1、Unit 1 People of achievement Period 3 Learning about language Non-restrictive Clauses 人教版英语选择性必修第一册Revision使用适当的关系词填空。1.That is the boy _ mother is a famous musician.3.The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.2.We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in the 1906 earthq
2、uake.that/who(which/that)whose4.Ill never forget the day _(=_ which)I was born.5.I visited the house _(=_ which)Lu Xun once lived.6.The reason _(=_ which)he got worried was this.when on where in why for Revision一、定语从句的定义：用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。定语从句一般是由关系代词或关系副词来引导的。相当于名词和形容
3、词的作用。eg:1.They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments thatshowed promise in the fight against the disease.2.Tu You you went to Hainan where malaria was more common to study malaria patients.定语从句归纳总结Revision定语从句归纳总结二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、引导作用2、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用eg:Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel
4、Prize which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.Revision定语从句归纳总结三、关系代词（who,whom,which,that,whose）的指代关系指人指物在定语从句中的作用WhoWhomWhichthatwhose主语宾语宾语主语宾语主语宾语定语Practice2.In fact Tom did not understand the three questions _ were asked in French.A.whereB.whoC.in whichD.
5、which1.The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which3.This is the school _ we visited three days ago.A.whereB./C.whenD.what4.This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.on which Non-restrictive Clauses 非限制性定语从句 Comparision2.The book tells us a
6、bout Alexander Fleming who discovered penicillin.1.The book tells us about Alexander Fleming,who discovered penicillin.这本书讲述的亚历山大弗莱明的故事。他发现盘尼西林。这本书讲述的发现盘尼西林的亚历山大弗莱明的故事。(从句为非限制性定语从句，隐含意义为：亚历山大弗莱明只发现了盘尼西林。)(从句为限制性定语从句，隐含意义为：亚历山大弗莱明可能还有其他发现。)ComparisionThe woman who discovered Artemisinin was awarded t
7、he Nobel Prize.Tu Youyou,who discovered Artemisinin,was awarded the Nobel Prize.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略Comparision3.Later,malaria patients most of whom recovered tested the medicine.4.Later,Mr.Wangs,most of whom recovered,tested the medicine.后来，大部分痊愈的疟疾病人接种了这种药。后来，王先生一家人接种了这种药，他的大部分家
8、人痊愈了。Summary非限制性定语从句的特点常有who,whom,which,whose,as,when,where等关系词引导。从句只是对先行词做些附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。翻译时常常不做定语，而是译成与主句并列的句子。Example1.Tu Youyou was adwarded the Nobel Prize,which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.(指代the Nobel Prize)屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖，这个奖被公认为是
9、一个人所能获得的最高级别的国际荣誉之一。2.Tu Youyou went to Hainan,where malaria was more common,to study malaria patients.(指代 in Hainan)屠呦呦去海南研究疟疾病人，在那里疟疾更普遍。3.Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered.(指代malaria patients)后来，该药在疟疾病人身上测试了，他们大多数人痊愈了。How to change into non-restrictive relat
10、ive clauses?如何变成非限制性定语从句？Example1.We were very impressed by the old man.He was not willing to acknowledge defeat.2.Afterwards,Einstein had to flee Germany.Hitler was in power there.We were very impressed by the old man,who was not willing to acknowledge defeat.Afterwards,Einstein had to flee Germany
11、,where(=in Germany)Hitler was in power.the old man He=?我们对那个老人印象非常深刻，他不愿意承认失败。Germanythere=?后来，爱因斯坦不得不逃离德国，在那里希特勒掌权。Practice3.There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control.4.The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favorite novelist,J.K.Rowling.It inspire
12、d us a lot.There is nothing we can do to help Linda,whose circumstances are beyond our control.The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favorite novelist,J.K.Rowling,which inspired us a lot.她的?_我们帮不了Linda，她的的境况超出了我们的控制。=?_老师要求我们听他最喜爱的小说家J.K.罗琳的演讲，这个（演讲）让我们非常鼓舞。Practice5.The building under c
13、onstruction was designed by I.M.Pei-a famous Chinese-American architect.He was born in Guangzhou,China.6.I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart.It was a big challenge for me.The building under construction was designed by I.M.Pei-a famous Chinese-American architect,who was
14、born in Guangzhou,China.I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart,which was a big challenge for me.=?_这个正在建的楼是由美籍华人I.M.裴所设计的，他生于中国广州。=?_Special cases运用非限制性定语从句的情况当关系词指代整个主句内容时1.The boy was away from home for a week,whichworried his parents very much.小男孩离家一个星期了，这使他的父母很担心2.The b
15、ook is very touching,as most readers say.正如大多数读者所说的，这本书很感人。运用非限制性定语从句的情况1.Jinan,which is a nice city,attracts many visitors every day.济南是美丽的城市，每天吸引了很多的游客。2.John Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.约翰史密斯去年退休了，他曾是我的老师。当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时。Special cases运用非限制性定语从句的情况当先行词指的是某人只有一个亲属（son,
16、daughter等）1.I have an elder brother,who worked in Beijing.我有一个哥哥，他在北京工作。（只有一个哥哥）2.Her daughter,who is now studying in New York,graduated from our school.她的女儿，是在我们学校毕业的，现在正在纽约学习。（只有一个女儿）Special casesObservation1.There hasnt been any news about him since he left home,which upsets me.自从他离开家后就没有他的任何消息，这
17、使我很不安。在这里，which 引导的从句，代表前面的整个主句。此时，不能放在主句之前Observation2.Taiwan belongs to China，as everybody knows.=As is known to us,Taiwan belongs to China.众所周知，台湾属于中国。在这里，as 引导的定语从句，代表整个主句，可以放在主句之前或之后，as 在从句中作宾语或主语。Summary小结限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句意义上从句与主句关系紧凑，从句对先行词起修饰限定作用，缺少从句会影响句意的完整。功能上结构上从句与主句的关系相对松散，从句用于补充主句的内容和信息，
18、去掉从句不影响句意的完整。修饰先行词或整个句子1.主句，从句之间多用逗号隔开 2.关系词很少可以省略 3.不能用that引导 修饰先行词1.没有停顿，主句与从句之间不用逗号 2.关系词若作从句的宾语,可省略.3.可用that 引导 非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam,_made his parents angry.4.He has two sons.Both of _ are teachers.5.He has two sons,both of _ are
19、teachers.Thiswhichwhomthemthat1.I am reading Harry Porter,_is an interesting book.whichPractice1.The run rises in the east and sets in the west,_ is known to everybody.A.which B.this C.that D.it2.Beethoven,_health was poor,became a very famous musician in the end.A.who B.whoseC.whom D.which3.He will
20、 have to wait until next month,_everything has been ready.A.which B.whereC.when D.by what 4.The shop assistant was very rude to the customer,_ made the latter very angry.A.who B.whomC.which D.whatPractice1.汕头市位于广东的东部,她正在变得越来越漂亮。2.李雷是二班的班长，今天下午要去参加一个重要的会议。Shantou,which lies in the east of Guangdong，is getting more and more beautiful.Li Lei,who is monitor of Class 2,is going to attend an important meeting this afternoon.用非限制性定语从句翻译以下两个句子