1、专题六 史地常识型阅读理解 专题六 史地常识型阅读理解 专题导读专题六 专题导读 史地常识型文章通常介绍异域风光，历史事件，进一步扩大我们的视野和对其他国家，尤其是对英语国家的了解。因此史地常识型文章经常出现在高考阅读理解中，其趋势是：1选材：英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件，历史年代。2命题：以细节题为主，有部分推断题。3知识：涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。史地常识型文章多以细节题为主，着重考查考生理解文中具体信息的能力。细节题一般分为以下几类：专题六 专题导读 1排序题：根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。一般采用“首尾定位法”来做题。即先确定出第一个和最后一个事件，
2、缩小范围，得出答案。2图文转换题：根据短文描写找出相应图形或根据图形找出答案。一般采用“文史锁定法”，(找出文字，按“文”定“图”)或“图形标示法”(在图中标出内容，以便理解)。3数字换算题：根据数据，找出换算关系，计算并得出答案。专题六 专题导读 4表格理解题：看懂行和列分别代表的意义，正确理解，做出选择。5同义转换题。6代词指代题：理清人物、事件间的逻辑关系，使人物、事件更加条理化，简明化。专题六 真题典例 真题典例2011安徽卷 Think about the different ways that peopleuse the wind.You can use it to fly a k
3、ite or to sail a boat.Windis one of our cleanest and richest power sources(来源),as wellas one of the oldest.Evidence shows that windmills(风车)began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh centuryBC.They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s，when armies returned from the Middle East w
4、ith knowledge ofusing wind power.专题六 真题典例 For many centuries,people used windmills to grind(磨碎)wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground.Whenelectricity was discovered in the late 1800s，people living inremote areas began to use them to produce electricity.Thisallowed them to have electric
5、 lights and radio.However,by the1940s when electricity was available to people in almost allareas of the United States,windmills were rarely used.专题六 真题典例 During the 1970s，people started becoming concernedabout the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burnedto produce electricity.People a
6、lso realized that the supply of coaland gas would not last forever.Then,wind was rediscovered,though it means higher costs.Today,there is a global movementto supply more and more of our electricity through the use ofwind.【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍人们使用风的几种不同方式。可以放风筝，可以扬帆航行，还是最清洁最丰富的能源，很早以前人们就开始用风能发电了。专题六 真题典例
7、()1.From the text we know that windmills_.Awere invented by European armiesBhave a history of more than 2,800 yearsCused to supply power to radio in remote areasDhave rarely been used since electricity was discovered【解析】C 细节理解题。从第二段When electricity wasdiscovered in the late 1800s,people living in re
8、mote areasbegan to use them to produce electricity.This allowed them tohave electric lights and radio.可知风车在偏远的地区曾用来发电，人们可以照明和听广播。专题六 真题典例()2.What was a new use for wind power in the late19th century?ASailing a boat.BProducing electricity.CGrinding wheat into flour.DPumping water from underground.【解析
9、】B 细节理解题。从第二段第二句Whenelectricity was discovered in the late 1800s,people living inremote areas began to use them to produce electricity.可知在19世纪末期，人们开始用风车来发电。专题六 真题典例()3.One of the reasons wind was rediscovered in the1970s is that _.Awind power is cleanerBit is one of the oldest power sourcesCit was c
10、heaper to create energy from windDthe supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs【解析】A 细节理解题。从文章最后一段前两句可知“人们从20世纪70年代开始关注烧煤和气来发电产生的空气污染，而且煤和气不会持久。”尽管风能发电成本高，但是人们还是开始重新考虑用风能发电。专题六 真题典例()4.What would the author probably discuss in theparagraph that follows?AThe advantages of wind power.BThe design of
11、wind power plants.CThe worldwide movement to save energy.DThe global trend towards producing power from wind.【解析】D 推理判断题。从文章最后一句可知作者下段可能会讨论全球用风能发电的趋势。新题预测专题六 新题预测(一)Pets are no strangers to the White House.Many ofAmericas Presidents have been animal lovers.In recent times,White House pets have been
12、tame dogs and cats.Long ago,however,presidential pets,like our nation itself,were wilder!新题预测专题六 新题预测 In 1806,President Thomas Jefferson lived in the WhiteHouse.Passersby often caught sight of his pet bears.Explorershad discovered these fierce bears,caught a pair of small ones,and sent them to Jeffe
13、rson.While the President was excitedabout his bears,his enemies in Congress constantly laughed athis pets,calling the White House“The Presidents BearGarden”专题六 新题预测 By 1825,the bears were long gone from the WhiteHouse scene.Now the building was home to President JohnQuincy Adams and his crocodile.Th
14、e green beast actuallybelonged to General Lafayette,a French hero who had helpedthe United States win the Revolutionary War.When Lafayetteasked Adams to keep the crocodile for him,the Presidentcouldnt refuse.While President Adams babysat the hugecrocodile,First Lady Louisa Adams was busy raising tho
15、usandsof silkworms.She used the silk from the silkworms to makecloth for her dresses.专题六 新题预测 When President Martin Van Buren moved into the WhiteHouse in 1837,he brought his tigers with him.At least,VanBuren said the tigers were his.The Sultan of Oman had sentthe tigers when Van Buren was elected,s
16、o Congress argued thatthe cats belonged to the American people.A fight over the tigerscontinued for months.In the end,Congress sent someone toseize the tigers and put them in a zoo.专题六 新题预测 Twenty years later,President James Buchanan receivedanother valuable gift when he was in his first year in the
17、 WhiteHouse.This time,the King of Siam sent several elephants!Buchanan had no desire to share his building with the bigcreatures,so he sent them to the zoo.Buchanan did,however,keep another gift a pair of birds.They were a fitting symbolof presidential power.【解析】饲养宠物一直是西方人的喜好，然而在白宫内总统饲养宠物还是一件新鲜事。本文以
18、时间为顺序详细讲述了美国总统饲养宠物的趣事。专题六 新题预测()1.According to the passage,we can infer that_.Athe pets the Presidents raised were all huge onesBthe pets the Presidents owned were all their favoriteonesCthe Presidents kept the pets not only at home but inthe zooDthe Presidents pets were not only cared about by thei
19、rfamilies【解析】D 推理判断题。可用排除法。专题六 新题预测()2.How did the Presidents mentioned get theirunusual pets?AThey got them in the forest.BThey bought them at the market.CThe pets were given to them by others.DTheir family members offered them the pets.【解析】C 细节理解题。文章中一共提到ThomasJefferson,John Quincy Adams,Martin Va
20、n Buren,JamesBuchanan等美国总统，他们的宠物都是别人赠送的。专题六 新题预测()3.What similar political effect did Jeffersons bearsand Van Burens tigers have?AThe pets made them happy and gay.BIt took them too much time to look after them.CIt made people believe that they were animal lovers.DIt brought about dissatisfaction wit
21、h them in Congress.专题六 新题预测【解析】D 细节理解题。由第二段的his enemies inCongress constantly laughed at his pets,calling the WhiteHouse“The Presidents Bear Garden”和 第 四 段 的 soCongress argued that the cats belonged to the Americanpeople.A fight over the tigers continued for months.可知这两位总统在白宫养宠物引起了国会的反对。专题六 新题预测()4.
22、President James Buchanan got elephants,whilePresident Bill Clinton,who came to power about _years later,kept dogs as pets.Anearly two hundredBover one hundred and thirtyCabout one hundredDaround forty five【解析】B 由文章最后一段可知President JamesBuchanan得到大象时是在1857年，而Bill Clinton是在1992年竞选当总统的，相距135余年了，因此选项B为答案
23、。专题六 新题预测(二)ISLANDS in the world are famous for different things.But Hawaii is special for its variety of features.Beautiful sandybeaches,active volcanoes(火山),a great canyon(溪谷)andspecial history and culture add up to create its famouslyromantic atmosphere.Formed by volcanoes at the bottom of the se
24、a,the Hawaiiislands are like a necklace(项链)in the middle of the PacificOcean,6,000 kilometres off the west coast of Mexico.There areeight main islands in the group：Hawaii(or Big Island),Maui,Kahoolawe,Lanai,Molokai,Oahu,Kauai,and Niihau.专题六 新题预测 The youngest and biggest island,also called Hawaii was
25、formed 430,000 years ago and is still growing.Kauai,theoldest was formed 5.1 million years ago.For tourists,the sightof the lava(熔岩)that still flows from some of the volcanoesdown to the sea,is a major attraction.Hawaii is the newest and smallest state in the US.In 1900the islands joined the US.In m
26、odern history it will always beremembered for the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japaneseair force 1941.专题六 新题预测 About 1,000 years ago the islands were settled byPolynesians(波利尼西亚人)Captain James Cook led the firstgroup of Westerners there in 1778.Native Hawaiians have a special culture and languages.
27、Although nowadays English is the official language of Hawaii,folkmusic and dancing are stillwidely practiced.Thetraditional dance of the islands is the hula,a Hawaiian wordthat means dance.专题六 新题预测 Hawaiis reputation for romance was spread whenHollywood started to use its typical music in movies in
28、the1960s.Today,Hawaii is famous for its mix of cultures.Chinese,Japanese and Filipinos all live there.Chinese arrived in the islands as early as the late 18thcentury.Dr Sun Yat sen,the famous Chinese revolutionary,grew up there.专题六 新题预测 Everyone in Hawaii is a member of an ethnic minority(少数民族)and g
29、enerally they exist in a pleasant harmony(和谐)of races and cultures.【解析】本文是说明文。全文说明了夏威夷的形成以及自然与人文风情。专题六 新题预测()1.Which of the following directly led to theformation of the Hawaii islands?AThe sea.BThe volcanoes.CThe violent meeting of the earths different plates.DThe nonstop turning of the earth.【解 析】
30、B 细 节 理 解 题。从 第 二 段 Formed byvolcanoes at the bottom of the sea 我们可以得出答案。专题六 新题预测()2.Which of the following shows the correct order ofthe listed events?aJapan attacked Hawaii.bThe Hawaii islands became part of the US.cHawaii began to be known for romance.dFirst group of Chinese settled there.Ad,b,c,
31、a Bb,d,a,cCd,b,a,c Db,a,d,c专题六 新题预测【解析】C 细节理解题。从文中Chinese arrived in theislands as early as the late 18th century我们知道d 排在第一位，因此排除B，D。从文章知日本空军在1941年袭击珍珠港，从短文倒数第四段知Hawaii began to be known for romance 是在二十世纪六十年代。专题六 新题预测()3.Native Hawaiians come from _.AAsiaBthe WestCSouth AmericaDPolynesia【解析】D 细节理解题。从About 1,000 years ago theislands were settled by Polynesians我们可以得出答案。专题六 新题预测()4.The main idea of the story is about Hawaiis_.AhistoryBgeographyCcultureDfeatures【解析】D 主旨大意题。全文既讲了夏威夷的地理概况，又讲了它的历史，因此D为最佳答案。