1、专题五 文化教育型阅读理解 专题五 文化教育型阅读理解 专题导读专题五 专题导读 文化教育型阅读理解文章属高考常选材料之一。这类文章常涉及文化、教育、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、各国学校教育、家庭教育等等。这类材料的命题点往往落在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。专题五 专题导读 在做这类阅读理解题时，我们应注意以下几个方面：1采用先题后文的方法：先读题目，再带着问题读文章。这类阅读理解文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一点，如果带着问题读文章，有利于我们抓细节。2先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后，自然会加深我们对文章的理
2、解，这样更有利于做主旨大意题。3重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类：一类是Main idea型；一类是Topic或Title型。在解答这类试题时应注意以下几点：专题五 专题导读(1)读首句抓大意。文化教育型阅读理解文章多采用说明文、议论文体裁，而这类文章大都采用文章段落的中心，即主题句在文章开头。因此，要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。(2)读尾句抓大意。有时这类文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾，作为对全篇的总结。(3)读首尾段抓大意。有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句。这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用两次点题的写作方法。这两个主题句在句子结构和用词上有所不同，而且
3、在内容上前句和后句也不重复。专题五 专题导读(4)从段落中抓大意。有些文章或段落的主题句在文章中，这种文章或段落往往以一句话或几句话引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。(5)归纳要点抓大意。有些文章或段落无明显的主题句，只是暗示性地体现主题。这就要求同学们在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或线索来概括总结主旨大意。专题五 真题典例 真题典例2011辽宁卷 About 21,000 young people in 17 Americanstates do not attend classes in school buildings.Instead,theyreceive
4、their elementary(初等)and high school education byworking at home on computers.The Center for EducationReform says the United States has 67 public“cyberschools”，and that is about twice as many as two years ago.专题五 真题典例 The money for students to attend a cyberschool comesfrom the governments of the sta
5、tes where they live.Someeducators say cyberschools receive money that should supporttraditional public schools.They also say it is difficult to know ifstudents are learning well.Other educators praise this new form of education forletting students work at their own speed.These people saycyberschools
6、 help students who were unhappy or unsuccessfulin traditional schools.They say learning at home by computerends long bus rides for children who live far from school.专题五 真题典例 Whatever the judgement of cyberschools,they are gettingmore and more popular.For example,a new cyberschool calledCommonwealth
7、Connections Academy will take in students thisfall.It will serve children in the state of Pennsylvania from agesfive through thirteen.Children get free equipment for their online education.This includes a computer,a printer,books and technical services.Parents and students talk with teachers by tele
8、phone or bysending emails through their computers when necessary.专题五 真题典例 Students at cyberschools usually do not know one another.But56 such students who finished studies at Western PennsylvaniaCyber Charter School recently met for the first time.They wereguests of honor at their graduation.【解析】本文是
9、一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国新兴的网络学校的现状、学生的学习方式、各方的评价、网络学校的经济来源以及设备提供等。专题五 真题典例()1.What do we know from the text about students ofa cyberschool?AThey have to take long bus rides to school.BThey study at home rather than in classrooms.CThey receive money from traditional public schools.DThey do well in traditional s
10、chool programs.【解析】B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Instead,they receive their elementary and high school education byworking at home on computers”，可知他们在家通过电脑接受初中和高中教育，故可知B项正确。专题五 真题典例()2.What is a problem with cyberschools?ATheir equipment costs a lot of money.BThey get little support from the state government.CIt
11、 is hard to know students progress in learning.DThe students find it hard to make friends.【解析】C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Theyalso say it is difficult to know if students are learning well”可知，了解学生学的是否好是很难的，与C项一致。专题五 真题典例()3.Cyberschools are getting popular because_.Athey are less expensive for studentsBtheir
12、students can work at their own speedCtheir graduates are more successful in societyDthey serve students in a wider age range【解析】B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Othereducators praise this new form of education for lettingstudents work at their own speed”，可知这种新形式的学校允许学生按照自己的速度学习，与B项一致。专题五 真题典例()4.We can infer that t
13、he author of the text is_.Aunprejudiced in his description of cyberschoolsBexcited about the future of cyberschoolsCdoubtful about the quality of cyberschoolsDdisappointed at the development of cyberschools【解析】A 推理判断题。本文作者客观的向读者介绍网络学校的现状，学生的学习方式、各方的评价、它的经济来 源 和 设 备 提 供 等，特 别 是 根 据 第 四 段 第 一 句 中 的“Wh
14、atever the judgment of cyberschools”，可知作者对网络学校的态度是公平而没有成见的，与A项一致。专题五 新题预测(一)A few years ago,I took a sightseeing trip to Washington,DC.Standing outside the Ronald Reagan Center,I heard avoice say,“Can you help me？”When I turned around,I sawan elderly blind woman with her hand extended(伸展)In anatural
15、 reflex(反射),I reached into my pocket,pulled out all ofmy loose change and placed it on her hand without even新题预测专题五 新题预测 looking at her.I was annoyed at being bothered by a beggar.But the blind woman smiled and said,“I dont want yourmoney.I just need help finding the post office.”In an instant,I rea
16、lized what I had done.I judgedanother person simply for what I assumed she had to be.Ihated what I saw in myself.This incident reawakened my beliefin humility(谦恭),even though Id lost it for a moment.专题五 新题预测 The thing I had forgotten about myself is that I am animmigrant(移民)I left Honduras and arriv
17、ed in the US.atthe age of 15.I started my new life with two suitcases,mybrother and sister,and a strong,serious minded mother.Through the years,I have been a dishwasher,mechanic andpizza delivery driver among many other humble(卑微的)jobs,and eventually I became a network engineer.专题五 新题预测 In my own li
18、fe,I have experienced many open acts ofprejudice.I remember a time,at age 17I worked as a waiter,and I heard a father tell his little boy that if he did not do wellin school,he would end up like me.I have also witnessed thesame treatment of my family and friends,so I know what itslike,and I should h
19、ave known better.But now,living in my American middleclass lifestyle,it istoo easy to forget my past,to forget who I am and where I havebeen,and to lose sight of where I want to be going.That blindwoman on the streets of Washington,DC.,cured me of my专题五 新题预测 blindness.She reminded me of my belief in
20、 humility and toalways keep my eyes and heart open.By the way,I helped thatlady to the post office.And in writing this essay,I hope to thankher for the priceless lesson.【解析】一位上了年纪的女盲人在街头向作者求助，作者却想当然地认为她是在乞讨。作者羞愧难当，经深刻反省后，端正了思想认识。专题五 新题预测()1.We can learn from the first two paragraphsthat_.Athe author
21、 regretted his act of prejudiceBthe blind woman needed the money badlyCthe author was as poor as the blind womanDthe author was a native American【解析】A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句In aninstant,I realized what I had done 和 第 二 句 I judgedanothershe had to be，联系第四段acts of prejudice可知，作者知道自己错了，不该带着偏见行事，瞧不起穷人。专题五 新题预测(
22、)2.According to Paragraph 4,hearing the fatherswords,the author was probably_.Arather hurtBvery excitedCdeeply movedDgreatly inspired【解 析】A 推 理 判 断 题。根 据 第 四 段 第 二 句 Iremember a timeend up like me可知，当时那个小孩的父亲把作者当成了反面教材来教育孩子，可推出作者可能受到了很大的伤害。专题五 新题预测()3.According to the passage,the author probablyagre
23、es that one should_.Abe bad to the elderly and the disabledBtry to experience different kinds of lifeCtreat others equally with love and respectDthink about ones past as often as possible【解析】C 推理判断题。帮助盲人这件事并不大，但作者深刻反省，认识不应该对弱势群体持有偏见。C项说法与作者的意图一致。专题五 新题预测()4.Accordingtothepassage,howmanystatements ar
24、e TRUE?aI was not born in America.bI was impatient with the blind woman at first.cI wouldnt like to help the blind woman at all.dI have a rather rich life now.eI once was ashamed of my first jobs.A2.B3.C4.D5.专题五 新题预测【解析】C 细节理解题。从第三段第一、二句话可知a正确，第三段最后一句话可知e正确，从第一段可知b正确，从最后一段可知d正确，从本文最后的结果可知作者后来帮助了那个失明
25、的老妇人，故c叙述有误，故本题答案为C。专题五 新题预测()5.Which of the following can be the best title forthe passage?ALearn from your pastBHow my dream comes trueCA belief that will never changeDA priceless lesson in the street专题五 新题预测【解析】D 主旨大意题。主要根据在最后一段第二句That blind womanof my blindness和第三句She remindedmeand heart open.关键
26、词语是末段第二句的on the streets和最后一句的the priceless lesson。第二句的意思是：华盛顿街头的那位女盲人让我重见光明。也就是说，那位盲人让作者丢掉对弱势群体的偏见，继续坚持谦恭待人的人生信条。专题五 新题预测(二)Just what is a tiger mother?Amy Chua is a law professorat Americas Yale University and her recent book on the subjectismakingwaves.Shesbeencalled“dangerous”，“outrageous”，even a
27、“monster”for her descriptions of howshe brought up her two daughters.Her book Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother describesfighting with a daughter for hours at the piano to ensure thechild gets a piece of music right.She rejected birthday cards专题五 新题预测 made for her by her girls because she didnt think
28、theyhad made enough effort.She compared one child negativelywith the other,threatening to burn their toys.Her rules include:schoolwork always comes first;an A minus is a bad grade;yourchildren must be two years ahead of their classmates in math,and playing the violin or the piano is a must.专题五 新题预测
29、Ms Chua considers the Chinese hard work ethic as a wayof creating happy,successful childrenat least in her case.Although shes had a large amount of flak for her theories,onething cant be ignoredthe success of Chinese children in theeducation system.In Britain,shocking research shows that Chinese gir
30、ls,for example,are outperforming all other foreign groups atGCSE 79 percent getting 5 AC Grades,compared with 58percent of white British girls.So what is it about Chineseparenting thats leading to high achievers?And how do AmyChuas theories play into that success?专题五 新题预测 She told me that if her dau
31、ghter came back from schoolwith 96/100 in a test,Chua would ask her what happened tothe other 4 points.Its about always knowing“you can dobetter”，she told me.Interestingly,in China,the birthplace of the tiger mother,people are moving away from traditional Chinese parenting.They are following more we
32、stern parenting styles.【解析】Amy Chua写了一本关于教育她的孩子的书，书里面的内容引起了轰动，因为她的教育方法太严厉了。专题五 新题预测()1.After reading Amy Chuas recent book,the public_.Afeel very sorry for their own childrenBconsider her a very successful motherCrealize their methods of bringing up children arewrongDdont think highly of her methods
33、 of bringing up herchildren【解析】D 推理判断题。根据第一段可推断出大众对Amy Chua的教育方法评价不高。专题五 新题预测()2.What can we learn about Amy Chua according toParagraph 2?AShe is very strict with her children.BShe doesnt think her children are clever.CShe is very interested in playing the piano.DShe knows playing is important to ch
34、ildren.【解析】A 推理判断题。根据第二段可知Amy Chua对她的孩子们很严厉。专题五 新题预测()3.Paragraph 4 shows that _.AChinese parents dont think grades are very importantBChinese children are cleverer than British childrenCChinese parents are proud of their childrenDChinese children do well in their study【解析】D 细节理解题。根据第四段中Chinesegirls
35、，for example，are outperforming all other foreigngroups at GCSE79 percent getting 5 AC Grades可知中国的孩子学习成绩比较好。专题五 新题预测()4.The underlined word“flak”in the third paragraphprobably means“_”AattentionBcriticismCcuriosityDcontribution【解析】B 词义猜测题。尽管她因为她的教育理论受到了很多批评，但是有一点不容忽视中国孩子在教育上的成功。专题五 新题预测()5.It can be
36、inferred from the text that _.AAmy Chua will change her methodsBAmy Chua considers her methods usefulCAmy Chuas children dont love their motherDAmy Chuas children prefer western parentingstyles【解析】B 推理判断题。根据第三段中Ms Chuaconsiders the Chinese hard work ethic as a way of creatinghappy，successful children可推断出Amy Chua认为她的教育方法很有用。