1、北京市东城区2020-2021学年高三英语上学期期末统一检测试题（含解析）本试卷共11页，共100分考试时长90分钟考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空（共 10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑A school bus driver returned to college to become a high school history teacher, thanks to some _1_ stude
2、ntsClayton Ward is a history lover, and as such, _2_ the time hed spend chatting with students about their history classes as he _3_ them to and from schoolAfter several of these discussions, some of the students would tell me they wanted me to be their _4_, he saidThat small mention from those kids
3、it _5_ me and gave me the motivation to complete a goal I had started years ago_6_, Ward went to college after his high school graduation; but after a year, he had to leave and soon started driving busesBut he still valued _7_, and talking with the students on the bus route renewed his sense of pass
4、ion for expanding and teaching young mindsWard enrolled（注册）at a community college in May 2019, and _8_ to take his classes full time while also still driving his busIt wasnt always _9_I would drive my route in the morning and afternoon, take classes in between shifts and take night classes, he saidI
5、 would think of those students and all the years I wanted to make this happen, and it helped me focus my energyYou wouldnt think that kids can do something like that, to give me the _10_ and ambition to go back to school, Ward saidIts kind of crazy that such a small thing can make such an impact on
6、your life1. A. energeticB. supportiveC. considerateD. generous2. A. enjoyedB. foundC. savedD. missed3. A. attendedB. watchedC. bussedD. trained4. A. driverB. adviserC. friendD. teacher5. A. aimed atB. stuck withC. occurred toD. called on6. A. InitiallyB. ConsequentlyC. ApparentlyD. Ultimately7. A. s
7、uccessB. communicationC. responsibilityD. education8. A. hesitatedB. offeredC. managedD. happened9. A. suitableB. hopefulC. luckyD. easy10. A. rightB. driveC. chanceD. freedom【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了学校公交车司机Clayton Ward在学生们的鼓励和支持下，完成大学学业，成为一名高中历史老师的故事。【1
8、题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一些学生的支持下，一名校车司机回到大学成为了一名高中历史老师。Aenergetic精力充沛的； Bsupportive支持的；Cconsiderate体贴的；Dgenerous大方的。根据后文倒数第二段“I would think of those students and all the years I wanted to make this happen, and it helped me focus my energy.”可知，在学生们的支持下，作者重回大学，后来成为了一名高中老师。故选B。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意： Clayton Ward
9、是一位历史爱好者，因此，他很享受开公交车接送学生上下学时与他们聊历史课的时光。Aenjoyed享受，喜欢；Bfound发现；Csaved挽救；Dmissed思念，错过。根据前文“Clayton Ward is a history lover”可知，因为Clayton Ward是一个历史学科的爱好者，所以他很享受和学生们聊历史的时光。故选A。【3题详解】考查词动词词义辨析。句意同上。Aattended参加，出席；Bwatched观看；Cbussed用公共汽车运送；Dtrained训练。根据文章第一句“A school bus driver”可知，Clayton Ward是一个学校公交车司机，所以
10、此处表示他开公交车送学生上学。故选C。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在几次这样的讨论之后，一些学生会告诉我，他们想让我做他们的老师。Adriver司机；Badviser顾问；Cfriend朋友；Dteacher老师。根据后文“and talking with the students on the bus route renewed his sense of passion for expanding and teaching young minds”可知，孩子们想要Clayton Ward成为他们的老师。故选D。【5题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：那些孩子提到那一点，一直萦绕着我，
11、给了我动力去完成我多年前就开始的目标。Aaimed at皆在；Bstuck with坚持，固执（想法等）； Coccurred to突然想到；Dcalled on要求，呼吁。根据后文“gave me the motivation to complete a goal ”可知，孩子们的提议一直在作者的脑海中挥之不去。故选B。【6题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：起初，Ward在高中毕业后上了大学。AInitially最初，起初；BConsequently因此；CApparently明显地；DUltimately最终。根据后文“ but after a year, he had to leave a
12、nd soon started driving buses”可知，最初Clayton Ward是上了大学的，后来才去开公交车的。故选A。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他仍然重视教育，在巴士路上与学生们的交谈重新激发了他对拓展和教育年轻思想的热情。Asuccess成功； Bcommunication交流；Cresponsibility责任；Deducation教育。根据空后一句描述和转折连词but可知，此处表示Clayton Ward依然很重视教育的。故选D。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ward于2019年5月进入一所社区大学学习，他在设法全日制上课的同时还开公交车。Ahesit
13、ated犹豫；Boffered提供；Cmanaged设法；Dhappened发生。因为还在开公交车，所以此处需用动词managed，表示设法全日制上课。故选C。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这并不总是容易的。Asuitable合适的；Bhopeful有希望的； Clucky幸运的；Deasy容易的。根据后文“I would drive my route in the morning and afternoon, take classes in between shifts and take night classes”可知，要想兼顾开车和上课并不是一件容易的事情。故选D。【10题详解】
14、考查名词词义辨析。句意：你不会想到孩子们能做这样的事，给我动力和雄心回到学校。Aright权力； Bdrive动力；Cchance机会；Dfreedom自由。根据空后“Its kind of crazy that such a small thing can make such an impact on your life”可知，孩子们的话给了Clayton Ward动力和雄心，让他重返大学校园，并成为一名老师。故选B。第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Adolph Kiefer, a famous swi
15、mmer, _11_(die）at the age of 98 in 2017. Kiefer was Americas _12_ (old) living Olympic champion. He was the first in the world to break the one-minute mark in the 100-meter backstroke (仰泳) when he was a 16-year-old student. One year later, Kiefer won the gold medal in the 100-meter backstroke compet
16、ition at the Olympic Games, _13_(set) a record that would stand for 20 years.【答案】11. died 12. oldest 13. setting【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了奥运冠军Adolph Kiefer的生平事迹。【11题详解】考查动词时态。句意：著名游泳者阿道夫基弗于2017年去世，享年98岁。分析句子并结合全文时态可知，此处使用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作。故填died。12题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：基弗是美国历史年纪最大的奥运会冠军。分析句子可知，前文提及age of 98 in
17、 2017可知，此处所述为年纪最大的奥运会冠军。故填oldest。【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一年后，基弗在奥运会的100米仰泳比赛中获得金牌，创下了20年的纪录。分析句子可知，句中存在谓语动词won，此处使用非谓语动词形式，且逻辑主语Kiefer与set之间为主动关系，因此使用现在分词作伴随状语。故填setting。【点睛】B阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。About 5 000 years ago, a strange circle of blue stones were set up in BritainThe structure has 80 s
18、tones in all and each stone _14_（weigh）about three tonsNo one is sure _15_ built the structureOne of the most popular beliefs is that the Celts built itSome even think creatures from another planet who visited Earth left it behind just _16_（let）us know they were here【答案】14. weighs 15. who 16. to let
19、【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国蓝色石头怪圈的由来。【14题详解】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：该结构共有80块石头，每块石头重约三吨。分析句子可知，and前句时态为一般现在时，且后句主语为each stone，根据主谓一致原则，此处使用一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填weighs。【15题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：没有人确定是谁建造了这个结构。 分析句子可知，be sure（of）是固定句型，of后接宾语从句，且从句中缺少人作主语，因此使用联系词who引导宾语从句。故填who。【16题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：有些甚至认为来自另一个星球的生物访问过地球，只是为了让我们知道他们
20、在这里而已。分析句子可知，句中存在谓语动词left，此处使用不定式to let非谓语动词作left it behind的目的状语。故填to let。【点睛】C阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Have you ever attended a Cinco de Mayo festival? If you have not, you do not know what you are missing_17_ Spanish, the words cinco de mayo mean fifth of MayIt is a day for the _18_（celebra
21、te）of the fighting spirit of Mexican peopleThe festival _19_（hold）both in Mexico and in parts of the United States, especially the Southwest, _20_ there is a larger Hispanic population【答案】17. In 18. celebration 19. is held 20. where【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了五月五日节的由来。【17题详解】考查介词。句意：在西班牙语中，cinco de mayo一词的
22、意思是5月5日。分析句子可知，此处表示在西班牙语中，因此使用介词in构成抽象地点状语，且位于句首首字母需大些。故填In。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：今天是庆祝墨西哥人民战斗精神的一天。分析句子可知，空前存在冠词，因此此处使用名词形式。故填celebration。【19题详解】考查被动语态与主谓一致。句意：这个节日在墨西哥和美国部分地区举行，特别是在西南部，那里的西班牙裔人口较多。分析句子可知，festival与hold之间为被动关系，因此使用被动语态，且主语为单数，根据主谓一致原则可知使用is held。故填is held。【20题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个节日在墨西哥和美国部分地区举行
23、，特别是在西南部，那里的西班牙裔人口较多。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为the Southwest,在从句中地点状语，因此使用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。【点睛】第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑ATo increase your chances of landing an assignment for a travel guidebook, you need to find out what the publishers are lo
24、oking forHere are links to their submission guidelines with a few special requirements and tipsFonorsFonors is a publishing company of both travel guidebooks and online content covering thousands of destinations worldwideVisit Fonorscom/about-us, and near the bottom of the page youll find Write for
25、Us with information for submitting articlesDo remember to attach a copy of one of your other works when contributingTIP: Fonors always hires writers who live in the destinations they coverSo, its good to remember: While you may want to write about a foreign destination, more than likely youre closer
26、 to being an expert about the place where you liveWorkmanWorkman publishes unique and unexpected travel guides such as 1, 000 Places to See Before You Die, and The Food Lovers Guide to ParisConsider them if youre interested in writing a nontraditional travel guideYou can find their submission guidel
27、ines at workmancom/work-with-usThey require a typical nonfiction book proposal with a suggested table of contents and author informationA chapter of your other books is also requiredSend your submissions to submissionsTIP: If they dont accept your article, you might be lucky enough to get feedback a
28、bout whyLonely PlanetWriters can get in touch with Lonely Planet by visiting their Become a Contributor page at LonelyP that page youll find a form asking for a resume（简历）and links to your other writing, but theres also space for more travel-related information such as geographical knowledge and lev
29、el of fluency in relevant languagesTIP: Youll find they also accept articles for Travel NewsIf they say yes, you may get another chance for a bigger job such as a guidebookFor more information on publishers, please visit ContributorsD21. This passage is mainly for _A. guidesB. writersC. travelersD.
30、publishers22. Who may provide advice on how to improve articles?A. FonorsB. WorkmanC. Lonely PlanetD. Contributors Digest23. What is required by all the companies?A. Geographical knowledgeB. Nontraditional ideasC. Overseas experienceD. Previous writing【答案】21. B 22. B 23. D【解析】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了三个出版社接受文章
31、的标准，出版社网址以及一些特殊要求和提示。【21题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第一段“To increase your chances of landing an assignment for a travel guidebook, you need to find out what the publishers are looking forHere are links to their submission guidelines with a few special requirements and tips（为了增加你得到编写旅行指南工作的机会，你需要明白出版商想要的是什么。以下是他们网站
32、的链接，其中有一些特殊要求和提示。）”可以推知，本篇文章主要是通过介绍一些出版社，为作家提供机会。故选B项。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据文章“Workman”部分的小贴士“If they dont accept your article, you might be lucky enough to get feedback about why（如果他们不接受你的文章，你可能会很幸运地得到关于原因的反馈。）”可知 BWorkman可以就如何改进文章提供建议。故选B项。【23题详解】推理判断题。通过文章“Fonors”部分“Do remember to attach a copy of one o
33、f your other works when contributing（请记住在投稿时附上您的其他作品的副本。）”和“Workman”部分“A chapter of your other books is also required（你的其他书籍的一章也是必需的。）”以及“Lonely Planet”部分“At that page youll find a form asking for a resume（简历）and links to your other writing.( 在那一页，你会看到一张要求提供简历和你其他作品的链接的表格。)”可以推知，所有公司都要求作者有作品，即有写作经验。
34、故选D项。BCraig Foster, bare-chested, was diving in bitterly cold waters off the southern-most tip of Africa when he saw her-an octopus hiding under a coat of shells and stonesDeeply attracted, he began following this incredibly shy creatureHe kept coming back every day to the same place where he first
35、met her, trying to stay very still in her presenceFor weeks she refused him: hiding in her home, or pushing her liquid body into the nearest crack to escapeAnd then, after Fosters dogged persistence for 26 days, she reached out and touched himIn the documentary My Octopus Teacher, this tender moment
36、 moves you in a way you never thought an octopus tentacle（触手）wrapped around a human hand couldThe nature documentary won Best Feature at the EarthxFilm Festival 2020If you gain the trust of that animal over a period of months, it will actually ignore you to a certain degree and carry on with its nor
37、mal life, and allow you to step inside its secret world, Foster says in his documentaryWe see her outsmarting a shark by riding on its back growing a new tentacle after surviving a shark attack, and finally wasting away after laying her eggsThe octopus showed me many behaviors that were completely n
38、ew to science, Foster saysAfter years of filming some of the planet s most dangerous animals, Foster was burnt out, depressed, and disconnectedI was strugglingMy only way to heal felt like I needed to be in the ocean, my go-to happy place as a child, he saysCompletely involving himself in the underw
39、ater world has calmed his mindOver the years other animals have reached out to make contact, including dolphins, whales and even sharksBut nothing has compared to this once-in-a-lifetime bond with the octopus, Foster saysThe octopus changed Fosters life foreverFoster says the octopus taught him that
40、 humans are part of the natural world, and not simply visitorsYour own role and place in the natural world is the most precious gift we humans have received, he says24. Foster followed the octopus with _A. great patienceB. a professional goalC. scientific curiosityD. an adventurous spirit25. Accordi
41、ng to My Octopus Teacher, the octopus _A. enjoyed Fosters attentionB. taught Foster surviving skillsC. placed trust in Foster graduallyD. benefited from Fosters company26. What did Foster learn from the experience?A. The natural world offers many giftsB. Humans belong to the natural worldC. The natu
42、ral world never fails to impressD. Humans should protect the natural world【答案】24. A 25. C 26. B【解析】本文是记叙文。文章通过讲述克雷格福斯特与章鱼之间的暖心故事，向我们展示了人类是自然界的一部分。【24题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第二段“And then, after Fosters dogged persistence for 26 days, she reached out and touched him（然后，在福斯特顽强坚持了26天之后，她伸出触手摸了摸他。）”可知，福斯特通过26天获得了章
43、鱼的信任，这需要很大的耐心。故选A项。【25题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第三段“In the documentary My Octopus Teacher, this tender moment moves you in a way you never thought an octopus tentacle（触手）wrapped around a human hand couldThe nature documentary won Best Feature at the EarthxFilm Festival 2020（在纪录片我的章鱼老师中，这个温柔的时刻以一种你从未想到过的方式打动了你，一
44、只章鱼的触须缠绕在人的手上，这部自然纪录片赢得了2020年地球电影节的最佳影片奖。）”可以推知章鱼通过接触，逐渐开始信任福斯特了。故选C项。【26题详解】细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“The octopus changed Fosters life foreverFoster says the octopus taught him that humans are part of the natural world, and not simply visitors（章鱼永远改变了福斯特的生活。福斯特说章鱼教会他人类是自然世界的一部分，而不仅仅是游客。）”可知福斯特从这次经历中认识到了人类是属于自
45、然界的。故选B项。COnce small farmers in Masii, a remote village in Kenya, have picked their crops, all they can do is wait until a buyer trucks through. The system works fairly well for beans and corn, but mangoes-the areas other main crop-spoil (腐烂) more quickly. If the trader is late, they rot.Obadiah Kis
46、aingu, a farmer in Masii, estimates 40% of the villages mango crop is lost to spoilage. But a simple coating could change that. A company, SmartTech, has created a product that doubles the shelf life of fresh produce, enabling farmers like Kisaingu to access far-off, larger markets. More time for fr
47、esh produce on grocers shelves also means less food waste-a $2.6 trillion problem, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).James Rogers, CEO of SmartTech, who has a Ph. D in materials science, wanted to solve the problem for food much in the same way that oxide barrie
48、rs preventing rust (锈) have achieved for steel. Fortunately, researchers have found when plants made the jump from water to land hundreds of millions of years ago, they developed cutin, a barrier which is made of fatty acids that link together to form a seal around the plant, helping keep water in.T
49、he cutin was such a grand strategy that today youll still find it across the plant kingdom. Not that its exactly the same solution across the board: An orange can last longer than a strawberry not so much because of the thickness of its skin, but because of the difference in the arrangement of those
50、 cutin molecules (分子)on the surface. SmartTechs challenge was first identifying the key components of cutin. After extensive trials, Rogers and his team developed a natural and tasteless protective coating from plant material-stems, leaves and skins. The product extends the sweet spot between ripeni
51、ng and rot. And best of all, the treated produce doesnt require refrigeration. SmartTech traveled a long road to get here. It was six years from launch before products applied with the substance were in stores. SmartTech-treated fruits and vegetables are already in large grocery chains in Europe and
52、 the U. S. and the company recently gained regulatory approval in several less developed countries in South America. “SmartTech has huge potential to turn poor farmers in Africa into commercial farmers,” says Rogers. “That means more money in pockets, and more food in stomachs.” But whether the comp
53、any can cost-effectively reach small farmers in far-off areas still remains a challenge. 27. The author mentions the small farmers in Kenya to _. A. stress their need for preserving produceB. show their difficulty in harvesting cropsC. evaluate their loss caused by slow transportD. help express thei
54、r wish to reach larger markets28. What can we learn about SmartTechs product?A. It is financially supported by FAO. B. It is intended to replace refrigeration. C. It is designed to thicken produces skin. D. It is based on plants own defence system. 29. What does James Rogers expect?A. To profit farm
55、ers.B. To earn more money.C. To produce more food.D. To expand grocery chains.30. The main purpose of the passage is to _. A. prove a theoryB. promote a productC. introduce a companyD. present a technology【答案】27. A 28. D 29. A 30. D【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一个公司研发出了一种能使农产品保存的更好，从而为农民谋利的技术。【27题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第
56、二段“Obadiah Kisaingu, a farmer in Masii, estimates 40% of the villages mango crop is lost to spoilage. But a simple coating could change that. A company, SmartTech, has created a product that doubles the shelf life of fresh produce, enabling farmers like Kisaingu to access far-off, larger markets.(Ma
57、sii的农民Obadiah Kisaingu估计，该村40%的芒果作物因腐败而损失。但一种简单的涂层可以改变这种状况。一家名为SmartTech的公司发明了一种产品，使新鲜农产品的保质期延长了一倍，使Kisaingu这样的农民能够获得遥远的食物，更大的市场)”可知，作物易腐烂，作者提到肯尼亚的小农场主是为了强调他们保存农产品的需要。故选A项。【28题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第三段“Fortunately, researchers have found when plants made the jump from water to land hundreds of millions of ye
58、ars ago, they developed cutin, a barrier which is made of fatty acids that link together to form a seal around the plant, helping keep water in.(幸运的是，研究人员发现，亿万年前，当植物从水跃到陆地时，它们产生了角质，一种由脂肪酸组成的屏障，这些脂肪酸连接在一起形成植物周围的密封，帮助保持水分)”可知，SmartTech的产品建立在植物自身防御系统的基础上。故选D项。【29题详解】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“SmartTech has huge po
59、tential to turn poor farmers in Africa into commercial farmers,” says Rogers. “That means more money in pockets, and more food in stomachs.” (“SmartTech有巨大的潜力将非洲的贫困农民转变为商业农民，”Rogers说，“这意味着口袋里有更多的钱，肚子里有更多的食物。”)”可知，James Rogers希望为农民谋利。故选A项。【30题详解】推理判断题。文章主要讲述了一种能使农产品保存的更好，从而为农民谋利的技术。由此推知，这篇文章的主要目的是介绍一
60、项技术。故选D项。DElizabeth Spelke, a cognitive (认知的) psychologist at Harvard, has spent her career testing the worlds most complex learning system-the mind of a baby. Babies might seem like no match for artificial intelligence (AI). They are terrible at labeling images, hopeless at mining text, and awful a
61、t video games. Then again, babies can do things beyond the reach of any AI. By just a few months old, theyve begun to grasp the foundations of language, such as grammar. Theyve started to understand how to adapt to unfamiliar situations.Yet even experts like Spelke dont understand precisely how babi
62、es or adults, for that matter learn. That gap points to a puzzle at the heart of modern artificial intelligence: Were not sure what to aim for. Consider one of the most impressive examples of AI, Alpha Zero, a programme that plays board games with superhuman skill. After playing thousands of games a
63、gainst itself at a super speed, and learning from winning positions, Alpha Zero independently discovered several famous chess strategies and even invented new ones. It certainly seems like a machine eclipsing human cognitive abilities. But Alpha Zero needs to play millions more games than a person d
64、uring practice to learn a game. Most importantly, it cannot take what it has learned from the game and apply it to another area.To some AI experts, that calls for a new approach. In a November research paper, Francois Chollet, a well-known AI engineer, argued that its misguided to measure machine in
65、telligence just according to its skills at specific tasks. “Humans dont start out with skills; they start out with a broad ability to acquire new skills,” he says. “What a strong human chess player is demonstrating is not only the ability to play chess, but the potential to fulfill any task of a sim
66、ilar difficulty.” Chollet posed a set of problems, each of which requires an AI programme to arrange colored squares on a grid (格栅) based on just a few prior examples. Its not hard for a person. But modern machine-learning programmes-trained on huge amounts of data cannot learn from so few examples.
67、Josh Tenenbaum, a professor in MITs Center for Brains, Minds & Machines, works closely with Spelke and uses insights from cognitive science as inspiration for his programmes. He says much of modern AI misses the bigger picture, comparing it to a cartoon about a two-dimensional world populated by sim
68、ple geometrical (几何形的) people. AI programmes will need to learn in new ways for example, by drawing causal inferences rather than simply finding patterns. “At some point you know, if youre intelligent you realize maybe theres something else out there,” he says. 31. Compared to an advanced AI program
69、me, a baby might be better at _.A. labeling imagesB. identifying locationsC. playing gamesD. making adjustments32. What does the underlined word “eclipsing” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Stimulating.B. Measuring.C. Beating.D. Limiting.33. Both Francois Chollet and Josh Tenenbaum may agree that _.A
70、. AI is good at finding similar patternsB. AI should gain abilities with less trainingC. AI lacks the ability of generalizing a skillD. AI will match humans in cognitive ability34. Which would be the best title for this passage?A. What is exactly intelligence?B. Why is modern AI advanced?C. Where is
71、 human intelligence going?D. How do humans tackle the challenge of AI?【答案】31. D 32. C 33. C 34. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过比较人工智能和人类的智能，想要告诉我们什么是真正的智力。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Theyve started to understand how to adapt to unfamiliar situations.( 他们开始懂得如何适应陌生的环境)”可知，与高级人工智能程序相比，婴儿可能更善于做出调整。故选D。【32题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线单词前一句“
72、After playing thousands of games against itself at a super speed, and learning from winning positions, Alpha Zero independently discovered several famous chess strategies and even invented new ones. (在以超快的速度与自己对弈数千场，并从获胜位置中学习之后，阿尔法零独立地发现了几种著名的国际象棋策略，甚至发明了新的策略)”可推知，阿尔法零超越了人类的认知能力，所以划线单词“eclipsing”的意思
73、是“超过，胜过”，划线句意是：它看起来确实像是一台超越人类认知能力的机器。故选C。33题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“What a strong human chess player is demonstrating is not only the ability to play chess, but the potential to fulfill any task of a similar difficulty. (一位强大的人类棋手展示的不仅是下棋的能力，还有完成任何类似难度任务的潜力)”和最后一段“AI programmes will need to learn in ne
74、w ways for example, by drawing causal inferences rather than simply finding patterns. (人工智能程序将需要以新的方式学习例如，通过得出因果推论，而不是简单地寻找模式)”可推知，Francois Chollet 和Josh Tenenbaum可能同意人工智能缺乏一种技能的泛化能力。故选C。【34题详解】主旨大意题。阅读文章，并根据第二段“Yet even experts like Spelke dont understand precisely how babies or adults, for that ma
75、tter learn. That gap points to a puzzle at the heart of modern artificial intelligence: Were not sure what to aim for. (然而，即使是像斯皮尔克这样的专家也不能确切地理解婴儿或成人是如何学习的。这一差距指向了现代人工智能的一个核心难题:我们不确定该以什么为目标)”可知，本文讲述了所谓真正的智力到底是什么。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项Most people admit extre
76、me nervousness at even the thought of giving a speech._35_ Through speaking, we gain the power to share what we are thinking with others.Actually, not only do most beginning speakers suffer anxiety at the thought of speaking in public, but even powerful speakers like Abraham Lincoln and Franklin D.R
77、oosevelt were nervous before speaking._36_ Some people tremble, sweat, and experience shortness of breath and increased heartbeat. As they go through their speech, they may be so preoccupied with themselves that they lose contact with the audience, jump back and forth from point to point, and on occ
78、asion forget what they have planned to say._37_ And they still go on to deliver a strong speech. The secret is not to get rid of all of your feelings but to learn to channel and control your nervousness.Very few people are so bothered by anxiety that they are unable to proceed with the speech._38_ W
79、hy? Because you must be a little more aroused than usual to do your best. A bit of nervousness gets the adrenaline (肾上腺素) flowing-and that brings you to speaking readiness.Many speakers worry that others will notice how nervous they are-and that makes them even more self-conscious and nervous. A you
80、ng woman reported that she broke out at home before each speech. She was amazed when other students said to her, “You seem so calm when you speak.” _39_ Once you realize that your audience does not perceive your nervousness to the degree that you imagine, you will remove one unnecessary source of an
81、xiety.The more experience you get in speaking, the better you become at coping with nervousness. As time goes on, you will come to find that having a group of people listening to you alone is a very satisfying experience.A. The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.B. In fact, it would be harmfu
82、l if you were not nervous.C. Try getting feedback from your listeners after a speech.D. The difference in nervousness among people is a matter of degree.E. Yet you must learn to cope with nervousness because speaking is important.F. Others, however, may get butterflies in their stomachs and feel wea
83、k in the knees.G. Perhaps the most important time for coping with nervousness is shortly before the speech.【答案】35. E 36. D 37. F 38. B 39. C【解析】本文是议论文。文章通过举例说明了如何应付对于演讲的紧张情绪，以及适度紧张对演讲的益处。【35题详解】上文“Most people admit extreme nervousness at even the thought of giving a speech.”说明大多数人都认为一想到要演讲就感到极度紧张，空格
84、处承上启下，下文“Through speaking, we gain the power to share what we are thinking with others.(通过演讲，我们获得了与他人分享我们所想的东西的力量)”说明了演讲的重要性。由此可知，E项“但是你必须学会应付紧张，因为演讲很重要。”承上启下，符合文意。且E项中的“nervousness”与上文一致，“speaking”与下文一致。故选E项。【36题详解】下文“Some people tremble, sweat, and experience shortness of breath and increased hear
85、tbeat.(有些人会发抖，出汗，呼吸急促，心跳加快)”介绍了一部分人紧张时的表现。段末“And they still go on to deliver a strong speech.(而且他们还会继续发表强有力的演讲)”又介绍了另一类人紧张时候的表现，这说明人与人之间的紧张程度是不同的。D项“人与人之间紧张表现的不同是一个程度的问题。”符合文意。故选D项。【37题详解】上文“Some people tremble, sweat, and experience shortness of breath and increased heartbeat. As they go through th
86、eir speech, they may be so preoccupied with themselves that they lose contact with the audience, jump back and forth from point to point, and on occasion forget what they have planned to say.(有些人会发抖，出汗，呼吸急促，心跳加快。当他们讲完演讲时，他们可能会全神贯注于自己，以至于与听众失去联系，时不时地跳来跳去，有时会忘记他们计划要说的话)”说明了一类人紧张的表现。下文“And they still g
87、o on to deliver a strong speech.(而且他们还会继续发表强有力的演讲)”说明设空处介绍了另一类人在应对紧张时的表现。F项“然而，另一些人可能会感到胃里七上八下，膝盖发软。”承上启下，符合文意。故选F项。【38题详解】下文“Why? Because you must be a little more aroused than usual to do your best. A bit of nervousness gets the adrenaline flowing and that brings you to speaking readiness.(为什么？因为你
88、必须比平时更兴奋一点才能做到最好。一点点紧张会让肾上腺素分泌，这会让你准备好说话)”说明了适度紧张的必要性。又通过文中的“Why?”得知下文是为了解释设空处提出的论点，B项“事实上，如果你不紧张的话是有害的。”符合文意。故选B项。【39题详解】上文“She was amazed when other students said to her, “You seem so calm when you speak.”(当其他学生对她说：“你讲话的时候看起来很平静”时，她很惊讶)”说明学生的反馈与她的心理预期不同，空格处承上启下，下文“Once you realize that your audien
89、ce does not perceive your nervousness to the degree that you imagine, you will remove one unnecessary source of anxiety.(一旦你成功了意识到你的听众并没有像你想象的那样感觉到你的紧张，你将消除一个不必要的焦虑来源)”说明了演讲后获得反馈的重要性。C项“试着在演讲后从听众那里得到反馈。”符合本段观点。故选C项。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题Fashions M
90、elt DownThrowaway culture is trashing the planet-but one young chemical engineer has her own way to turn it overFast fashion has changed the way we dressWe buy more clothes, more often-but we wear them lessAlina Bassi, founder of Kleiderly, wants to give our clothing waste another chance at a useful
91、 lifeBassi has always cared about the threat of climate change, but she actually started her career in the oil industryAfter a few years, she landed at bio-bean, a startup that turned waste coffee grounds into products that could be burnt for heat and fuelAfter a year, Bassi was keen to branch out-u
92、sed coffee grounds are not the biggest threat facing the planetInstead, she poured her efforts into tackling a much bigger global polluter: the fashion industryAccording to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, we produce 100 billion items of clothing per year, and this is set to double by 2050But they do
93、nt last long enough to offset（抵消）the carbon cost of producing the material, creating the clothes, and then shipping them to customersIt makes no sense that we have such a high carbon footprint for something so short-lived, Bassi saysUsing the principles of a circular economy, Bassi has developed a l
94、ow-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plasticThis new plastic can then be used by manufacturers in their existing machines, so that your old T-shirts and jeans will become different products instead of clothes, such as clothing hangers, or even furni
95、tureFashion companies have some other ways to reduce fashion waste, from creating clothes designed to last, to recycling the fabric to make more clothingBut a problem this big needs multiple solutions, Bassi saysWe think about the multiple lives of a product and how we can keep reusing it instead of
96、 letting it fall into landfills or incinerators（焚化炉）,she says40. Why did Bassi switch her focus to the fashion industry?41. Please paraphrase the underlined sentence in your own words42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain whyKleiderly can chan
97、ge old jackets and trousers into a new material, which can be used to make more clothing43. Please briefly present your own solution（s）to the throwaway problem in daily life（about 40 words）【答案】40. Because its a much bigger global polluter 41. Theres no point in paying such a high carbon cost for pro
98、ducts that dont last long/We produce much CO2 while making and shipping clothesWe throw them away shortly after we buy themIts not right 42. Kleiderly can change old jackets and trousers into a new material, which can be used to make more clothingAccording to the passage, the new material can be use
99、d to make different products 43. 略【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了如何将时尚产业转换成可以重复利用，减少污染的环保产业。【40题详解】考查细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Instead, she poured her efforts into tackling a much bigger global polluter: the fashion industry（相反，她致力于解决一个更大的全球污染源：时尚产业。）”可知Bassi把重点转向时装业是因为它是一个更大的全球污染源。故答案为Because its a much bigger global pollute
100、r【41题详解】考查词句猜测题。根据“According to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, we produce 100 billion items of clothing per year, and this is set to double by 2050But they dont last long enough to offset（抵消）the carbon cost of producing the material, creating the clothes, and then shipping them to customers”根据埃伦麦克阿
101、瑟基金会（Ellen MacArthur Foundation）的数据，我们每年生产1000亿件服装，预计到2050年将翻一番。但它们的持续时间不足以抵消生产这种材料、制造这些服装，然后再将它们运到客户手中的碳成本。所以对于如此短暂的东西，我们产生如此高的碳足迹，这毫无意义。故答案为“Theres no point in paying such a high carbon cost for products that dont last long”或“We produce much CO2 while making and shipping clothesWe throw them away
102、shortly after we buy themIts not right”【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第五段“This new plastic can then be used by manufacturers in their existing machines, so that your old T-shirts and jeans will become different products instead of clothes, such as clothing hangers, or even furniture（这种新塑料可供制造商在现有的机器中使用，这样你的旧T恤和牛
103、仔裤将成为不同的产品，而不是衣服，比如衣架，甚至家具。）”可知“克莱德利可以把旧的夹克和裤子变成新的材料，用来制造更多的衣服”中。 “more clothing”是错误的。故答案为Kleiderly can change old jackets and trousers into a new material, which can be used to make more clothing【43题详解】考查开放性试题。我认为为了环保，我们在日常生活中最好少使用一次性用品，例如塑料袋，一次性筷子，一次性纸杯等等。故参考答案为Some people in order to covet conven
104、ient, will the use of disposable products. In the long run, a person to use disposable goods will make many trees die. So, for the sake of our health, health for our children and grandchildren, we shouldnt continue to use disposable goods.第二节（20分）44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华你的英国笔友Jim来邮件，询问你如何利用博物馆资源促进学习请你给Jim
105、回一封电子邮件，内容包括：1经历；2感受注意：1词数100左右；2开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,Im glad to hear from you. Personally, I find museums a great source of knowledge and beneficial to study. Actually, my classmates and I often go to museums and attend exhibitions of all kinds. Such visits have helped
106、us gain access to excellent resources and fresh perspectives on different subjects. Once, in order to better understand Ancient Chinese Inventions in the history class, my class went to China Science and Technology Museum. Viewing delicate exhibits and listening to the guides introduction, I was dee
107、ply impressed by the wisdom and creativity of ancient Chinese people. Many museums also offer online shows or lectures nowadays. Visiting their websites proves to be a rewarding experience. By the way, London is home to many fantastic museums. How do you make the most of them? Do write and tell me a
108、bout it. Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回一封电子邮件，告诉他如何利用博物馆资源促进学习。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时，少量现在完成时和一般过去时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：经历感受第二步：列提纲（重点词组）a great source of knowledge and beneficial to study; gain access to; in order to; be deeply impressed by; offer
109、online shows or lectures; prove to be; by the way第三步：连词成句Personally, I find museums a great source of knowledge and beneficial to study.Such visits have helped us gain access to excellent resources and fresh perspectives on different subjects. Once, in order to better understand Ancient Chinese Inve
110、ntions in the history class, my class went to China Science and Technology Museum.I was deeply impressed by the wisdom and creativity of ancient Chinese people.根据提示词及关键词（组）进行遣词造句 ，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）表并列补充关系：Also, By the way, And表目的：In order to连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】高分句型1 Once
111、, in order to better understand Ancient Chinese Inventions in the history class, my class went to China Science and Technology Museum. 用in order to不定式作目的状语。高分句型2 Viewing delicate exhibits and listening to the guides introduction, I was deeply impressed by the wisdom and creativity of ancient Chinese people. be impressed by使用了现在分词作状语。