1、2012年高考英语备考：通关单项填空必备的重点句型句型1 情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法1. could have done “本来可以”（表示过去没有实现的可能）。2. might have done “本来可能；本来应该或可以做某事”（实际没发生；含有轻微的责备语气。）3. should/ought to have done “本来该做某事”（而实际未做）4. should not/ought not to have done “本来不该做”（实际却做过了，含有责备语气）5. neednt have done “本来不必做”（但是已经做过了）6. would rather have d
2、one “当时宁愿做了某事”（实际没有做过）；否定式would rather not have done 表达相反意思，两者都有表示“后悔”之意。 如：【2011全国卷,32】They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A. will B. can C. must D. should【解析】句意为“他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。”will have done将来可以完成；can have done可能做过吗？表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句；must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推
3、测；should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做。but their flight was delayed这样的结果，说明他们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选D。句型2 1It seems / appears ( to sb. ) that sb在某人看来某人= Sb. seems / appears to be / to do / to be doing / to have done2It seems / looks as if 好象/似乎3It (so) happened that sb. 某人碰巧= Sb. happened to be / to do / to be doin
4、g / to have done4It is said / thought / believed / hoped / supposed that sb=Sb. is said to be / to do / to be doing / to have done (注意：这种句型里如带动词hope则不能变成简单句，因为无hope sb. to do结构) 如：【07重庆】Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)_birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.A. is said to
5、be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buyD. has said to have bought【解析】sb./sth.is said to do sth.据说某人/某物做某事。因为买鸟这一动作发生在说之前, 因此此处应用不定式的完成时态。答案为B。句型3 疑问词+插入语+陈述语序？ 如：【02上海】_be sent to work there?A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do you suggest who should D. Do you
6、suggest whom should【解析】这是一个Who引导的特殊疑问句。Who对宾语从句中的主语提问。suggest后接宾语从句时, 从句的谓语动词要用should do sth./be done或do/be done。由于这道题既考查了词序, 又考查了suggest在特殊疑问句中的用法, 增大了试题的难度系数。做这样的题目时, 可以假设宾语从句的主语, 先写出其陈述句, 再对其主语提问。答案为A。句型4 It强调句型强调句的基本构成：It is/was + 被强调的部分 + who（主要指人时）/that + 其余部分注意1：这种结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语（包括时间，地点，方式
7、，原因等），但是不能强调谓语动词。原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态，用It isthat/who；原句的谓语动词如果是过去时态，用It wasthat/who.；强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用when, where或how, 必须用that。如：【2011陕西卷23】 It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do_ benefits our work most. A. who B. which C. that D. what【解析】强调句型:It is/was +被强调部分+that连接句子的其他部分。
8、答案选择C。注意2：强调句的疑问结构一般疑问句 Is / Was it +被强调部分 +who / that ?特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+is /was +it +who / that? What is/was it that? Who is/was it that? When is/was it that? Where is/was it that? Why is/was it that? How is/was it that? 如：【04上海】Why! I have nothing to confess. _ you want me to say? A. What is it that B.
9、 What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that【解析】强调结构的特殊疑问句, 被强调的部分是疑问词what（作动词say的宾语）。答案为C。句型5 祈使句的反意疑问句 【07北京】When youve finished with that book, dont forget to put it back on the shelf, _?A. do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont you【解析】祈使句的反意疑问句一般用will you。但是以Lets开头的祈使句的反意疑问句部分用shall we。答
10、案为C。句型6 when引导的从句when除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、表语从句和定语从句，还有一种用法值得关注，那就是when引导并列分句，意思是“这时突然；就在那时”，强调另一个动作的突然发生。常用于以下句型中：（1）主语 + be doing when意思是“正在做某事这时”；（2）主语 + be about to dowhen；（3）主语+be on the point of (doing) when意思是“正要去做某事这时” 如：【06辽宁】He was about halfway through his meal_ a familiar voice came to
11、his ears.A. why B. where C. when D. while【解析】when作连词, 表 “正在这时, 突然”, 主句中的谓语动词往往是表示状态存在或动作进行的词。答案为C。句型7 It remains to be seen whether 是否还有待于看. (不用that, if作连接词) 如：【02NMET】Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. s
12、eeing D. seen【解析】 这是一个主语从句。it作形式主语, whether they will enjoy it作真正的主语。remain后接to do sth.作表语。see与主语从句是动宾关系, 所以要用to be seen作remains的表语。remain to be seen尚待见分晓。答案为B。句型8 it作形式主语形式主语1It is a pity (a shame, a wonder, a common knowledge, a common saying) that2It is true (clear, likely, obvious, possible, rig
13、ht) that3It is said (reported, proved, believed, arranged, thought, expected, hoped) that4It appears(happens, seems, turns out) that5It makes no difference if (whether) 如：【2011江苏卷 26】It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.A. that B. how C. when D. why【解析】句意：这名男子没有早点报告这次事故的原因
14、根本没有搞清楚。It在句中是形式主语，真正的主语是why引导的主语从句。答案为A。句型9 cant help it（没办法）, make it（成功，到达）, put it（指出）， get it（明白）如：【06全国I】If I can help_, I dont like working late into the night. A. so B. that C. it D. them【解析】if I can help it意为“如果我有办法”, 表示有办法做某事, 或有办法控制某个局面。所提供的情景I dont like working late into the night说明如果有办法
15、, 不喜欢工作到深夜。so意为 “这样”，常用于省略句中, 代替上文中的动作。that用于代替上文的内容。答案为C。句型10 as引导的非限制性定语从句 在as引导的非限制性定语从句中，连接代词as在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等，可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活，即可以在句子前面，在句子中间或句子末尾。常用的结构有：as we all know; as is well known to; as is often the case with sb. / as is usual with sb.; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said
16、 before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember等。 如：【04北京】_ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.A. It B. As C. That D. What 【解析】As代表整个主句talks between the countries are m
17、aking progress, 作定语从句中的主语。句意为：正如报纸上所报道的那样, 各国的会谈取得了进展。答案为B。句型11 It is necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential（基本的）等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即主语+(should)+动词原形 如：【05江苏】Dont you think it necessary that he_ to Miami but to New York?I agree, but the problem is_ he has refused to.A. will not be sent; that
18、 B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; whatD. should not send; what【解析】not be sent是虚拟语气, 相当于should not be sent。答案为B。句型12 形容词作状语 如：【10安徽】_, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smileA. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtfulC. Honest and confident D. Lighthearte
19、d and optimistic【解析】 Shy and cautious意为 “害羞的谨慎的；sensitive and thoughtful意为 “敏感的与体贴的”； Honest and confident “诚实的与自信的”； Lighthearted and optimistic意为 “愉快的与乐观的”。句意为 “愉快与乐观的她, 是那种通过微笑把阳光撒给他人的女士。答案为D。句型13 can not ( never) too +adj. (adv. ) / adj. (adv.) + enough “越越好” “非常” 如：【03北京春】-I was riding along th
20、e street and all of a sudden, a ear cut in and knocked me down. -You can never be _careful in the street. A. much B. very C. so D. too【解析】否定词notnonever +tooenough结构表示 “再怎么也不过分”或 “越越好”。译文：在街上(骑自行车)你越小心越好。答案为D。注意：too + adj. ( anxious / eager / willing / ready / glad等)+to do.表示肯定意思句型14 before 句型：1befor
21、e sb can/ could 某人还没来得及2It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间3had done some time before （才）4had not done before 不到就5It was not +一段时间+ before 不多久就 如：【10陕西】John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since【解析】所填词引导状语从句, 构成It（will）be+时间段+状语从句, 意思是：过多久才将., 选C。句型15
22、倍数句型：1. 倍数比较级than2. 倍数as原级as3. 倍数the size heightlength weight width of the 如：【2011陕西卷,17】The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be _ the present one。 A. as three times big as B. three times as big asC. as big as three times D. as big three times as【解析】句意为“为下一届亚运会而修建的体育馆将会是目前的体育馆三倍
23、大小。”表示倍数的词做修饰语时，放在as的前面，即“倍数 + as + adj + as”， 因此选B。句型16 感叹句型 1. What a + adj. + n. + S + V! 2. How + adj. + a + n. + V!（多么.！）/ How + adj. / adv. + S+ V!3. How + S + V! 4. What + adj. + 复数名词/不可数名词+ S +V! 如：【2011辽宁卷33】_ a strange plant! Ive never seen it before. A. Which B. What C. How D. Whether【解析】
24、句意：多么奇怪的植物啊！我以前从没见过。此处为“What+a/an十adj.+n+it is/was”的省略结构，故B项正确句型17 动名词常用句型1. have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a difficult time (in) doing sth. (有困难做某事)2. upon/on doing sth, 一就3. There is no/some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.4. There is no need/use harm/hurry in doing sth5. spend some time/mo
25、ney (in) doing sth6. Its no use / good/ worth doing sth 7. Its a waste of time/money/energy doing sth. 如：【07辽宁】You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking【解析】 注意句型：have difficulty （in）doing sth 由于句子中in可以省略, 所以该题目虽然将宾语前置, 后面用了一个定语从句, 但是结构不变
26、, 在某方面依然是in doing sth只是in被省略。补全：You cant imagine what difficulty which we had （in）walking home in the snowstorm. 答案为D。句型18 since 句型1.Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式 如：【05北京】It is almost five years_ we saw each other last time.A. before B. since C. after D. when【解析】自我们上次见面已经过去5年了答案为B。2. It is + 一段时间+ since
27、 + S +持续性谓语动词（表否定）如：It is three years since she lived here. 她已三年不住这儿了。3. It is + 一段时间 + since + S + 瞬间谓语动词（表肯定）如：It is years since I stopped smoking我戒烟已经数年了。句型19 让步状语从句：1. Adj./n./adv/v. + as/ though+ Subject（主词）+ be, S + V（虽然） 如：【2011全国卷I 22】Try_ she might, Sue couldnt get the door open.A. if B. wh
28、en C. sine D. as【解析】As引导的让步状语从句，应将状语、表语甚至谓语提前构成形式上的倒装。题目前半句说，她试过；后半句说Sue不能打开门，明显前后两句意思相反。As表示虽然，尽管。答案为D。2. However + adj/adv + S + V 尽管 如：【2011辽宁卷 25】No matter how _ , it is not necessarily lifeless. A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be C. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be【解析】句意为：无
29、论沙漠多么的干燥，都不肯能没有生命。however表让步时其顺序应是：however + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语。however做连接副词, 相当于no matter how,后接形容词或副词, 意为 “无论、不管” , 引导让步状语从句, 其序为 “however+形容词、副词+主语+谓语”。答案为B。句型20 违反常规的冠词位置句型1. so/as/that/too/how +adj. + a/an + n.2. quite/rather/what/such/many + a/an +(adj) +n 如：【03上海】We were in _when we left that we f
30、orgot the airline tickets. A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rushC. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush【解析】so和such都有 “如此”的意思, 但so修饰形容词, 正确词序是：so anxious a rush。such修饰名词, 正确词序是：such all anxious rush。答案为D。句型21 表示最高级的句型1. Nothing is + 比较级+ than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V 如
31、：Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。2. no one (nobody, nothing)+so/as+原级as如：Nobody is so blind as those who will not see.没有人像那些视而不见的人如此的瞎了。3. 比较级than+ any other +名词单数 比较级than +anything(anyone)else 比较级than + any of the others如：Bamboo probably has more uses than any other
32、 plant in the world.4. 否定词 +比较级 如：【2011四川卷,12】How are your recent trip to Sichuan? Ive never had _one before.A. a pleasant B. a more pleasant C. a most pleasant D. the most pleasant【解析】句意为“最近你到四川的旅行怎么样？从来没有这么愉快过。”否定词never与a more pleasant连用，表示“非常愉快”，等于最高级。the most pleasant是特指，需要有比较的范围，但是这个范围并不存在。因此选B
33、。句型22 形式宾语与宾语补语句型1. 形式宾语代动词不定式find/make/consider/suppose +it+ adj/n+ to do/that 如：【2011山东卷24】The two girls are so alike that strangers find_ difficult to tell one from the other.A. it B. them C, her D. that【解析】句意：这两个小女孩如此相像，以至于很难辨别出彼此。此句式it 做形式宾语。答案为A。2. 使役动词/感官动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（宾语补足语通常由v-ing，v-ed和省略t
34、o的不定式充当）如： 【2011陕西卷,14】Claire had her luggage _ an hour before her plane left. A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked【解析】句意为“Claire在登机前一小时她携带的行李接受了检查。”have sth. done“让被做”。逻辑主语是her luggage，和check的关系是被动关系，所以答案选择D。句型23 time 句型1. the first time 引导的状语从句 2. (the) next time 引导的状语从句3. the last time 引导的
35、状语从句 4. each time/every time 引导的状语从句 5. It is was the firstlastsecond third time 从句（动词时态用完成时态）6. By the time +从句（一般现在时/过去时），主句（将来完成时/过去完成时）如：【2011辽宁卷,34】By the time Jack returned home from England, his son _ from college.A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated【解析】句意为“当杰
36、克从英国返回家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。”by the time到时候为止，一般与完成时连用。选D。【09陕西】This is the first time went_ a film in the cinema together as a family. A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen 【解析】 the+序数词+time引导的时间状语从句中动词时态用完成时, 有参照动词is可知此处用现在完成时, 选D。 答案为D。句型24 1hardly/scarcely when (no soonerthan)句型用过去完成时 2immediately / d
37、irectly / instantly / the moment +从句3on / upon + n. / doing 如：【2011辽宁卷 29】He had no sooner finished his speech _ the students started cheering. A. since B. as C. when D. than【解析】句意为：他刚一结束演讲，同学们就欢呼起来。固定句式no soonerthan.。答案为D。句型25 有关it的几个特殊句型 1常用于owe it to sb. that把归功于，take it for granted that 想当然，keep
38、 it in mind that记住，bring it to ones attention注意等结构中，形成“动词+it+介词短语+that从句”结构。2It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, dont mind, be fond of, feel like, see to, appreciate stand 的宾语从句紧跟it之后 3 It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面，宾语从句紧跟it之后。常见于answer for, depend on, rely on, insist on, l
39、ook to（注意）, see to, stick to等短语中，形成“动词+介词（短语）+ it+ that从句”结构。4. 常用于take, have, put等少数动词之后，形成“动词+ it + that从句”结构。如：【2011江西卷25】Why dont you bring _ to his attention that youre too ill to work on?A. that B. it C. his D. him【解析】句意为“为什么你不让他注意到你病得太严重了以至于不能工作下去？”it作形式宾语，指代句子后面that引导的宾语从句。因此选B。【06山东】Id appr
40、eciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A. that B. it C. this D. you【解析】it作appreciate的形式宾语, 真正的宾语是if you would like to teach me how to use the computer。答案为B。句型26 may/might as well do sth. 还是做某事的好 may well do sth. 极有可能做某事 如：【08全国】Liza _well not want to go on the tripshe hates
41、traveling.A. willB. canC. mustD. may【解析】句意为：Liza极有可能不想去旅行她讨厌旅行。may well很可能, 极有可能, 表示猜测。当表示猜测时, will和can不能与well连用, must只能用于肯定句中。答案为D。句型27 A is to B what C is to D 如：【06山东】Engines are to machines _ hearts are to animals.A. as B. that C. what D. which【解析】本题句意为：发动机对于机器正如心脏对于动物一样。该句式是一个固定句型, 其基本结构是“A is to B what C is to D”。答案为C。句型28 祈使句+and/or(or else/otherwise)+分句”句式结构, 在and/or(or else/otherwise)后面的分句里面常用一般将来时 如：【10四川】If you have a job, _yourself to it and finally youll succeed. A. do devote B. dont devote C. devoting D. not devoting【解析】此处应是祈使句, 又有谓语动词的强调要借助助动词do, 故选A。