1、Unit 2English around the world必备知识盘点夯基 BI BEI ZHI SHI PAN DIAN HANG JI单词立体巧记写准记牢语境运用核心单词1_native_ adj 本国的；本地的n本地人；本国人2_base_ vt 以为根据n基部；基地；基础3_vocabulary_ n 词汇；词汇量；词表4_spelling_ n拼写；拼法5_command_ n& vt命令；指令；掌握6_request_n& vt请求；要求7_straight_ adv 直接；挺直adj 直的；笔直的；正直的8_official_adj 官方的；正式的；公务的1 It is a g
2、ood idea to read English novels to enlarge your _vocabulary_ (词汇)2(2020全国卷)But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay _straight_(直的)through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times3(2020全国卷)_Official_(官方的)reports suggest that the number
3、of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001to 419,000 in 20134 In our school, all the students _are requested_ (request) to wear school uniforms on weekends 5(2020全国卷)What is Normans story _based_(base)on?拓展单词1_spelling_ n拼写；拼法_spell_ vt拼写2_actually_ adv实际上；事实
4、上_actual_ adj实际的3_gradual_ adj逐渐的；逐步的_gradually_ adv逐渐地；逐步地4_recognize_ vt辨认出；承认；公认_recognition_n承认；识别5_latter_ adj较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的_late_adj迟的；晚的_latest_ adj最新的；最近的6_fluent_ adj流利的；流畅的_fluently_ adv流利地；流畅地_fluency_ n 流利；流畅7_frequent_ adj频繁的；常见的_frequently_ adv常常；频繁地8_expression_ n词语；表示；表达；表情_express
5、_vt表示；表达；_express_n快车；快递9_usage_ n使用；用法；词语惯用法_use_ vt使用n用途_useful_adj有用的_useless_adj无用的10_enrich_ vt使富裕；充实；改善_rich_ adj富有的1 As is known to all, education is a _gradual_ process, and people are _gradually_ aware of its importance(gradual)2He had changed so much that you couldnt _recognize_him As a ma
6、tter of fact, illness and age changed him beyond _recognition_ (recognize)3The puzzled _expression_ on her face suggested that she didnt know how she could _express_ her feelings properly (express)4I can speak English _fluently_，so my deskmate admires my _fluent_ English very much and I usually feel
7、 encouraged by his compliments (fluent)5 He paid a visit to Russia which is _rich_ in natural resources and the travel _enriched_ his horizons (rich)6Please set off earlier because the traffic jams are more _frequent_ and whats worse, the buses run less _frequently_on Sunday (frequent)联想积累：1en-前缀和-e
8、n后缀变词性richenrich v使富裕ableenable v使能够largeenlarge v 使扩大sureensure v 确保；担保deepdeepen v 加深shortshorten v 缩短，使变短2“旅行”名词家族voyage 航行；航海tour (观光)旅行travel 旅行journey (长途)旅行trip (短途)旅行；外出outing 远足3形容词、副词同形的单词straight adv& adj 直的(地)fast adv& adj 快的(地)far adv& adj远的(地)pretty adv相当地，非常adj 漂亮的well adv 好adj健康的短语语境
9、助记写准记牢语境运用1_more than_超过；非常；不只是；不仅是2_because of_因为；由于3_come up_走近；上来；提出4_at present_ 现在；目前5_make good use of_ 充分利用6_such as_例如；像这种的7_play a very important part (in)_(在中)起着重要的作用8_even if/though_即使9_be based on_以为基础10_believe it or not_信不信由你11_the number of_的数量语境运用1(2020全国卷)_Even if_ there isnt a regi
10、stry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant2 There is no denying that music _plays a very important role/part in_ our daily life3 Although students can _make good use of_ the Internet to study, its hard to prevent them from using the Int
11、ernet for recreation4_At present_，developing the ability of the students is an important task in our daily teaching activity5(2020江苏卷)The phone boxes are becoming popular mainly _because of_ their changed roles and functions6The policeman _came up_ and knocked at the door hard, but no one answered句式
12、运用速记背会原句知晓考点我会仿用1Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的英语不尽相同，也可以相互理解。even ifeven though意为“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。1(2020天津卷单项填空改编)尽管流行音乐不是你喜欢的风格，但这并不意味着这种音乐不好。_Even though/if pop music is not your style_，that doesnt mean it is bad
13、2It was based more on German than the English we speak at present当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而不是我们今天所说的英语。morethan“与其说倒不如说”。2(湖南高考写作)我的英语取得很大进步，老师表扬了我，说与其说我聪明倒不如说我勤奋。I made such great progress in English that my teacher praised me saying that _I was more diligent than clever_3Believe it or not, there is no suc
14、h thing as standard English信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。there is no such“没有这样的”。3世界上没有像你说的那样聪明的人。There is _no such wise/clever person as_ you said in the world4However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak然而，在电视和收音机里你会听到人们说话的不同方式。the way后跟定语从句常省略that/in which。4(天津高考写作)我喜欢我们一起
15、玩的方式，比如开运动会和踢足球比赛。_I like the way(that/in which) we play together_，such as holding a sports meet and having a football match核心素养精讲层练 HE XIN SU YANG JING JIANG CENG LIAN1base vt 以为据点(或总部等)；以为根据n基部；基地；基础词汇拓展basis n原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础basic adj基本的；基础的用法归纳(1) 以为基础；以为根据economic/military/training base 经济基础/军
16、事基地/训练基地(2)on the basis of 根据；在的基础上层级训练夯基单句语法填空。_Basing_(base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later(北京高考书面表达)First, he showed us the_basic_(base) steps and skills of making dough figurines(2019天津卷)Scientists have built an early-warning system _base
17、d_ (base) on mathematical models(2020山西八校第一次联考)As far as Im concerned, common hobbies are the _basis_ (base) of making friends(2020全国卷)The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work _is based_(base)on our present mental register提能句式升级。The restaurant is based on trust, and it is
18、 working all right_Based on trust_，the restaurant is working all right (分词短语作状语)The restaurant, _which is based on trust_，is working all right(定语从句)2command nC命令；指令；U掌握vt命令；指挥；支配用法归纳(1)at/by sbs command听某人支配under ones command由指挥take command of控制have a good command of掌握；精通(尤指语言)(2)command that(should
19、) do命令做command sbto do sth命令某人做某事温馨提示后接宾语从句且从句中用(should)do结构的动词有：层级训练夯基单句语法填空。Im _at_ your commandwhat would you like me to do?The police commanded the witness _to describe_ (describe) what had happened the day beforeThe police commanded that the witness _(should) describe_ (describe) what had happe
20、ned the day before夯基熟词生义。It was his bravery showed in the rescue work that commanded our respect_赢得_提能单句写作。(2019浙江6月卷写作)I hold the firm belief that I am very qualified for this voluntary work, because I _have a good command of spoken English_ 我的确相信我适合这份志愿者工作，因为我精通英语口语。3request v& n请求；要求用法归纳(1)reques
21、t sbto do sth请求某人做某事request that sb(should) do sth要求/请求某人做某事It is requested that(should) do要求做request sth要求得到某物(2)make a request for sth要求某物；需要某物at sbs request(at the request of sb) 应某人要求/请求层级训练夯基单句语法填空。Because of the spread of the serious illness, they have made an urgent request _for_ internationa
22、l aid(2018天津卷)She had requested the community _to turn_ (turn) it into a museum upon her death(2018全国卷书面表达)After the film, each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students _are requested_ (request) to make comments and express their views about the film提能单句写作。(2019全国卷书面表达)My aim is t
23、o let China go to the world and let the world understand China _I would appreciate it if you could agree to my request_我的目标是让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国。如果你能同意我的要求，我将不胜感激。4recognize vt辨认；识别；承认；公认词汇拓展recognition n 认出；认识用法归纳(1)recognize sb/ones voice 认出某人/听出某人的声音be recognized to be/as 被认作/被认为是It is recognized that
24、人们公认(2)beyond recognition 认不出来层级训练夯基单句语法填空。(2019江苏卷)Chinas image is improving steadily, with more countries _recognizing_ (recognize) its role in international affairsEnvironmental pollution _is recognized_ (recognize) to have become one of the most serious problems that people face The city has bee
25、n built up so fast that it has changed beyond _recognition_ (recognize)提能一句多译。那本书被公认为是21世纪最伟大的文学作品之一。(recognize)The book _is recognized as/to be_ one of the greatest works of literature of the 21st century_It is recognized that_ the book is one of the greatest works of literature of the 21st century
26、5come up 走近；上来；提出；发芽；发生；(太阳、月亮等)升起归纳拓展(1)come up with提出；想出；赶上(2)come across (偶然)遇见come about 发生；产生come out 出来；出版；发行；显现；结果是come to 达到；苏醒；谈到(3)How come？(表示不理解)怎么回事？When it comes to sth当涉及时名师点津层级训练夯基写出下列句中come up的含义。Ill let him know if anything comes up_发生_The question of wage increase came up at the m
27、eeting_被提出_Almost all of the seeds have come up after a few days of sowing in late spring_发芽_The little boy came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station_走近_The sky was blue and clear when the moon came up_升起_提能句式升级。The project came up at the meeting yesterday, and it attra
28、cted many peoples attentionThe project came up at the meeting yesterday, _attracting many peoples attention_(升级为分词作状语)6make use of (take advantage of)利用；使用归纳拓展(1)make full/good use of 充分利用make the best/ most of 充分利用take(full) advantage of (充分)利用(2)come into use 开始被使用putinto use 使用be of (great) use (
29、很)有用It is no use doing sth 做是没用的。温馨提示(1)该短语中use前可以用good, full, little等来修饰。(2)该短语除了直接考查其主、被动形式之外，还常结合定语从句对其进行考查，此时use被提至先行词的位置，然后由含make of的定语从句修饰。This is the best use we made of our spare time这是对我们业余时间最好的利用。层级训练夯基单句语法填空。In my opinion，every chance should be made full use of_to practise_(practise)our o
30、ral English_Making_(make)the most of time is a good habit，which requires one to plan carefullyFull use must_be made_(make)of every minute to go over our lessons，for the final examination is comingIts no use_complaining_(complain)提能词汇/句式升级。We must make full use of every minute to go over our lessons,
31、 as the final examination is drawing near_With the final examination approaching_ we must _made the best/most of或take full advantage of_ every minute to go over our lessons (with复合结构)7Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的英
32、语不尽相同，也可以相互理解。本句中的even ifeven though“即使”，引导让步状语从句。归纳拓展even if/though即使，尽管，引导让步状语从句，在从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。在主从句主语相同或从句主语为it，且从句谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时也可采用省略句结构，即省略从句的主语和be动词。层级训练夯基单句语法填空。He wont eat his words even if he _knows_ (know) he said the wrong thingsHe wont come to our party even if _invited_ (invite)提能完
33、成句子。My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, _even if/though he is in his nineties_尽管我的祖父已经九十多岁了，但他仍不时打网球。(牛津高阶)I like her, _even if/though she can be annoying at times_尽管她有时可能很烦人，但我还是喜欢她。8It was based more on German than the English we speak at present当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而不是我们今天所说的英语。本句中的more t
34、han 意为“是而不是”，指同一人或物不同方面的比较。归纳拓展(1)more than 是而不是；与其说倒不如说 (2)more than多于(后跟数词)；不仅仅(后跟名词)；非常；岂止(后跟形容词、副词等)(3)no more than 仅仅；只不过not more than不超过；不及no比较级than两者都不(两者都否定)other than 除之外rather than 而不是层级训练夯基完成句子。She was _more sad than angry_(与其说生气倒不如说伤心) when her son lied againThe form can not be signed by
35、 anyone _other than yourself_(除了你自己之外)(2020全国卷)Orange trees are _more than_ decoration (不仅仅是装饰); they are a symbol of good forture and wealthHis whole school education _added up to no more than one year_(加起来不到一年)提能词汇升级。(2018全国卷)I am very glad to inform you that this years music festival will be held
36、 shortlyI am _more than delighted_ to inform you that this years music festival will be held shortly9Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。句中“no such单数名词”意为“没有这样的”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not such a/an单数名词”。归纳拓展(1)such(2)suchas像这样的，as在句中引导定语从句。层级训练夯基对比填空：that/as。
37、There is no such thing _as_ failure Failure is just life trying to move us in another directionIts such a difficult problem _as_ we cant work outIts such a difficult problem _that_ we cant work it outThere is no such thing _as_ you mentioned at the meeting yesterday提能单句写作。As we know, _theres no such
38、 thing as a free lunch_ in the world众所周知，世界上没有免费的午餐。10This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。归纳拓展This/That is because意为“这/那是因为，”用来表示原因。This/That is why意为“这/那是为什么，”用来表示结果。层级训练提能一句多译。他没能赶上早班车，那是
39、因为他今天早上起晚了。He missed the first bus and _that was because_ he got up late this morningHe got up late this morning and _that was why_ he missed the first busHe got up late this morning, _which was why_ he missed the first bus高效演练素能提升 GAO XIAO YAN LIAN SU NENG TI SHENG单句语法填空1(2019全国卷)Data collected fro
40、m the device could be used to recognize different participants _based_ (base)on how they typed, with very low error rates解析：句意：以参加实验的人们的打字方式为基础，从这个设备上搜集来的信息可以被用来识别这些人，错误率非常低。be based on“以为基础”此以过去分词短语形式作定语修饰participants。故填based。2(2018江苏卷阅读)When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather t
41、han a white one, customers recognized it _as_ sweeter and more tasty解析：考查固定句式。recognizeas“认为是”。故填as。3Though they found the road _blocked_(block), they decided to move on解析：考查非谓语动词。block与road构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词作宾补。故填blocked。4Although this is the first time that the plan _has come_(come) up at the meeti
42、ng, it has caused much concern解析：考查固定句式。It is the first time that句型中that从句谓语动词要用现在完成时。故填has come。5My boss requested me _to finish_ (finish) my work before next Monday解析：request sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”为固定搭配。故填to finish。6The manager gave his command that measures _(should) be taken_(take) immediately to
43、 correct all the mistakes made in marketing解析：考查虚拟语气。command所接名词性从句中应用“(should)动词原形”的虚拟语气。再由句意可知，应用被动语态。故填(should) be taken。7She was more worried _than_ angry when her daughter didnt come home解析：考查固定句式。morethan“与其说倒不如说”。故填than。8I think in English study it is your attitude, not your teachers that _pl
44、ays_(play) the key role解析：考查主谓一致。该句是一个含强调句型的句子；被强调部分是句子的主语部分，其真正主语是your attitude，故填单数第三人称形式。故填plays。9With so many people _communicating_(communicate) in English every day, we can see that it will be more and more important to have a good knowledge of English解析：考查非谓语动词。该with复合结构中，people与 communicate之
45、间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故填communicating。10In Japan some firms even monitor whether their employees smile _frequently_(frequent) enough at customers解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词smile应用副词。故填frequently。11(2020新高考卷)Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills _on_ a consistent basis解析：考查介词短语。on a basis“在的基础上”。故填on
46、。12The boss insisted that every minute _(should)be_(be) made full use of _to do_(do) the work well解析：句意：为了做好工作，老板要求应该充分利用每分钟。insist(坚持要求)后所接的宾语从句应该使用should动词原形，且should可以省略；不定式to do the work well在句中作目的状语。故填(should) be; to do。13Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _the_ Pacific Ocean on his way to Jav
47、a in _the_ thirteenth century解析：考查冠词。句意：据说马可波罗在十三世纪去爪哇的路上在太平洋上航行过。在表示“江河湖海山脉群岛”的名词前加定冠词the；在世纪表达法中的序数词前面要用定冠词the。故填the；the。14(2020全国卷)Shes trying to come up _with_ a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly解析：考查固定短语。come up with“想出，提出”。故填with。15(2018江苏卷阅读)Some social apps were p
48、opular among the children even _though/if_ they supposedly require users to be at least 13解析：句意：有些社交软件很受孩子的欢迎，尽管它们应该要求使用者至少13岁。根据句意填even if/though“即使；尽管”。单句改错1I hope the information will be of great useful to you_usefuluse_2Whoever comes up a new idea of how to work out the puzzle will be given a pr
49、ize_up后加with_3You should have made good use of the time you spent together discuss the matter_together后加to_4As far as I know，he was very angry because what you said just now_because后加上of_5More than one person have a good command of English in the research unit_havehas_6He requested that I must finis
50、h the task as soon as possible_mustshould或去掉must_单句写作1根据这些事实，我们可以得出以下结论。(1)_Based on/upon the facts，we can reach the following conclusions_(base)(2)_On the basis of the facts，we can reach the following conclusions_(basis)2他命令我们一个小时内完成这项工作。(1)_He commanded that we (should) finish the work in an hour_
51、(command that)(2)_He commanded us to finish the work in an hour_(command sb to do sth)3提到餐桌礼仪，即使你不习惯，吃饭时也要小声说话。(when it comes to)_When it comes to table manners，keep your voice low during the meal even if you are not used to it_4即使你读起英语来很容易，你会发现用它流利地与别人交流很难。(even if)_Even if you read English easily，
52、youll find it difficult to communicate with others fluently in it_5当他们没有回家时，与其说我担心倒不如说我生气。(morethan)_I was more angry than worried when they didnt come home_语篇填空English was _1mostly_ (most) spoken by people from England They were native speakers Today, the largest number of people _2learning_ (learn
53、) English may be in China A lot of Chinese people speak English _3as_ their foreign language The English language _4has changed_ (change) quite a lot over the last centuries Old English sounded more like German for it _5was based_ (base) on German, but modern English sounds _6more_ (much) like Frenc
54、h than German because those who ruled England _7spoke_ (speak) French Two people had great effects _8on_ the English changes _9One_ was Samuel Johnson, who wrote his dictionary; the other was Noah Webster, who wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language, _10which_ gave American English its
55、 own identity话题写作用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文假设你是李华，你的朋友Tom因为受“汉语热”的影响决心学习汉语，来信向你咨询。请你给他写封回信，说明“汉语热”的原因，并提出几条学习汉语的建议。补充要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)目前，有很多外国人学习汉语，因为中国在世界上起着越来越重要的作用。_At present_，there are a number of foreigners, learning Chinese，because China _is playing an increasingly important part in the world_精通汉
56、语，你就能更好地了解中国这个有着5 000多年历史的国家。_With a good command of Chinese_，you will get a better understanding of China, a country with a history of _more than 5,000 years_至于学习汉语的建议，我想说世界上没有免费的午餐。As for the advice of learning Chinese，I would say _there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world_说一口流利的中文应该以勤奋为
57、基础。_Speaking fluent Chinese/Speaking Chinese fluently should be based on hard work_利用一切机会练习汉语，你用得越多，你就学得越好。_Make use of every opportunity/chance to practise Chinese_the more you use Chinese, the better you will learn it即使在学习汉语时会出现许多问题，你也不应该放弃。_Even if/though many problems may come up in learning Chi
58、nese，you should not give up_升级平淡句1利用“that is because”句式升级句_At present，there are a number of foreigners learning Chinese，and that is because China is playing an increasingly important part in the world_2利用强调句式升级句_It is with a good command of Chinese that you will get a better understanding of China，a
59、 country with a history of more than 5,000 years_衔接成美文(请利用适当的过渡衔接词汇，如：therefore，to begin with, most importantly等)_Dear Tom，_At present, there are a number of foreigners learning Chinese, and that is because China is playing an increasingly important part in the world It is with a good command of Chi
60、nese that you will get a better understanding of China，a country with a history of more than 5,000 years As for the advice of learning Chinese, I would say there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world Therefore, speaking fluent Chinese should be based on hard work To begin with, make use of every opportunity/chance to practise Chinesethe more you use Chinese，the better you will learn it Most importantly, even if/though many problems may come up in learning Chinese, you should not give up_Yours，_Li Hua_