mol N2H4(g)+O2(g)=N2(g)+2H2O(g)H2=-534kJ/mol 假如都在相同状态下,请算出发射嫦娥二号 卫星所用燃料反应的反应热。2 N2H4(g)+2NO2(g)=3N2(g)+4H2O(g)H=2H2-H1 =-1135.2kJ/mol 1、请用自己的话描述一下盖斯定律。2、盖斯定律有哪些用途?