1、Section Learning about Language & Using Languagelower vt.降低；跌落；减弱dull adj.不鲜明的；阴暗的fragrant adj.芬芳的；香的typical adj.典型的；有代表性的 attach vt.附着；系上；附加；缚上monument n.纪念碑pyramid n.金字塔delicate adj.精巧的；脆弱的；微妙的string n.线；细绳；一串ripe adj.熟的；成熟的11postpone vt.推迟；拖延12rot v.腐烂；腐败13irrigation n.灌溉14evolve vt.& vi.进化；演变；发展
2、；进展15beard n.胡须1attach .to.把系到上；贴上；附上2give out发出(气味、热等)；分发3adapt to适应4reward .with.以回报5rot away腐烂掉For example，yellow flowers attract bees，while red flowers attract butterflies.例如，黄花吸引蜜蜂，而红花吸引蝴蝶。2.usually the nectar is at the end of a small，narrow tube whose length is the same as the tongue of a part
3、icular species.花粉通常在狭小的花管子里的末端，其长度与特定花粉传播者的舌头相当。Read the passage and tell the following statements True (T) or False (F)Most of the animal pollinators have evolved ahead of the flowering plants.( )Through evolution，flies，wasps，beetles and other animals such as bees and moths have become less common.
4、( )3The pollinators choose the types of flowers according to the features of them such as the colour，shape，and smell.( )答案：13.FFT Over time，many flowering plants and their animal pollinators have evolved together.许多开花的植物长期以来是和它们的动物传粉媒介一起发展的。Maize evolved from a wild grass in Mexico.玉米是由墨西哥的一种野草进化而来的
5、。自我探究evolve 是动词，意为进化，发展，演变。evolve from sth.由某物/从某物进化而来evolve into sth.逐渐形成某物evolution n.进化，演变evolutionary adj.进化的，演变的 Each school must evolve its own way of working.每个学校必须形成自己的办学模式。The three species evolved from a single ancestor.这三种生物从同一祖先进化而来。Do you know the evolution of the steamship?你知道蒸汽船的演变吗？巧
6、学活用完成句子达尔文认为我们人是从类人猿进化来的。Darwin believed that_答案：we human beings evolved from the ape Pollen becomes attached to the animal during its visit to a flower and is then passed on to another plants blossom on its next visit.动物接触一朵花后，花粉就附着在它的身上，动物接触下一种植物的花时，就把这些花粉传到花朵上。However，I think sometimes we attach
7、too much importance to our phones so that we ignore our friends.然而，我认为有时候我们太重视手机而忽略了我们的朋友。He attached a label to his trunk.他给大皮箱贴上了标签。自我探究attach是动词，意为缚上；系上；附加，常与介词 to连用，意为把贴上，附上。(1)attach sth.to sth.把固定；把附(在上)attach importance/significance/value to sth.重视，认为有重要性(或意义、价值、分量等)attach oneself to sb.依附某人b
8、e attached to依恋；属于；加入；隶属于attach to sb.与某人相关联；归功于某人(2)attachment n.附着，附属；依恋 I attach great importance to this research.我认为这项研究十分重要。No blame attaches to you in this affair.这件事不怪你。巧学活用完成句子(1)当我们初学外语的时候，我们应该特别重视正确的发音。We should_when first learning a foreign language.(2)他们已经在协议上附加了一些条件。They have_the agree
9、ment.答案：(1)attach primary importance to correct pronunciation(2)attached a number of conditions to Smell：strong，sweet perfume，typically only given out at night.气味：浓烈的香味，典型的香甜味，典型之处只是在夜晚散发。Please help me give out these test papers.请帮我分发这些试卷。The coal began to give out.煤用光了。自我探究give out是动词和副词组成的动词短语，意为
10、分发，用光(用尽)。give out主要有以下两个意思：(1)分发，发出(气味、热等)。(2)当意为“用光，用尽，筋疲力尽”时，是不及物动词的短语，相当于run out；如果后面接宾语，就要用run out of或use up。Howard gave out drinks to his guests.霍华德把饮料分给来宾。They gave out ad leaflets to the customers.他们向顾客散发广告传单。Our food supplies are giving out/running out.我们的食物快要吃光了。We are using up/running out
11、 of our money.我们的钱快要花光了。For example，yellow flowers attract bees，while red flowers attract butterflies.例如，黄花吸引蜜蜂，而红花吸引蝴蝶。Tom is very good at science, while his brother is absolutely hopeless.汤姆擅长理科，然而他的弟弟绝对是无可救药。自我探究while为连词，连接两个分句，意为而，然而，表示对比或转折，while位于两个分句之间。(1)引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”，此时，谓语动词用延续性的。(2)引导让
12、步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。(3)表示条件，意为“只要”，其意思和用法相当于as long as或if。He caught a cold while (he was) on vacation.他度假时患了感冒。While I agree with your reason，I cant allow it.尽管我同意你的理由，但我不允许这样做。There will be life while there is water and air.只要有水和空气，就有生命。While there is life，there is hope.留得生命在，不怕没希望。巧学活用完成句子尽管我承认他并不完美，但
13、我确实喜欢这个人。_I accept that he is not perfect，I do actually like the person.答案：While课时作业11 单句语法填空1The deer _ (low) its head to drink from the pond.答案：lowered2The apples _(ripe) to perfection.答案：were ripened3_(irrigate) is needed to make crops grow in dry regions.答案：Irrigation4The _(typically) family may
14、 remain one child，but some childless and only consisting of a man and a woman.答案：typical5As a result of the radio appeal _ help for the flood victims，they have over raised a million pounds.答案：for6Our visit to the museum _(postpone)答案：is postponed7Many Victorians were shocked by the notion(观念) that M
15、an had evolved _ lower forms of life.答案：from8This middle school is attached _ a teachers college.答案：to9The young man tried his best to _(conviction) the judge that he was innocent.答案：convince10Cycling is highly beneficial _ peoples health and the environment.答案：to 阅读理解AWhen slaves were first brought
16、 over from West Africa to the southern parts of America，they brought along with them aspects of their own culturereligion，dance，language，music，and cuisine. A mix of the two cultures eventually appeared.The religious dance of the ring shout turned into modern dances like the Charleston，and tribal cha
17、nts slowly transformed into sorrowful hymns(圣歌) sung by slaves that described their hardships.These soulful accounts by slaves of the severe climate and conditions began to be called “the blues”，which continued in popularity among African Americans after the Civil War.This music increased in popular
18、ity into the early 1900s when many black musicians became an important part of the music industry.The slaves that had been brought over were from all different regions of West Africa，but they worked together until they gradually formed a common culture.This strengthened the identity of their music t
19、hat，in the 1950s，eventually led to the beginning of rock and roll.The Beatles，the most influential band of the 1960s，is often determined as the accelerator that resulted in the ideology(意识形态) surrounding music that is still around today.The freedom and individuality associated with that time period
20、brought forth a whole culture surrounding music.It was not just music any more，but a lifestyle.Over the decades，music has developed into such a vital part of society and pop culture.Musicians are glorified，with tons of adoring and screaming fans.The modern technology of present day has allowed for a
21、 greater gap between the creator of the music and the fans，as well as the widespread commercialization of music.However，criticisms of modern pop music often arise due to its mass production，and now there is lack of the same soul and quality of naturalness and simplicity in music that was rising in t
22、he early 20th century.【解题导语】当奴隶开始被从西非带到美国南部时，他们也带来了自己的文化宗教、舞蹈、语言、音乐和烹饪。本文主要讲的是音乐在文化融合中的发展。1What contributed to the birth of the Charleston?AVarious African religions.BPeoples love of tribal dances.CA mix of two different cultures.DThe popularity of sorrowful hymns.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A mix of the two
23、cultures eventually appeared.The religious dance of the ring shout turned into modern dances like the Charleston”可知，两种文化的混合促进了Charleston的出现。故选C。2According to the passage，what can we learn about the blues?AIt became popular in the late 20th century.BIt may include the description of slaves sad lives.
24、CIt mainly told the stories of the American Civil War.DIt reflected the hard lives of many black musicians.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These soulful accounts by slaves of the severe climate and conditions began to be calledthe blues”可知，对在苛刻的气候和环境下工作的奴隶的那些深情凄婉的描述被称作“the blues”。故选B。3What does the underlined wor
25、d “This” in the third paragraph refer to?ASlaves collective work.BOne region of West Africa.CThe new common culture.DThe music by the Beatles.C解析：代词指代题。根据第三段中的“.they worked together until they gradually formed a common culture.This strengthened.”可知，他们一起工作直到他们逐渐形成一种共同的文化。故选C。4It can be learned that t
26、he music in the early 20th century _Apossessed soul and sincerityBbecame more commercializedCwas blamed for its mass productionDwidened the gap between musicians and fansA解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“and now there is lack of the same soul and quality of naturalness and simplicity in music that was rising in th
27、e early 20th century”可知，选A。BSome of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz mu
28、sic, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the US. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change that. As the Kennedy Ce
29、nters artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like its not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radios reporter Neal Conan. “What Im hoping to accomplish is
30、 that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. Its actually color, and its actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music cant be presented today th
31、e way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Wallers music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert
32、 music，” says Moran. “For me, its the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometim
33、es we lose sight that the music has a wider context，” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”【解题导语】本文介绍了举办第一届国际爵士乐日的宗旨、当前爵士乐面临的挑战以及如何让爵士乐重新流行的设想。5Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?ATo remember the birth of jazz.BTo protect cultu
34、ral diversity.CTo encourage people to study music.DTo recognize the value of jazz.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice
35、across cultures”可知，联合国教科文组织近来把4月30日设立为国际爵士乐日，旨在增强人们对爵士乐价值的认识，故答案为D。6What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?AJazz becoming more accessible.BThe production of jazz growing faster.CJazz being less popular with the young.DThe jazz audience becoming larger. C解析：代词指代题。根据语境可知，画线词that指
36、代上段“Despite the celebrations, though, in the US. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。7What can we infer about Morans opinion on jazz?AIt will disappear gradually.BIt remains black and wh
37、ite.CIt should keep up with the times.DIt changes every 50 years.C解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的内容尤其是“It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same”可知，由于时代在改变，人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变，所以爵士乐应该随着时代改变，才能吸引更多的听众。8Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AExploring the Future of Jazz
38、BThe Rise and Fall of JazzCThe Story of a Jazz MusicianDCelebrating the Jazz DayA解析：标题归纳题。本文介绍了为保护爵士乐，联合国教科文组织设立国际爵士乐日。纵观全文内容尤其是第三至第六段中提到的杰森莫兰对爵士乐的看法及希望可知，A项“探索爵士乐的未来”作本文标题最佳。 七选五Change is scary.1._It can go hand in hand with the fear that we might hurt someone else if we only think about ourselves.
39、The truth is that youre so much more courageous than you give yourself credit and far stronger than you realize.Here are some ways that you can use to help yourself make the process of creating change more manageable.Make change into small bitesize pieces.2._Remember that as long as you attempt to t
40、ake regular practice towards your goal，such as eating more healthily every day，or walking twenty minutes a day，youre heading in the right direction to make changes.Form a habit of keeping a diary every day.Writing a journal every night before going to bed can effectively help you cope with the emoti
41、onal impact of the change process.Go to grab a pen or pencil and remember a journal is not for being neat and tidy with good spelling.3._Rest is essential to success.Have a rest and take time out to build your energy.4._If we dont give ourselves time to rest，we just end up burning out by the constan
42、t striving and worry.As we dont have the energy to keep going，we have to give up!5_Just accept them! Im sorry to say that unless some people are really secure in themselves and truly happy in their own life，theyre never going to like your changes.This has nothing to do with whether they love you or
43、not.They are just for selfpreservation! Therefore，give them a little time to adjust and get used to it.ANo one else is going to like your changes.BDont try to eat the elephant in one sitting.CIt is a step into the unknown.DKeep repeating your small steps over and over again.EIts not being lazy to have time out.FIts a private place where you can speak out your inner thoughts.GCreating change is about building your character.答案：15.CBFEA